Enhanced High-Temperature Cycling Stability of Garnet-Based All Solid-State Lithium Battery Using a Multi-Functional Catholyte Buffer Layer

The pursuit of safer and high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has triggered extensive research activities on solid-state batteries,while challenges related to the unstable electrode-electrolyte interface hinder their practical implementation.Polymer has been used extensively to improve the cathode-electrolyte interface in garnet-based all-solid-state LIBs(ASSLBs),while it introduces new concerns about thermal stability.In this study,we propose the incorporation of a multi-functional flame-retardant triphenyl phos-phate additive into poly(ethylene oxide),acting as a thin buffer layer between LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)cathode and garnet electro-lyte.Through electrochemical stability tests,cycling performance evaluations,interfacial thermal stability analysis and flammability tests,improved thermal stability(capacity retention of 98.5%after 100 cycles at 60℃,and 89.6%after 50 cycles at 80℃)and safety characteristics(safe and stable cycling up to 100℃)are demonstrated.Based on various materials characterizations,the mechanism for the improved thermal stability of the interface is proposed.The results highlight the potential of multi-functional flame-retardant additives to address the challenges associated with the electrode-electrolyte interface in ASSLBs at high temperature.Efficient thermal modification in ASSLBs operating at elevated temperatures is also essential for enabling large-scale energy storage with safety being the primary concern.

Increasing Threat of Scarcity Prompts Rise in Water Recycling

In January 2018,construction wrapped on Salesforce Tower(Fig.1),a 61-story office building that now dominates the skyline of San Francisco,CA,USA.In addition to being the tallest building in the city,Salesforce Tower is the largest structure in the world with an onsite water recycling system.Built by the Australian com-pany Aquacell(Milton,NSW,Australia),the system cleans 113 m^(3)of sewage,sink,shower,and other wastewater each day for use in irrigation and flushing toilets,saving an estimated 35000 m?of water anmually[1].The building is just one of dozens in San Fran-cisco outitted with their own water recycling systems,thanks to a city mandate enacted in 2015[1].

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals cell atlas and identifies cycling tumor cells responsible for recurrence in ameloblastoma

Ameloblastoma is a benign tumor characterized by locally invasive phenotypes,leading to facial bone destruction and a high recurrence rate.However,the mechanisms governing tumor initiation and recurrence are poorly understood.Here,we uncovered cellular landscapes and mechanisms that underlie tumor recurrence in ameloblastoma at single-cell resolution.Our results revealed that ameloblastoma exhibits five tumor subpopulations varying with respect to immune response(IR),bone remodeling(BR),tooth development(TD),epithelial development(ED),and cell cycle(CC)signatures.Of note,we found that CC ameloblastoma cells were endowed with stemness and contributed to tumor recurrence,which was dominated by the EZH2-mediated program.Targeting EZH2 effectively eliminated CC ameloblastoma cells and inhibited tumor growth in ameloblastoma patient-derived organoids.These data described the tumor subpopulation and clarified the identity,function,and regulatory mechanism of CC ameloblastoma cells,providing a potential therapeutic target for ameloblastoma.

TuBG1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma via ATR/P53-apoptosis and cycling pathways

Background:As reported,γ-tubulin(TuBG1)is related to the occurrence and development of various types of malignant tumors.However,its role in hepatocellular cancer(HCC)is not clear.The present study was to investigate the relationship between TuBG1 and clinical parameters and survival in HCC patients.Methods:The correlation between TuBG1 and clinical parameters and survival in HCC patients was ex-plored by bioinformatics analysis.Immunohistochemistry was used for the verification.The molecular function of TuBG1 was measured using colony formation,scratch assay,trans-well assay and flow cytometry.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was used to pick up the enriched pathways,followed by investigating the target pathways using Western blotting.The tumor-immune system interactions and drug bank database(TISIDB)was used to evaluate TuBG1 and immunity.Based on the TuBG1-related immune genes,a prognostic model was constructed and was further validated internally and externally.Results:The bioinformatic analysis found high expressed TuBG1 in HCC tissue,which was confirmed us-ing immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.After silencing the TuBG1 in HCC cell lines,more G1 arrested cells were found,cell proliferation and invasion were inhibited,and apoptosis was promoted.Furthermore,the silence of TuBG1 increased the expressions of Ataxia-Telangiectasia and Rad-3(ATR),phospho-P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P-P38MAPK),phospho-P53(P-P53),B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein(Bax),cleaved caspase 3 and P21;decreased the expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),cyclin D1,cyclin E2,cyclin-dependent kinase 2(CDK2)and CDK4.The correlation analysis of immunohistochemistry and clinical parameters and survival data revealed that TuBG1 was negatively corre-lated with the overall survival.The constructed immune prognosis model could effectively evaluate the prognosis.Conclusions:The increased expression of TuBG1 in HCC is associated with poor prognosis,which might be involved in the occurrence and development of HCC.

Cycling performance of layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Layered oxide is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries because of its high-capacity,high operating voltage,and simple synthesis.Cycling performance is an important criterion for evaluating the application prospects of batteries.However,facing challenges,including phase transitions,ambient stability,side reactions,and irreversible anionic oxygen activity,the cycling performance of layered oxide cathode materials still cannot meet the application requirements.Therefore,this review proposes several strategies to address these challenges.First,bulk doping is introduced from three aspects:cationic single doping,anionic single doping,and multi-ion doping.Second,homogeneous surface coating and concentration gradient modification are reviewed.In addition,methods such as mixed structure design,particle engineering,high-entropy material construction,and integrated modification are proposed.Finally,a summary and outlook provide a new horizon for developing and modifying layered oxide cathode materials.

Changes in calcium accumulation and utilization efficiency and their impact on recycling,immobilization,and export across the oil palm cycle

Effective calcium(Ca)management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield.This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration,accumulation,exportation,immobilization,and recycling in various oil palm organs relative to plant age.The experiment was conducted at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Para State,Brazil,evaluating seven plant age treatments:2,3,4,5,6,7,and 8 years old.Employing a completely randomized design with four replications.The results demonstrated an age-related increase in Ca concentration in petioles,rachis,arrows,male inflorescences,peduncles,and fruits.Furthermore,Ca accumulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age.Notably,the study revealed an enhanced Ca use efficiency across all plant organs in correlation with the age of oil palm cultivation.These findings underscore the dynamic nutritional demands of oil palm,influencing Ca immobilization,cycling,and export throughout its developmental stages.

Recycling Carbon:A Leap towards Greener Chemicals

Imagine a world where carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions that contribute to global warming are not only captured but transformed into something valuable.Scientists have now engineered a new method that could make this vision a reality,offering a new twist on carbon fixation.

Swiss cycling brand to pushing the boundaries of sustainability

Possenia,a trailblazing newcomer in the cycling industry,proudly announces a groundbreaking achievement:it is Switzerland’s first cycling brand to introduce the bluesign®PRODUCT label,marking an important milestone in sustainable cycling apparel in Europe.These environmentally conscious,premium cycling essentials are now available on Digitec Galaxus as well as directly through Possenia’s own website.

Recycling a Scarce Resource

Caleb Munyao,a 48-year-old middle-scale farmer from Kenya’s eastern region,understands the importance of water better than most.On his 13-hectare farm,where he grows maize,yellow beans,and mangoes,every drop of water is precious.Kenya,like many countries in Africa,faces significant challenges in managing its water resources.The country’s water scarcity issues are exacerbated by climate change,rapid urbanisation,and inconsistent rainfall patterns.

Recycling agricultural plastic mulch:limitations and opportunities in the United States

Plastic mulches have become an essential component of modern agriculture since their introduction in the 1950s.However,disposal of plastic mulches poses serious environmental challenges as plastics that are not considered biodegradable or compostable can take several hundred years to degrade.Each year in the United States,only 9%of overall plastic waste is recycled while 79%is accumulated in landfills or the natural environment.Recycling of plastic mulch is especially constrained due to the contamination that results from their use in farming.Currently,recovered mulches are reported to have 30%–80%surface contamination,primarily from soil and plant debris.Plastic mulch waste is concentrated in areas where they are used and can provide logistical opportunities to the plastic recycling industries.Plastic recycling includes mechanical,advanced(chemical and thermal),and biological methods,that may all be used for polyethylene(PE).Most plastic is recycled using the mechanical method,while advanced and biological methods are promising but face significant financial and technical challenges.For all recycling methods,strategies are needed for managing surface contamination to realize the recycling potential of plastic mulch.

Acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cycling performance in trained male athletes

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of applying anodal tDCS(2 mA for 20 min)over the scalp from T3(anodal-tDCS)to Fp2(cathodal-tDCS)on the perceptual,physiological and performance responses during maximal incremental and constant-load exercise(CLE)in trained cyclists.Methods Eleven male cyclists performed maximal incremental exercise(MIE)on a cycle ergometer under either tDCS or sham,with power output,heart rate(HR),oxygen uptake(V̇O_(2)),ratings of perceived exertion(RPE)assessed throughout,and blood samples collected before and after MIE.On two separate occasions,nine subjects performed CLE at 62%of the peak power output followed by a 15 km time trial under either tDCS or sham(n=8 for the time trial).Results HR,V̇O_(2),RPE and blood samples were collected at regular intervals.There were no differences between tDCS and sham in any variable during the MIE.tDCS elicited a decreased HR(F_(4,8)=9.232;p=0.016;η_(p)^(2)=0.54),increased V̇O_(2)(F_(4,8)=8.920;p=0.015;η_(p)^(2)=0.50)and increased blood non-esterified fatty acids(F_(6,8)=11.754;p=0.009;η_(p)^(2)=0.60)and glycerol(F_(6,8)=6.603;p=0.037;η_(p)^(2)=0.49)concentrations during the CLE when compared to sham.tDCS also improved 15 km time trial performance by 3.6%(p=0.02;d=0.47)without affecting RPE,HR and blood lactate.Conclusions The application of tDCS over the temporal cortex in trained cyclists improved cycling performance during a self-paced time trial but did not enhance performance during maximal incremental exercise.These results are encouraging and merit further investigation of the ergogenic effects of tDCS in trained athletes.

Associations of strength indices and cycling economy in young adults

Objectives:Cycling economy is associated with muscle strength in athletes.However,the relationship between strength capacity(i.e.maximal and explosive strength)and cycling economy in previously untrained but healthy individuals remains unclear.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the associations between cycling economy and strength performance in a population of recreationally active but untrained healthy individuals.Methods:A total of 155 recreationally active individuals(95 males and 60 females)were included.Strength capacity was assessed through an incremental one-repetition maximum test,from which the one-repetition maximum,mean propulsive velocity,and mean propulsive power were derived as strength indices.Cycling economy was assessed using a step protocol on a cycle ergometer and gross oxygen cost and caloric unit cost were determined at submaximal intensities.Results:Marginal R^(2) ranged between 0.013 and 0.062 for the gross oxygen cost and between 0.022 and 0.103 for the gross caloric unit cost,respectively.Greater cycling economy is related to higher strength levels.However,the relationship is relatively weak,explaining only 1.3–6.2%of the variance in gross oxygen cost and 2.2–10.3%of the variance in gross caloric unit cost.Conclusions:Greater cycling economy in recreationally active males and females is related to higher strength levels(i.e.one-repetition maximum,mean propulsive velocity,mean propulsive power).

Effect of vinylene carbonate as electrolyte additive on cycling performance of LiFePO_4/graphite cell at elevated temperature

Effects of film-forming additive on stability of electrode and cycling performance of LiFePO4/graphite cell at elevated temperature were studied. Two 18650 cells with and without VC additive were investigated by galvanostatic cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that in the presence of VC additive, dissolution of Fe from LiFePO4 material is greatly depressed and stability of graphite structure is improved; the additive can not only reduce reaction of electrolyte on surface of LiFePO4 electrode but also suppress reduction of solvent and thickening of the solid electrolyte interface （SEI） layer on graphite surface. Electrolyte with VC is considered to be a good candidate for improving cycling performance of the LiFePOa/graphite cell at elevated temperature.

布鲁菌Cycling探针荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据布鲁菌BCSP31基因序列设计布鲁菌通用检测引物和探针,建立了布鲁菌Cycling探针荧光定量PCR检测方法。以构建的含BCSP31基因的质粒标准品10倍递进稀释为模板检测其敏感性,结果显示,本方法能检测约10个拷贝的阳性质粒,且标准曲线的线性关系良好。用本方法检测5株不同种的布鲁菌以及猪大肠杆菌K99、巴氏杆菌C48-1、猪链球菌ST171、绿脓杆菌等4株对照菌。结果显示,5株不同种的布鲁菌均出现典型的"S"型扩增曲线,4株对照菌40个循环内均无CT值出现。用本方法和B4/B5-PCR方法对来自布鲁菌病流行地区3个不同牛场的40份血样、奶样和血清样进行平行检测。结果显示,本方法和B4/B5-PCR方法的结果符合率为80.0%。B4/B5-PCR检测为阳性的27份样品经本方法检测均为阳性;B4/B5-PCR检测为阴性的13份样本,经本方法检测,其中8份呈阳性,5份为阴性。本方法的敏感性明显高于B4/B5-PCR方法。试验表明,所建立的Cycling探针荧光定量PCR方法具有敏感、特异、稳定等特点,可用于布鲁菌感染的快速检测。

Effect of sintering temperature on cycling performance and rate performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_2

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 powder was prepared by mixing LiOH·H2O and co-precipitated Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1（OH）2 at a molar ratio of 1：1.05, followed by sintering at different temperatures. The effects of temperature on the morphology, structure and electrochemical performance were extensively studied. SEM and XRD results demonstrate that the sintering temperature has large influence on the morphology and structure and suitable temperature is very important to obtain spherical materials and suppresses the ionic distribution. The charge-discharge tests show that the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 powders becomes better with the increase of temperature from 700 ℃ to 750 ℃ and higher temperature will deteriorate the performance. Although both of materials obtained at 750 ℃ and 780 ℃ demonstrate almost identical cyclic stability at 2C rate, which delivers 71.9%retention after 200 cycles, the rate performance of powder calcined at 780 ℃ is much poorer than that at 750 ℃. The XRD results demonstrate that the poor performance is ascribed to more severe ionic distribution caused by higher temperature.

基于FES cycling训练的刺激模式的设计与研究

目的:提出一种基于FES cycling训练的刺激模式的设计方法,使训练者在训练过程中腿部肌肉能够协调运动,获得较高的运动效率。方法:对训练中的蹬踏运动结构进行建模,同时结合腿部肌肉运动的动力学模型,对运动中的运动效率进行分析,以运动过程中的平均功率作为目标函数进行优化,获取运动效率最高的刺激模式。结论和结果:得到一种运动效率更高的刺激模式,同时也为不同结构形式的FES cycling刺激模式的设计提供了一种较为通用的方法。

HBx基因缺失突变体(HBx-d382)对L02细胞cyclinD1、cyclinG1和E2F1表达的影响

目的前期的研究成功构建了稳定表达HBx基因及其缺失突变体(HBx-d382)的L02细胞,分别命名为L02/HBx和L02/HBx-d382,并证实其可导致肝细胞恶性转化。该研究进一步探讨HBx-d382对L02细胞G1期细胞周期调控相关基因cyclinD1,cyclinG1和E2F1表达的影响。方法实验分为L02/pcDNA3.0(稳定转染pcDNA3.0)、L02/HBx和L02/HBx-d382(分别稳定转染质粒pcDNA3.0/HBx和pcDNA3.0/HBx-d382)3组。通过实时定量PCR以及wester-blot检测转染HBx基因及其缺失突变体HBx-d382后L02细胞cyclinD1、cyclinG1和E2F1表达的改变。方法实时定量PCR以及wester-blot结果表明稳定表达HBx基因或HBx-d382的L02细胞cyclinD1、cyclinG1和E2F1表达上调,表达HBx-d382的L02细胞上调最为明显。结论 HBx-d382可能通过上调cyclinD1、cyclinG1和E2F1从而影响细胞G1期调控,进一步导致肝细胞恶性转化。

Microstructure instability of fully lamellar TiAl alloy containing high content of Nb after long-term thermal cycling

Microstructure instabilities of the fully lamellar Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-（W,B,Y） alloy were investigated by SEM and TEM after long-term thermal cycling（500 and 1000 thermal cycles） at 900 °C. Two major categories of microstructure instability were produced in the alloy after the thermal cycling： 1） The discontinuous coarsening implies that grain boundary migrations are inclined to occur in the Al-segregation region after the long-term thermal cycling, especially after 1000 thermal cycles. Al-segregation can be reduced during the process of long-term thermal cycling as a result of element diffusion; 2） The α2 lamellae become thinner and are broken after 1000 thermal cycles caused by the dissolution of α2 lamellae through phase transformation of α2→γ. The γ grains nucleate within the α2 lamellae or（α2＋γ） lamellae in a random direction.

Geological cycling of potassium and the K isotopic response:insights from loess and shales

Shales are a major sink for K into seawater delivered from continental weathering,and are potential recorders of K cycling.High precision K isotope analyses reveal a[0.6%variation in δ^41K values(41K/39K relative to NIST SRM 3141a)from a set of well characterized postArchean Australian shale(PAAS)samples.By contrast,loess samples have relatively homogenous δ^41K values(-0.5±0.1%),which may represent the average K composition of upper continental crust.Most of the shales analyzed in this study have experienced K enrichment relative to average continental crust,and the majority of them define a trend of decreasing δ^41K value(from-0.5to-0.7%)with increasing K content and K/Na ratio,indicating cation exchange in clays minerals is accompanied by K isotope fractionation.Several shale samples do not follow the trend and have elevated δ^41K values up to-0.1%,and these samples are characterized by variable Fe isotope compositions,which reflect post-depositional processes.The K isotope variability observed in shales,in combination with recent findings about K isotope fractionation during continental weathering,indicates that K isotopes fractionate during cycling of K between different reservoirs,and K isotopes in sediments may be used to trace geological cycling of K.

Description and Application of a Model for Simulating Regional Nitrogen Cycling and Calculating Nitrogen Flux

A regional nitrogen cycle model, named IAP-N, was designed for simulating regional nitrogen （N） cycling and calculating N fluxes flowing among cultivated soils, crops, and livestock, as well as human, atmospheric and other systems. The conceptual structure and calculation methods and procedures of this model are described in detail. All equations of the model are presented. In addition, definitions of all the involved variables and parameters are given. An application of the model in China at the national scale is presented. In this example, annual surpluses of consumed synthetic N fertilizer; emissions of nitrous oxide （N2O）, ammonia （NH3） and nitrogen oxide （NOx）; N loss from agricultural lands due to leaching and runoff; and sources and sinks of anthropogenic reactive N （Nr） were estimated for the period 1961-2004. The model estimates show that surpluses of N fertilizer started to occur in the mid 1990s and amounted to 5.7 Tg N yr^-1 in the early 2000s. N20 emissions related to agriculture were estimated as 0.69 Tg N yr^-1 in 2004, of which 58% was released directly from N added to agricultural soils. Total NH3 and NOx emissions in 2004 amounted to 4.7 and 4.9 Tg N yr^-1, respectively. About 3.9 Tg N yr^-1 of N was estimated to have flowed out of the cultivated soil layer in 2004, which accounted for 33% of applied synthetic N fertilizer. Anthropogenic Nr sources changed from 2.8 （1961） to 28.1 Tg N yr^-1 （2004）, while removal （sinks） changed from to 2.1 to 8.4 Tg N yr^-1. The ratio of anthropogenic Nr sources to sinks was only 1.4 in 1961 but 3.3 in 2004. Further development of the IAP-N model is suggested to focus upon： Ca） inter-comparison with other regional N models; （b） overcoming the limitations of the current model version, such as adaptation to other regions, high-resolution database, and so on; and （c） developing the capacity to estimate the safe threshold of anthropogenic Nr source to sink ratios.