FOXO1 reshapes neutrophils to aggravate acute brain damage and promote late depression after traumatic brain injury

Background:Neutrophils are traditionally viewed as first responders but have a short onset of action in response to traumatic brain injury(TBI).However,the heterogeneity,multifunctionality,and time-dependent modulation of brain damage and outcome mediated by neutrophils after TBI remain poorly understood.Methods:Using the combined single-cell transcriptomics,metabolomics,and proteomics analysis from TBI patients and the TBI mouse model,we investigate a novel neutrophil phenotype and its associated effects on TBI outcome by neurological deficit scoring and behavioral tests.We also characterized the underlying mechanisms both invitro and invivo through molecular simulations,signaling detections,gene expression regulation assessments[including dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)assays],primary cultures or co-cultures of neutrophils and oligodendrocytes,intracellular iron,and lipid hydroperoxide concentration measurements,as well as forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)conditional knockout mice.Results:We identified that high expression of the FOXO1 protein was induced in neutrophils after TBI both in TBI patients and the TBI mouse model.Infiltration of these FOXO1high neutrophils in the brain was detected not only in the acute phase but also in the chronic phase post-TBI,aggravating acute brain inflammatory damage and promoting late TBI-induced depression.In the acute stage,FOXO1 upregulated cytoplasmic Versican(VCAN)to interact with the apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2)-associated X protein(BAX),suppressing the mitochondrial translocation of BAX,which mediated the antiapoptotic effect companied with enhancing interleukin-6(IL-6)production of FOXO1high neutrophils.In the chronic stage,the“FOXO1-transferrin receptor(TFRC)”mechanism contributes to FOXO1high neutrophil ferroptosis,disturbing the iron homeostasis of oligodendrocytes and inducing a reduction in myelin basic protein,which contributes to the progression of late depression after TBI.Conclusions:FOXO1high neutrophils represent a novel neutrophil phenotype that emerges in response to acute and chronic TBI,which provides insight into the heterogeneity,reprogramming activity,and versatility of neutrophils in TBI.

Acute drivers of neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury

Neuroinflammation is initiated as a result of traumatic brain injury and can exacerbate evolving tissue pathology.Immune cells respond to acute signals from damaged cells,initiate neuroinflammation,and drive the pathological consequences over time.Importantly,the mechanism(s)of injury,the location of the immune cells within the brain,and the animal species all contribute to immune cell behavior following traumatic brain injury.Understanding the signals that initiate neuroinflammation and the context in which they appear may be critical for understanding immune cell contributions to pathology and regeneration.Within this paper,we review a number of factors that could affect immune cell behavior acutely following traumatic brain injury.

Acute kidney injury in traumatic brain injury intensive care unit patients

BACKGROUND The exact definition of Acute kidney injury(AKI)for patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI)is unknown.AIM To compare the power of the“Risk,Injury,Failure,Loss of kidney function,and End-stage kidney disease”(RIFLE),Acute Kidney Injury Network(AKIN),Creatinine kinetics(CK),and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes(KDIGO)to determine AKI incidence/stage and their association with the inhospital mortality rate of patients with TBI.METHODS This retrospective study collected the data of patients admitted to the intensive care unit for neurotrauma from 2001 to 2012,and 1648 patients were included.The subjects in this study were assessed for the presence and stage of AKI using RIFLE,AKIN,CK,and KDIGO.In addition,the propensity score matching method was used.RESULTS Among the 1648 patients,291(17.7%)had AKI,according to KDIGO.The highest incidence of AKI was found by KDIGO(17.7%),followed by AKIN(17.1%),RIFLE(12.7%),and CK(11.5%)(P=0.97).Concordance between KDIGO and RIFLE/AKIN/CK was 99.3%/99.1%/99.3%for stage 0,36.0%/91.5%/44.5%for stage 1,35.9%/90.6%/11.3%for stage 2,and 47.4%/89.5%/36.8%for stage 3.The in-hospital mortality rates increased with the AKI stage in all four definitions.The severity of AKI by all definitions and stages was not associated with inhospital mortality in the multivariable analyses(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION Differences are seen in AKI diagnosis and in-hospital mortality among the four AKI definitions or stages.This study revealed that KDIGO is the best method to define AKI in patients with TBI.

Comparison between intravenous morphine versus fentanyl in acute pain relief in drug abusers with acute limb traumatic injury

BACKGROUND: Rapid and effective pain relief in acute traumatic limb injuries(ATLI) is one of the most important roles of emergency physicians. In these situations, opioid addiction is an important concern because of the dependency on opioids. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of intravenous(IV) fentanyl versus morphine in reducing pain in patients with opioid addiction who suffered from ATLI.METHODS: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 320 patients with ATLI, who presented to the emergency department(ED) from February 2016 to April 2016, were randomly divided into two groups. One group(160 patients) received 0.1 mg/kg IV morphine. The other group(160 patients) received 1 mcg/kg IV fentanyl. Patients' demographic data, pain score at specif ic intervals, vital signs, side effects, satisfaction and the need for rescue analgesia were recorded.RESULTS: Eight patients in the morphine group and five patients in the fentanyl group were excluded. Pain score in the fentanyl group had a significant decrease at 5-minute follow-up(P value=0.00). However, at 10, 30, and 60-minute follow-ups no signifi cant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of pain score reduction. The rescue analgesia was required in 12(7.7%) patients in the fentanyl group and in 48(31.6%) patients in the morphine group(P value=0.00). No signifi cant difference was observed regarding side effects, vital signs and patients' satisfaction between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Fentanyl might be an effective and safe drug in opioid addicts suffering from ATLI.

Etiology of non-traumatic acute abdomen in pediatric emergency departments

Acute abdominal pain is a common complaint in pediatric emergency departments. A complete evaluation is the key factor approaching the disease and should include the patient's age, any trauma history, the onset and chronicity of the pain, the related symptoms and a detailed physical examination. The aim of this review article is to provide some information for physicians in pediatric emergency departments, with the age factors and several causes of non-traumatic acute abdominal pain. The leading causes of acute abdominal pain are divided into four age groups: infants younger than 2 years old, children 2 to 5, children 5 to 12, and children older than 12 years old. We review the information about acute appendicitis, intussusception, HenochSchnlein purpura, infection, Meckel's diverticulum and mesenteric adenitis. In conclusion, the etiologies of acute abdomen in children admitted to the emergency department vary depending on age. A complete history and detailed physical examination, as well as abdominal imaging examinations, could provide useful information for physicians in the emergency department to narrow the differential diagnosis of abdominal emergencies and give a timely treatment.

Pain management in acute musculoskeletal injury: Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications

BACKGROUND The use of opioids for pain is linked to an increased risk of developing opioid use disorder,and has resulted in the emergence of the opioid crisis over the last few years.AIM The systematic review question is“How does the use of opioid medications in pain management,compared with non-opioid medications,affect pain intensity over the short,intermediate,and long-term in adults with acute traumatic pain?”.METHODS The protocol was prospectively registered on the International Prospective Re-gister of Systematic Reviews:CRD42021279639.Medline and Google Scholar were electronically searched for controlled peer-reviewed studies published in full,with the PICO framework:P:Adult patients with traumatic injuries,I:Opioid medications,C:Non-opioid medi-cations,O:A minimum clinically important difference(MCID)in pain.RESULTS After full-text screening,we included 14 studies in the qualitative synthesis.Of these 14 studies,12 were rando-mized clinical trials(RCTs)and 2 were pseudo-RCTs with a total of 2347 patients enrolled.There was heteroge-neity in both medication utilized and outcome in these studies;only two studies were homogeneous regarding the type of study conducted,the opioid used,its comparator,and the outcome explored.The MCID was evaluated in 8 studies,while in 6 studies,any measured pain reduction was considered as an outcome.In 11 cases,the setting of care was the Emergency Department;in 2 cases,care occurred out-of-hospital;and in one case,the setting was not well-specified.The included studies were found to have a low-moderate risk of bias.CONCLUSION Non-opioids can be considered an alternative to opioids for short-term pain management of acute musculoskeletal injury.Intravenous ketamine may cause more adverse events than other routes of administration.

Electroacupuncture in Treatment of Acute Gastrointestinal Injury in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury:A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To evaluate whether electroacupuncture(EA) would improve gastrointestinal function and clinical prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury(TBI) complicocted by acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI). Methods: This multicenter, single-blind trial included patients with TBI and AGI admitted to 5Chinese hospitals from September 2018 to December 2019. A total of 500 patients were randomized to the control or acupuncture groups using a random number table, 250 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received conventional treatment, including mannitol, nutritional support, epilepsy and infection prevention, and maintenance of water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. While patients in the acupuncture group received EA intervention at bilateral Zusanli(ST 36), Shangjuxu(ST 37), Xiajuxu(ST 39), Tianshu(ST 25), and Zhongwan(RN 12) acupoints in addition to the conventional treatment, 30 min per time, twice daily,for 7 d. The primary endpoint was 28-d mortality. The secondary endpoints were serum levels of D-lactic acid(D-lac), diamine oxidase(DAO), lipopolysaccharide(LPS), motilin(MTL) and gastrin(GAS), intra-abdominal pressure(IAP), bowel sounds, abdominal circumference, AGI grade, scores of gastrointestinal failure(GIF),Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE Ⅱ), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA), and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome(MODS), mechanical ventilation time,intense care unit(ICU) stay, and the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Results: The 28-d mortality in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the control group(22.80% vs. 33.20%, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the acupuncture group at 7 d showed lower GIF, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA, MODS scores, D-lac,DAO, LPS, IAP, and abdominal circumference and higher GCS score, MTL, GAS, and bowel sound frequency(all P<0.05). In addition, the above indices showed simillar changes at 7 d compared with days 1 and 3 in the EA group(all P<0.05). Conclusion: Early EA can improve gastrointestinal function and clinical prognosis in patients with severe TBI complicated by AGI.(Registration No. ChiCTR2000032276)

Management of Non-Traumatic Urological Emergencies at Souro Sanou University Teaching Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Background: Generally, urological emergencies are assumed not to be very common, however, recent reports showed that they constitute an important aspect of the day-to-day urological practice. If not well and promptly managed, they may lead to serious morbidity or mortality. Objectives: To study the pattern of presentation, diagnosis and outcome of management of non-traumatic urological emergencies seen at the Emergency Department of Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study over four years. It included patients of all ages and both sexes, admitted for non-traumatic urological emergencies in the surgical emergency department of Souro Sanou University Hospital. It took place from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020. Results: A total of 584 patients were reviewed in our study. Non-traumatic urological emergencies account for 6.3% of all surgical emergencies seen during the study period. The male-to-female ratio was 9.2 to 1. The mean age of the patients was 51.9 ± 23.9 years. Forty-five per cent of the patients presented within 48 hours of symptoms. The vast majority of the patients presented with difficulties with passing urine (41.6%), followed by cases of hematuria (18.4%). On admission, 154 patients (26.4%) presented with severe conditions such as anemia as seen in 40.9% of the cases and deterioration in the general health condition as seen in 34.4% of the patients. Leukocytosis was noted in 18.7% of the patients and anemia in 17.9%. Urine culture was positive in 15.4% of the patients and Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen found (40.6%). Ultrasound was the most requested examination (81.2%), followed by a computerized tomography (CT) scan (22%). The most frequent diagnoses were urine retention (42.9%), hematuria (16.9%) and renal colic (10.1%). Emergency interventions were carried out in 525 patients (89.9%) who include bladder catheterization (46.1%), bladder lavage and/or bladder irrigation (20.9%) and suprapubic cystocatheterization (10.1%). Most of the patients (61.3%) were discharged after a mean stay in the hospital of about 5.1 ± 7.5 days. A mortality rate of 3.8% was also recorded among the patients studied. Conclusion: Non-traumatic urological emergencies are common and are an important aspect of daily urological practice. The majority of the patient presents late with usually a severe form of the disease, which adversely affects the outcome even after treatment.

Management of acute spinal cord injury:A summary of the evidence pertaining to the acute management,operative and non-operative management

Acute traumatic spinal cord injury is often a lifechanging and devastating event with considerable mortality and morbidity.Over half a million people suffer from traumatic spinal cord injury annually with the majority resulting from road traffic accidents or falls.The Individual,societal and economic costs are enormous.Initial recognition and treatment of acute traumatic spinal cord injury are crucial to limit secondary injury to the spinal cord and to provide patients with the best chance of some functional recovery.This article is an overview of the management of the acute traumatic spinal cord injury patient presenting to the emergency department.We review the initial assessment,criteria for imaging and clearing the spine,and evaluate the literature to determine the optimum timing of surgery and the role of non-surgical treatment in patients presenting with acute spinal cord injury.

Dynamic changes in growth factor levels over a 7-day period predict the functional outcomes of traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury（TBI） can result in poor functional outcomes and death, and overall outcomes are varied. Growth factors, such as angiopoietin-1（Ang-1）, vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor（G-CSF）, play important roles in the neurological functions. This study investigated the relationship between serum growth factor levels and long-term outcomes after TBI. Blood samples from 55 patients were collected at 1, 3 and 7 days after TBI. Blood samples from 39 healthy controls were collected as a control group. Serum Ang-1, G-CSF, and VEGF levels were measured using ELISA. Patients were monitored for 3 months using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended（GOSE）. Patients having a GOSE score of 〉 5 at 3 months were categorized as a good outcome, and patients with a GOSE score of 1-5 were categorized as a bad outcome. Our data demonstrated that TBI patients showed significantly increased growth factor levels within 7 days compared with healthy controls. Serum levels of Ang-1 at 1 and 7 days and G-CSF levels at 7 days were significantly higher in patients with good outcomes than in patients with poor outcomes. VEGF levels at 7 days were remarkably higher in patients with poor outcomes than in patients with good outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the best cut-off points of serum growth factor levels at 7 days to predict functional outcome were 1,333 pg/mL for VEGF, 447.2 pg/mL for G-CSF, and 90.6 ng/mL for Ang-1. These data suggest that patients with elevated levels of serum Ang-1, G-CSF, and decreased VEGF levels had a better prognosis in the acute phase of TBI（within 7 days）. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（registration number： ChiCTR1800018251） on September 7, 2018.

Hydroxyethylstarch revisited for acute brain injury treatment

Infusion of the colloid hydroxyethylstarch has been used for volume substitution to maintain hemodynamics and microcirculation after e.g., severe blood loss.In the last decade it was revealed that hydroxyethylstarch can aggravate acute kidney injury, especially in septic patients.Because of the serious risk for critically ill patients, the administration of hydroxyethylstarch was restricted for clinical use.Animal studies and recently published in vitro experiments showed that hydroxyethylstarch might exert protective effects on the blood-brain barrier.Since the prevention of blood-brain barrier disruption was shown to go along with the reduction of brain damage after several kinds of insults, we revisit the topic hydroxyethylstarch and discuss a possible niche for the application of hydroxyethylstarch in acute brain injury treatment.

Twist drill craniostomy for traumatic acute subdural hematoma in the elderly: case series and literature review

Background:A large craniotomy is usually the first choice for removal of traumatic acute subdural hematoma (TASDH).To date,few studies have reported that TASDH could be successfully treated by twist drill craniostomy (TDC) alone or combined with instillation of urokinase.We aimed to define the TDC for the elderly with TASDH and performed literature review.Case presentation:A total of 7 TASDH patients,who were presented and treated by TDC in this retrospective study between January 2009 and May 2017,consisted of 5 men and 2 women,ranging in age from 65 to 89 (average,78.9) years.The patients' baseline characteristics,including age,sex,medical history,received ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus or not,reason for avoiding or refusing large craniotomy,preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS),suffered from cerebral herniation or not,the location of TASDH,imaging characteristics of TASDH in CT scan,injury/surgery time interval,midline shift,preoperative neurologic deficit,operation time,and infusions of urokinase or not,were collected.The postoperative GCS,postoperative neurologic deficit,rebleeding or not,intracranial infection,and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months after surgery were analyzed to access the safety and efficacy of evacuation with TDC.The results showed that the mean time interval from injury to TDC was 68.6 min (30-120 min).The mean distance of midline shift was 14.6 mm (10-20 mm).The preoperative GCS in all patients ranged from 4 to 13(median,9).The mean duration of the operation was 14.4 min (6-19 min).Postoperative CT scan showed that hematoma evacuation rate was more than 70% in all cases.There were no cases of acute rebleeding and intracranial infection after TDC.No cases presented with chronic SDH at the ipsilateral side within 6 months after being treated by TDC alone or combined with instillation of urokinase.Favorable outcomes were shown in all cases (mRS scores 0-2) at 6 months after surgery.Conclusions:TASDH in the elderly could be safely and effectively treated by TDC alone or combined with instillation of urokinase,which was a possible alternative for the elderly.

Management and Outcome of Acute Subdural Hematoma in Gabriel TouréHospital

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major health problem worldwide. It is the main cause of trauma mortality. Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) has a reputation for being the most serious of all posttraumatic head injuries. Its frequency is estimated to be 1% to 5% of all head injuries and 22% of severe head injuries. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological, clinical and prognosis aspects of ASDH in our department. Material and Methods: This prospective study, from January to December 2019, included 57 patients admitted to the Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital for ASDH. Patients underwent detailed clinical and radiological evaluation and ASDH was diagnosed by non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan. Functional outcome was evaluated 6 months after injury by Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results: During the study period, 662 patients were admitted for TBI including 57 (8.61%) cases of ASDH. The mean age was 34 years with extremes of 2 and 77 years. There was a male predominance with 52 (91.2%). The main cause of trauma was motor vehicle accidents in 38 (66.6%) patients. According to the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), 33 (57.9%) patients were classified mild (Table 2). The thickness of the hematoma was more than 1 cm in 13 (22.8%) patients and less than 1 cm in 44 (77%) patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 13 (22.8%) patients. The outcome was favorable in 30 (52.6%) patients and the mortality rate was 33.3%. Conclusion: ASDH remains a difficult challenge because of the high mortality. The mortality rate remains high particularly in patient with poor GCS score at admission.

Effect of Early Controlled Hypotension on Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of early controlled hypotensive therapy in patients with traumatic braininjury(TBI).Methods:68 patients with acute 1Bl in our hospital were selected for this investigation.They were evenly divided into a control group and an observation group according to the difference of blood pressure and basic level,whose lesion area after treatment,postoperative intracranial pressure after 2 d and 7d,and Gcs score of prognostic quality before and after treatment were made comparison.Results:The post-treatment lesion area of the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);the postoperative intracranial pressure after 2d and 7d of the control group was better than the observation group(P<0.05),and the same with GCS score,which has statistical sigmificance(P< 0.05).Conclusion:Early controlled hypotensive therapy has a significant clinical effect on patients with brain trauuma,it can reduce the lesion area after treatment and postoperative intracranial pressure as well.

Acute Stress Symptoms in Families of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit during the First 24 Hours Following Admission in Japan

Families of patients in the intensive care unit often experience sever stress. Understanding their experience is important for providing family-centered care during this difficult period. Little is known about the experience of families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with acute stress symptoms among families of patients admitted to the ICU, we carried out a cross-sectional study at a teaching and advanced treatment hospital. The mean total Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) score differed significantly between planned and unplanned ICU admissions (t = 4.03, p < 0.05), indicating a main effect of admission type (F = 18.5, p < 0.05). There was no significant main effect of relationship (F = 0.05, p = 0.82) or interaction effect of admission type and relationship (F = 0.54, p = 0.47). Multiple regression analysis indicated that admission type was significantly associated with acute stress symptoms (B = 18.09, β = 0.47, p < 0.01), and explained 22% of the variance in total IES-R score. Whether a patient had a planned or unplanned admission to the ICU influenced symptoms associated with acute stress symptoms of family members more than did getting support from nurses, being the patient’s spouse, or the severity of illness of the patient.

急性颅脑外伤患者肠道菌群多样性差异对继发性全身炎症反应综合征的临床预测价值

目的探讨急性颅脑外伤患者肠道菌群多样性差异对继发性全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)的临床预测价值。方法回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年12月固原市人民医院急诊重症监护病房和神经外科重症监护病房收治的急性颅脑外伤患者60例。按SIRS诊断标准分为单纯急性颅脑外伤组(非SIRS组)与急性颅脑外伤后继发性SIRS组(SIRS组);收集患者一般资料并进行临床指标检测,通过16S rRNA基因测序比较两组肠道菌群多样性与菌属相对丰度,采用Pearson相关性分析肠道菌群与临床指标的关系,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析肠道菌群对SIRS的预测价值。结果两组患者性别构成、年龄、红细胞计数、血小板计数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SIRS组体温较非SIRS组高、心率较非SIRS组快、白细胞计数较非SIRS组多、C反应蛋白水平较非SIRS组高(P<0.05)。两组患者Chao1和Shannon指数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者拟杆菌属、瘤胃球菌属、阿克曼菌属、粪肠球菌属相对丰度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SIRS组普雷沃菌属相对丰度低于非SIRS组(P<0.05),埃希菌-志贺菌属、棒状杆菌属相对丰度均高于非SIRS组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果表明,体温、心率、白细胞计数及C反应蛋白与普雷沃菌属相对丰度均呈负相关(r=-0.574、-0.539、-0.554和-0.572,均P<0.05);体温、心率、白细胞计数及C反应蛋白与埃希菌-志贺菌属相对丰度呈正相关(r=0.751、0.743、0.657和0.770,均P<0.05),与棒状杆菌属相对丰度均呈正相关(r=0.782、0.762、0.707和0.799,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果表明,联合诊断的预测效能最高,曲线下面积为0.946(95%CI:0.871,1.000),敏感性为96.7%(95%CI:0.902,0.100),特异性为93.3%(95%CI:0.844,0.100)。结论肠道菌群组成的变化与颅脑损伤后SIRS的发展密切相关,特定菌属的丰度变化可作为SIRS发展的早期生物预警信号。

加味桂枝芍药知母汤对急性创伤性膝关节滑膜炎患者炎性因子和膝关节症状分级量化的影响

目的 观察加味桂枝芍药知母汤口服配合关节穿刺抽液倍他米松、利多卡因关节腔注射对急性创伤性膝关节滑膜炎患者的炎性因子和膝关节肿痛症状改善情况。方法 选70例急性创伤性膝关节滑膜炎患者随机分为两组,治疗组口服加味桂枝芍药知母汤,并配合关节穿刺抽液倍他米松、利多卡因关节腔注射,对照组仅行关节穿刺抽液倍他米松、利多卡因关节腔注射;比较两组患者膝关节肿痛症状及血清炎性因子改善情况。结果 治疗组总有效率为91.43%,高于对照组的74.29%(P <0.05);治疗后两组患者Lysholm膝关节评分及症状分级量化(疼痛、肿胀、活动度、压痛和功能)评分均较治疗前增高(P <0.05),且治疗组高于对照组(P <0.05);两组患者血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均较治疗前下降,但治疗组下降更明显(P <0.05)。结论 加味桂枝芍药知母汤口服,并配合关节穿刺抽吸积液并行倍他米松、利多卡因关节腔注射治疗急性创伤性膝关节滑膜炎可明显减轻膝关节肿痛、改善关节功能,并降低血清中IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α的水平;疗效优于单纯的关节穿刺抽吸积液并行倍他米松、利多卡因关节腔注射。

创伤性老年患者急性肾损伤的预测价值分析

目的探讨几丁质酶3样蛋白1(CHI3L1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质转载蛋白(NGAL)及N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)对老年创伤患者急性肾损伤(AKI)早期诊断的预测价值。方法老年创伤患者120例,在入科时收集血、尿标本,检测血清和尿CHI3L1、血清和尿NGAL、尿NAG浓度。每6 h记录尿量。入科同时检测血肌酐。采用logistic回归及ROC曲线分析CHI3L1、NGAL、NAG对老年AKI的预测作用。结果多因素logistic回归分析显示血清CHI3L1(SCHI3L1)与血清NGAL(SNGAL)是AKI发生的高危因素。ROC曲线显示预测老年创伤患者AKI的发生,SNGAL的AUC为0.819,SCHI3L1的AUC为0.729,SNGAL联合SCHI3L1的AUC为0.834。结论SCHI3L1与SNGAL是老年创伤患者AKI发生的高危因素,两者均可以预测其AKI的发生,以SNGAL的预测作用更明显,联合指标能提高预测准确率。

沉默信息调节因子1激活剂SRT1720减轻大鼠急性颅脑损伤的机制

背景:有研究显示在急性颅脑损伤小鼠模型中,以药物激活沉默信息调节因子1的转录和翻译水平后能明显升高脑组织中沉默信息调节因子1的表达,降低脑组织炎症应激和氧化应激水平,改善神经功能。目的:探讨腹腔注射沉默信息调节因子1激活剂SRT1720减轻大鼠急性颅脑损伤的机制。方法:取90只SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为3组,每组30只:假手术组不造模;模型组、激活剂组建立急性颅脑损伤模型,6 h后假手术组、模型组、激活剂组分别腹腔注射二甲亚砜溶液、二甲亚砜溶液、SRT1720,1次/d,连续注射28 d。设定取材时间点,检测大鼠神经功能、脑组织含水量、脑组织氧化应激与炎症反应、脑组织形态、细胞凋亡与血管新生以及脑组织中沉默信息调节因子1蛋白表达。结果与结论:①注射7,14,28 d时,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠改良神经功能缺损评分、脑组织含水量及细胞凋亡率均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,激活剂组大鼠改良神经功能缺损评分、脑组织含水量及细胞凋亡率均降低(P<0.05);②注射7,14,28 d时,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织中活性氧自由基、髓过氧化物酶水平升高(P<0.05),血清中丙二醛、肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素6水平升高(P<0.05),血清中超氧化物歧化酶水平降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,激活剂组大鼠大鼠脑组织中活性氧自由基、髓过氧化物酶水平降低(P<0.05),血清中丙二醛、肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素6水平降低(P<0.05),血清中超氧化物歧化酶水平升高(P<0.05);③注射7,14,28 d的免疫组化染色显示,模型组大鼠脑组织中新生血管数量多于假手术组(P<0.05),激活剂组大鼠脑组织中新生血管数量多于模型组(P<0.05);注射7,14,28 d的Western blot检测显示,模型组大鼠脑组织中沉默信息调节因子1蛋白表达低于假手术组(P<0.05),激活剂组大鼠脑组织中沉默信息调节因子1蛋白表达高于模型组(P<0.05);注射7,14,28 d的苏木精-伊红染色显示,激活剂组大鼠脑组织损伤程度轻于模型组;④结果表明,腹腔注射SRT1720通过下调急性颅脑损伤大鼠脑组织氧化和炎性应激水平、抑制神经细胞凋亡、促进血管新生来减轻脑组织损伤。

磁共振成像对儿童及青少年急性外伤性髌骨外侧脱位的系列研究

目的:探讨儿童及青少年急性外伤性髌骨外侧脱位的磁共振成像(MRI)表现。方法:回顾性分析2016年7月至2022年4月唐山市第二医院收治的110例急性外伤性髌骨外侧脱位儿童及青少年患儿的患侧与健侧MRI图像。对比分析患儿患侧内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)的撕裂部位与撕裂程度的相关性。按照软骨损伤分级系统(ICRS)将患侧关节软骨损伤分成4级,对比分析关节软骨损伤分级与关节软骨损伤部位的相关性。使用髌骨高度(ISI)、髌滑车指数(PTI)以及Caton-Deschamps指数(CDI)3种髌骨高度测量方法,对比分析患儿患侧膝关节与健侧膝关节髌骨高度的MRI数据差异。结果:110例MPFL损伤患者中部分撕裂73例,完全撕裂37例。MPFL髌骨附着处损伤完全撕裂(22例)与部分撕裂(19例)差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.740,P<0.05),MPFL多发性损伤部分撕裂(40例)与完全撕裂(8例)差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.990,P<0.05);MPFL中间段、股骨起源处损伤部分和完全撕裂比较差异不显著。110例骨软骨损伤中共有病灶162处,按损伤部位分髌骨侧55处,股骨侧33处,多发性损伤74处,骨软骨损伤部位与损伤分级比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=38.153,P<0.05)。儿童及青少年急性外伤性髌骨外侧脱位患儿患侧膝关节ISI、PTI以及CDI均低于健侧(χ^(2)=30.853、12.586、19.656,P<0.05)。结论:儿童及青少年急性外伤性髌骨外侧脱位患儿MPFL的髌骨附着处损伤更容易出现完全撕裂,而多发性损伤更倾向于部分撕裂。患儿关节软骨损伤分级与损伤部位具有相关性。MRI是诊断MPFL损伤的重要方法,为临床治疗提供更多依据。