美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)“突眼症”的病原菌分离鉴定

养殖中患有"突眼症"的美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)的症状表现为眼球白浊、充血、异常增生。从眼球病灶部位分离纯化得到1株优势菌,在TCBS培养基上生长迅速,菌落中部隆起,黄色,有黏性,杆状菌,端生单鞭毛,属于革兰氏阴性菌,定名为CJG01。人工感染实验证实,其对美洲黑石斑鱼有较强的致病性,可引起幼鱼眼球突出、脱落,肌肉溃烂,骨胳外露。解剖感染组的幼鱼发现,患病幼鱼的肝脏、肾脏红肿,脾脏肿大,肠道内有淡黄色液体。其半致死浓度LD50为2.67×10~5 CFU/ml。API 20NE快速鉴定及相关生理生化实验结果显示,菌株CJG01的生长温度为28–37℃,最适温度为28℃,在含盐量为0–5%之间的TSB培养基可生长,对弧菌抑制剂O/129敏感,氧化酶反应阳性,鸟氨酸脱羧酶反应阳性,V-P反应阴性,可同化甘露醇、麦芽糖、苹果酸,不能同化葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、癸酸、已二酸、柠檬酸、苯乙酸等,菌株CJG01的生理生化特性与哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)一致。对病原菌的16S r DNA序列对比分析及系统进化树分析显示,菌株CJG01与哈维氏弧菌序列同源性最高,达99%。药敏实验证实,该菌株对氨苄西林、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、诺氟沙星、青霉素、多粘菌素B、阿奇霉素等药物不敏感,对头孢唑林、恩诺沙星、链霉素、红霉素、克拉霉素等药物中度敏感,对抗生素头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、氟罗沙星、环丙沙星、氯霉素、新生霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、呋喃唑酮、利福平、四环素、米诺环素等种药物敏感。

盐度对条纹锯鮨(Centropristis striata)仔鱼的活力、开口、摄食的影响

观察研究了10个盐度梯度(7、12、17、22、27、32、37、42、47和52)对条纹锯(Centropristis striata)仔鱼的活力、开口和摄食情况的影响,记录分析其在不同盐度条件下不投饵存活系数、开口率、摄食率及摄食强度等指标。结果显示,盐度对条纹锯仔鱼的活力、摄食及存活有明显影响,其存活和摄食的适宜盐度范围为12–37,最适盐度范围为27–32。盐度低于12时,仔鱼存活率、开口率和摄食强度随盐度的降低而降低,盐度高于37时,仔鱼存活率、开口率及摄食强度则随盐度的升高而降低。不同盐度条件下,条纹锯仔鱼SAI值的波动范围为0.034–6.401,盐度为12–37的实验组与7、42、47、52实验组的SAI值存在显著性差异(P<0.05),盐度为32时,仔鱼的SAI值最大,为6.041,SAI值与盐度之间符合三次曲线函数关系,其表达式为y=–5.894+1.155x–0.034x^2+0.000x^3,R^2=0.895,其中,y代表SAI,x代表盐度。盐度为7、42、47和52时,仔鱼的存活率均低于50%,盐度为52、47时,仔鱼在第3、4天存活率分别降为0。盐度为22、27、32时,培育至第5天,仔鱼的存活率均在80%以上。盐度在17–37范围内,仔鱼开口率为60%–85%,且仔鱼均能较好摄食,盐度为32时,仔鱼开口率达到最大值,为85%,仔鱼摄食亦达到最佳状态,摄食率为85%,8日龄仔鱼摄食强度为5.45个轮虫/尾。

Comparative study on the effects of hepatic arterial embolization with Bletilla Striata or gelfom in the treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma

AIMS To study the effect and safety of hepatic arte- rial embolization (HAE) with Bletilla Striata powders of traditional Chinese drug in the treatment of primary hep- atic carcinoma (PHC). METHODS From May 1990 to September 1993,106 patients with PHC were treated by HAE with Bletilla Striata powders (n=56) or gelfoam powders (n=50) respectively under the controlled technical conditions. Authors analyzed the effects and complications in two groups. RESULTS Bletilla Striata powders produced exten- sive permanent proximal embolization of hepatic artery and collateral circulation formed. Intermission of treat- ment was as long as 6-12 months and tumor necrosis and shrinking were obvious. The survival rates of 1,2 and 3 years were 81.9%,44.9% and 33.6% respec- tively and the mean survival time was 19.8 months without serious complications. All clinical effects of Bletilla Striata group were better than those of glfoam group. CONCLUSIONS Bletilla Striata powders are superi- or to gelfoam powders as an angioembolus for hepatic carcinoma.

条纹锯(Centropristis striata)仔、稚、幼鱼形态发育的异速生长模式

采用实验生态学方法对条纹锯仔、稚、幼鱼形态发育的异速生长模式进行研究。对条纹锯(0–80日龄)的可量性状进行测量并运用统计学方法进行分析。结果表明,0–80日龄条纹锯全长的生长符合Y=4.529-(9.227×10-5)X3+0.015X2-0.189X(R2=0.994),干重增长符合Y=0.002X3-0.151X2+3.257X-18.232(R2=0.993),其变化曲线呈"J"型增长。多数功能器官具有异速生长的特性,与摄食、运动相关的功能器官的生长拐点相对较早,在拐点之前,相对于全长呈正异速生长,拐点之后相对于全长呈负异速生长或等速生长。口裂、吻长、眼径、胸鳍、尾鳍的生长拐点分别为20、44、32、36、19日龄,其他相关器官的生长拐点相对较晚,头长、头高、腹长、体高的生长拐点分别为56、37、44、60日龄,其中头长相对于全长在拐点之前呈负异速生长,拐点之后呈等速生长。条纹锯部分功能器官的优先发育保证了在个体发育过程中的早期摄食能力和对敌害的躲避能力的完善,有效地提高了其生存能力。条纹锯异速生长模型的建立,有助于针对性地为其提供适宜条件,从而获得其最适和最大生长效能,为人工繁育和养殖条纹锯提供理论基础。

美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)消化系统胚后发育的组织学观察

通过形态学与连续组织切片的方法,对美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)1–34 d仔鱼消化系统的胚后发育进行系统观察,分析描述鱼体消化道(食道、胃与肠道)以及消化腺(肝脏与胰腺)的发育过程。对1–15 d仔鱼连续取样,每次取样30尾,15 d后隔天取样,每次取样15尾。结果显示,在水温为(24±1)℃、盐度为30–32的条件下,初孵仔鱼卵黄囊体积很大,消化管为封闭的管状结构。美洲黑石斑鱼孵出3 d后,口裂形成、开始摄食,肛门与外界连通,消化道逐渐分化形成食道、胃及肠道,肝脏、胆囊和胰腺也逐渐形成。7 d后,卵黄囊与油球基本消失,食道、胃部以及肠道黏膜褶皱开始形成,消化道黏膜上皮细胞逐渐分化,肝脏出现脂肪颗粒,仔鱼具备了基本的摄食能力。11 d时,仔鱼食道可见黏液细胞,随日龄的增加上皮组织中黏液细胞数量迅速增多,褶皱日益丰富;胃部分化形成贲门部、胃本体与幽门部,胃壁褶皱不断增多、伸长;肝脏血窦与中央静脉明显。20 d时,鱼体胃腺形成,说明胃部消化、吸收蛋白质的能力增强;肠道次级黏膜褶皱出现,肠圈与褶皱更加复杂化;胰脏分布有大量酶原颗粒。32 d时,仔鱼消化道组织结构分明,自腔面向内依次为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层与浆膜层,消化道与消化腺结构和功能逐步完善。仔鱼3–7 d为内源性营养向外源性营养过渡期,应及时提供充足适口的生物饵料,仔鱼20 d后可以逐渐驯化投喂微型配合饲料。

Advances in Tissue Culture Technology of Bletilla striata

The reports about tissue culture technology of Bletilla striata were summa- rized in this paper, and explants for tissue culture, induction differentiation of callus, rooting culture and transplanting, effect of growth regulator and influence of external environment were expounded. This study provides support for further research.

白腰文鸟(Lonchura striata)繁殖行为的观察和雏鸟食性的分析

2005年3-5月,在四川省南充市高校校园内及附近区域对白腰文鸟繁殖期的求偶、选巢址、筑巢、产卵、孵卵、育雏行为进行较为详细的观察.通过繁殖期的行为观察,初步对野外的雌雄鸟作了判别.观察了易卵、易雏时亲鸟的行为变化.将15日龄雏鸟移出巢外,观察了亲鸟的喂雏方式和系列动作.采用扎颈法观察分析雏鸟的食性.

纹地蜂(Andrena striata Wu)采访油茶花的行为观察

油茶是我国一种重要的木本油料树种,大力发展油茶产业对确保我国食用油安全具有重大意义。然而,目前油茶产量偏低,极大制约了油茶产业的发展。花粉限制机制是导致油茶产量较低的重要诱因,解决油茶花期花粉限制机制是大幅提高油茶产量的关键。纹地蜂是油茶的一种重要传粉昆虫,利用纹地蜂授粉对提高油茶产量具有重要的现实意义。本文简要介绍了纹地蜂采访油茶花的行为,以期为解决油茶花期花粉限制机制提供一些思路。

白及多糖单糖组成及其抑制酪氨酸酶动力学机制

该文采用硫酸-苯酚法测定白及多糖含量,通过离子色谱法测定白及多糖单糖组成,使用酶标仪得到白及多糖抑制酪氨酸酶活力系列动力学参数。结果表明,复合酶法提取白及多糖含量为(51.97±1.52)%。离子色谱法得到白及多糖单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸共7种,其单糖组成比例分别为0.17%、0.36%、1.86%、41.81%、54.21%、0.71%和0.88%。白及多糖对酪氨酸酶抑制作用的IC_(50)为59.31 mg/mL,白及多糖可以降低酪氨酸酶反应初速度,表明白及多糖对酪氨酸酶的催化作用存在迟滞影响,且随着白及多糖质量浓度的增加,对酪氨酸酶活力的抑制作用越强,具有剂量依赖性。此外,白及多糖对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用具有可逆性,Lineweaver-Burk双倒数曲线图结果显示,随着白及多糖质量浓度的增加,米氏常数K_(m)值整体逐渐增大,而Vmax值整体逐渐降低,表明白及多糖对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用表现为非竞争性与竞争性混合的抑制类型。

草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、梭鱼(Liza haematocheila)、黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)的营养成分及加工品质比较

本研究对不同养殖环境和食性的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、梭鱼(Liza haematocheila)、黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)的营养成分和加工品质进行了分析比较。对鱼体的解剖测量结果显示,梭鱼头重占体重的比例为17.09%,低于黑石斑鱼和草鱼。对3种鱼的胶原蛋白和氨基酸成分分析结果显示,黑石斑鱼肌肉可溶性与不可溶性胶原蛋白含量均为最高,分别为0.22 mg/ml和2.12 mg/ml,梭鱼含量次之,分别为0.05 mg/ml和0.82 mg/ml。黑石斑鱼的鲜味氨基酸含量最高(44.37%),梭鱼为32.80%,均显著高于草鱼(24.50%)。6种必需氨基酸总含量:草鱼最低,为53.31%,梭鱼为57.14%,黑石斑鱼最高,为62.64%,三者之间差异显著。肌肉脂肪酸检测显示,梭鱼饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量最高,为41.26%(P<0.05);黑石斑鱼多不饱和脂肪酸含量(PUFA)最高,为34.58%(P<0.05)。梭鱼二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的含量为8.27%,与黑石斑鱼(7.85%)无显著差异。黑石斑鱼的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量最高,为13.51%,显著高于草鱼(3.84%)和梭鱼(3.02%)。3种鱼肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力有显著差异,梭鱼最强,黑石斑鱼最弱。丙二醛(MDA)含量检测结果显示,黑石斑鱼的MDA含量为19.98 nmol/mg,显著高于草鱼和梭鱼,草鱼和梭鱼差异不显著,可见梭鱼肌肉抗氧化能力较强,有利于进行长期保存、加工。

The Rapid Propagation and Domestication of Wild Bletilla striata

The research explored rapid multiplication on Bletilla striata and the re- suits showed that the medium of MS＋2.5 mg/L6-BA＋0.2 mg/L NAA performed the best in induction, with induction rate at 98%; the medium with MS＋IAA2.5mg/L＋ 2.5 mg/L6-BA＋2.0 mg/L NAA was the best in terms of induction and multiplication; the medium with 1/2MS＋0.01 mg/L NAA 1＋0.01 mg/L IAA promoted rooting.The harden- ing temperature was the optimal at 23℃-28 ℃ and relative humidity of 80%-90% the best.

温度对美洲黑石斑(Centropristis striata)幼鱼生长和免疫因子活力与相关基因表达的影响

采用温度渐变的方法,研究了18、22、26、30℃共4个温度梯度对美洲黑石斑幼鱼[(73.74±3.76)g]生长及免疫因子活力的影响。结果表明,温度对美洲黑石斑幼鱼的生长和存活均有不同程度的影响。在实验温度范围内,随着温度的升高,美洲黑石斑幼鱼最终体重、特定增长率(SGR)、日增重(DWG)、增重率(GBW)和增长率(GBL)均出现先升高后降低的趋势,且部分温度组间差异显著(P<0.05),其中上述各项指标中,温度22℃组均最高,与温度26℃组差异不显著(P>0.05),而与温度18℃、30℃组存在显著性差异(P<0.05);幼鱼的饲料系数(FCR)随温度升高先降低后升高,且部分温度组间差异显著(P<0.05)。在成活率方面,除温度30℃组的成活率为82.2%,显著低于其他温度组外(P<0.05),其他各温度组成活率均达到90%以上。温度对美洲黑石斑幼免疫相关酶活力和基因表达也存在一定影响。在实验第1 d时,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活力随温度的升高呈逐渐升高的趋势,而在实验第60 d时,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活力随温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,且22℃和26℃组显著高于18℃和30℃组(P<0.05);而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力在实验第1 d时随温度的升高呈先下降后升高的趋势,实验第60 d时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力随温度的升高逐渐上升。温度也影响HSP70和HSP90基因的表达,尽管实验期间各实验组HSP70和HSP90基因的表达变化未呈现明显的规律性,但30℃组HSP70和HSP90的表达量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。从以上结果可见,温度对美洲黑石斑幼鱼的生长和免疫因子活力有一定影响,综合实验鱼的生长和免疫因子实验数据,美洲黑石斑幼鱼最适的生长温度应为22—26℃。

Uropygial gland volatiles may code for olfactory information about sex,individual,and species in Bengalese finches Lonchura striata

Over-shadowed by eye-catching vocal and visual signals, chemical communication has long been overlooked in birds. This study aimed at exploring whether volatile composition of the uropygial gland secretion （UGS） of birds was associated with the information about sex, individual and species. By using dichloromethane extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, we analyzed the UGS volatiles of domesticated Bengalese finches （ Lonchura striata, Estrildiea） which is also known as white-rumped munias. We characterized 16 volatile molecules from the UGS, including eight n-alkanols, five diesters, an ester, an aldehyde and a fatty acid, and quantified them in terms of GC peak area percentages （relative abundances） . Among these compounds, hexadecanol and octadecanol were major components in both sexes. The former was richer in males than in females and the latter richer in females than in males, suggesting that they might be male and female pheromone candidates, respectively. The high inter-individual variations, in relative abundance, of the UGS volatiles implied that these compounds might carry information about individuality. The similarity between GC profiles of the UGS and wing feather from same individuals indicates that the birds might preen the secretion to their feathers to transmit chemical cues. Additionally, by comparing with three sympatric passerine species, i. e., zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata, yellow-bowed buntings Emberiza chrysophrys and rooks Corvus frugilegus, we found that the composition of C13 - C18 alkanols in the UGS might code for information about species. Our study also showed that quantitative differences （degree） of same UGS volatiles might be the key for the Bengalese finch to code for information about sex and individuality whereas both the kind and degree of UGS constituents could be utilized to code for information about species [ Current Zoology 55 （5）： 357-365, 2009].

Antimicrobial Activity of Submerged Culture Extracts from Xylaria striata

[ Objective ] The paper was to explore the antimicmbial activities of extracts from Xylaria striata via submerged culture. [ Methods ] The antibacterial activities of X. striata extracts against 10 kinds of bacteria were determined using Oxford cup method and mJcroplate assay, and the antifungal activities against nine kinds of pathogenic fungi were determined using mycelial growth rate method. [ Results ] The inhibition zone diameters of the mycelium extract against tested bacte- ria ranged from 13.0 to 17.5 mm, and that of the fermentation broth extract ranged from 10.5 to 12.7 ram. Enterobacter cloacae was the most sensitive to both my- celium extract and fermentation broth extract, with the inhibition zone diameters of 17.1 and 12.7 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the mycelium extract and the fermentation broth extract against Fusarium graminearum were the greatest, and the in- hibition rates were 89.88% and 69.53%, respectively. [ Conclusion] X. striata has potential antimicrobial activity and deserves to be further studied.

A New Bibenzyl Derivative from Bletilla striata

A new compound was isolated from Bletilla striata. Its structure was elucidated as 5-hydroxy-4-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-3, 3-dimethoxybibenzyl by spectroscopic method.

Potential effect of striatin(DLBS0333),a bioactive protein fraction isolated from Channa striata for wound treatment

Objective:To characterize proteins and other nutrients in striatin(DLBS0333),a bioactive protein fraction isolated from snakehead fish(Channa striata) and to investigate its wound healing activity.Methods:Proteins and other constituents in striatin were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,two dimension electrophoresis,immunoblotting assay,spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography.The wound healing activity of striatin was studied in vitro using 3T3 fibroblast cells and in vivo using wound-induced animal model.Various parameters related to wound healing process were evaluated.Results:Striatin contained four major bioactive proteins with approximate molecular weight of 8.3,10.9,15.4 and 16.7 kDa.In addition to proteins,striatin also contained amino acids(10 essential and 7 non essential amino acids),fatty acids(palmitic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,arachidonic acid),vitamins(vitamin A,vitamin B_6)and other nutrients(carbohydrate,dietary fiber,biotin,choline,inositol,L-carnitine,selenium) which are potential for wound healing and increasing serum albumin level.Treatment with striatin both in vitro and in vivo indicated that striatin enhanced cell proliferation.Wound-induced animal model treated with striatin showed significantly faster wound healing process,as confirmed by wound size and faster serum albumin level recovery.Although striatin does not contain albumin,this bioactive protein fraction may lead to enhanced albumin synthesis in the liver thereby maintaining the blood albumin level.Thus,consuming striatin is a better option to improve albumin levels in diseased condition and the condition of being injured.Conclusions:Striatin(DLBS0333) is a potential natural compound for accelerating wound healing in conditions such as post surgery and post partum,and increasing albumin level.

Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Effektivittder transarteriellen Chemoembolisation (TACE) unter Einsatz von Bletilla striata

Zusammenfassung： Evaluierung der Effektivitat yon Bletilla striata bei transerteriellen Chemoembolisation （TACE） im Kleintiermodell. Nach subkapsularer Implantation （Tag 0） eines soliden Morris Hepatoms （2 mm^3） bei ACI-Ratten （n=30） wurden am 13. Tag die Tumorvolumina （V1） magnettomographisch bestimmt. Im Anschlu erfolgten nach Laparatomie die retrograde Katheterisierung der Arteria gastroduodenalis und die Anwendung folgender Therapieprotokolle.. （A） TACE （0,1 mg Mitomycin C ＋ 0,1 mL Lipiodol） ＋ Bletilla striata （1,0 mg） （n=10）; （B） TACE （ Bletilla striata （1,0mg） ＋ Ligatur （n=10）;（C） TACE allein （Kontrollgruppe, n=10）. Zur Effektivitatsbeurteilung der unterschiedlichen Therapieprotokolle erfolgte am 28. Tag eine erneute magnettomographische Bestimmung der Tumorvolumina （V2）. Das durchschnittliche Tumorvolumen der Gruppen A, B und C vor und nach interventioneller Therapie betrug 0,0355 cm^3 und 0, 2248 cm^3 , 0,0374 cm^3 und 0,0573 cm^3 sowie 0,0380 cm^3 und 0,3674 cm^3. Das errechnete durchschnittliche Verhaltnis （V2/V1） betrug 6,28, 1,53 sowie 9,14. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe C konnte somit fur Therapiegruppe B eine signifikant （P〈0.01） geringere Tumorvolumenzunahme im Beobachtungszeitraum ermitteh werden, wkhrend zwischen Gruppe A und Gruppe C keine statistisch signifikanten （P〉0.05） Unterschiede im Tumorwachstum festgestelh werden konnten. Das Wachstum der induzierten Lebertumoren konnte unter Behandlung mittels TACE ＋ Bletilla striata ＋Ligatur im Tiermodell statistisch signifikant im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe gehemmt werden. Schlüsselworter： Lebertumor; TACE; Bletilla striata

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Kummerowia striata(Thunb.) Schindl.

The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kummerowia striata(Thunb.)Schindl.,so as to provide reference for the chemical research of natural medicine and the discovery of new drugs.K.striata(Thunb.)Schindl.contains a variety of active constituents,such as flavonoid glycosides,phenols and amino acids,and has a wide range of pharmacological activities,including anti-allergy,analgesia and anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and so on.It is mainly used in the folk for the treatment of cold and fever,summer-heat and dampness,vomiting and diarrhea,dysentery and so on.

Experimentelle Embolisation unterschiedlicher hepatischer Gefaβe beim Hund mit Bletilla striata

Diese vergleichende Untersuchung uber Embolisation differenter hepatischer GefaBe bei Hunden mit Bletilla striata und Gelfoam ergab,d aB letilla striala als Embolisationsmaterial bessere Erfolge zeigt als Gelfoam.Die Mechanismen der Embolisation mit Bletilla striata sind folgende :1)Bletilla striata wird nicht leicht von Geweben absorbiert;2)Bletilla striata bewirkt mechanische Blockierung;3)Bletilla striata beeinflt das Gerinnungssystem und dasAntikoagulationssystem;4)Bletilla siriata kann die Geafwandschadigen und dadurch sekundare Blockierung auslosen.

Antimicrobial peptide hepcidin contributes to host defense of Centropristis striata against Vibrio harveyi challenge

Hepcidins are small cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that play a vital role in immunity against pathogen invasion.Here,a hepcidin(Cshep)from Centropristis striata was described,which is considered as a valuable aquaculture marine species in China.The open reading frame consisted of 273 bp.Eight conserved cysteine residues were identified.Phylogenetic analysis showed that Cshep had a relatively close relationship with the hepcidin from Epinephelus moara.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that Cshep was highly expressed in liver and significantly up-regulated when challenged with Vibrio harveyi.In addition,the synthetic Cshep peptide had a high antimicrobial activity against V.harveyi,but low against other pathogenic bacteria tested in this study.The killing kinetics analysis revealed that Cshep had a fast bactericidal effect on V.harveyi.These results suggested that Cshep may be involved in the immune response of C.striata against V.harveyi infection.