Electromyography biofeedback training for post-stroke dysphagia

Dysphagia is a common complication of ischemic stroke and is usually difficult to treat.The mainstay of standard therapy of post-stroke dysphagia(PSD)is effortful swallowing.Since its introduction in 2004,there is increasing evidence that sur-face electromyography-guided biofeedback training(EMGBT)can enhance the therapeutic effect of standard LE.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Meng et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases,which provided evidence that particularly extensive EMGBT with an increased number of sessions is definitively more effective than the standard speech therapy or or-dinary EMGBT.Among the 90 PSD patients with ischemic stroke or intracerebral bleeding,those who underwent EMGBT in more sessions than usual particularly benefited from the approach.It was concluded that EMGBT is more effective than traditional swallowing training in improving dysphagia and swallowing disor-ders as well as hyoid-laryngeal complex movement speed in PSD patients.

Comprehensive therapeutic effect of the stroke rehabilitation unit in a medium-sized comprehensive community hospital

BACKGROUND： Acute stroke unit （stroke care unit） is developing in some domestic large-sized hospitals, but most stroke patients need stroke rehabilitation unit therapy, so setting stroke rehabilitation unit in medium-sized comprehensive community hospital （secondary hospital）, where medical facility is relatively insufficient, is a new pathway to satisfy stroke patients. OBJECTIVE： To observe the comprehensive effect of developing stroke rehabilitation unit based on the facility of secondary hospital and its feasibility. DESIGN： Non-randomized concurrent controlled observation SETTING： Department of Neurology, Beijing Longfu Hospital PARTICIPANTS： Totally 264 stroke reconvalescents who suffered stroke for 7 days and received treatment in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Longfu Hospital during June 2003 to June 2005 were involved in the study. All the involved patients were confirmed by CT or MRI. The patients were scored by using Modified Edinbergh-Scandinavia stroke scale （SSS） 〉 16 points. Written informed consents were obtained from all the patients. The patients were assigned into 2 groups according to the willing of patients and their relatives： （1）treatment group, in which, there were 134 patients, 76 males and 58 females, aged 43 to 74 years; cerebral infarction was found in 116 cases and cerebral hemorrhage in 18 cases;（2） control group, in which, there were 130 patients, 66 males and 64 females, aged 45 to 77 years, cerebral infarction was found in 115 cases and cerebral hemorrhage in 15 cases. There were significant differences in baseline data of the patients between two groups. METHODS： A same basic treatment was conducted in the patients of the two groups. （1） Patients in the treatment group admitted to stroke rehabilitation unit and received comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. The rehabilitation flow-sheet： randomization-letting the patients of treatment group go into the unit-making comprehensive assessment in the initial stage-making therapy plan-talking with patients and their other family members-general rehabilitation-making metaphase assessment-adjusting therapy plan-making final assessment-letting the patients discharge and doing follow-up visits. （2） The patients in the control group admitted to common wards, and they were encouraged to do activities by themselves in the early stage, but did not receive rehabilitation training under the instructions from professional physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The following assessments were conducted on admission and 7 and 28 days after admission： （1） Severity of stroke and motor function： scored as 0 to 45 points by SSS, the higher points, the severer damage. （2）Activities of daily living： Evaluated by Barthel index, 110 points in total, 110 points meant normal, 0 point meant extremely poor. （3）Mental status： evaluated by Hopkin＇s symptom scale with a 5-point scoring. The symptom was scored with low to high points. （4）Cognitive function： Quantification measurement was conducted with LOTCA method. The higher points, the better therapeutic effects. RESULTS： （1） Three cases dropped out and one died in the treatment group, 11 cases dropped out and 4 died in the control group. （2）The neurologic impairment points on 7 and 28 days after therapy in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group separately [7 days：（9.73±6.43） points vs. （12.63± 7.87） points, t =2.28, P〈 0.05;28 days：（7.88±4.81） points vs. （9.84±7.03）points, t =2.04, P〈 0.05]. Barthel index on 7 and 28 days after therapy in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group separately [7 days：（54.28±8.38） points vs. （39.76±7.31） points, t =2.206, P 〈 0.05; 28 days： （89.72±7.94） points vs. （67.34±8.63） points, t =2.812, P 〈 0.01]. （4） Patients were allocated into different age groups based on age and evaluated with LOTCA. Results showed that there were no significant differences among different age groups （P 〉 0.05）. （5） Totally 160 patients in the two groups accomplished the Hopkin＇s test, among them, 94 （58.7%） had different mental disorders; Among the patients with mental disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety were found mostly, being 53.8%, 52.5% and 46.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION： （1） Developing stroke rehabilitation unit therapy in the secondary hospital can obviously improve the motor function and activities of daily living of stroke reconvalescents. （2） More than half of the stroke reconvalescents accompany the symptoms of depression, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and other mental disorders. （3） The cognitive function of stroke reconvalescents is not related to age.

Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture therapy improves dysphagia after brainstem stroke

Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture therapy has been shown to effectively treat dysphagia after stroke-based pseudobulbar paralysis. We presumed that this therapy would be effective for dysphagia after bulbar paralysis in patients with brainstem infarction. Sixty-four patients with dysphagia following brainstem infarction were recruited and divided into a medulla oblongata infarction group（n = 22）, a midbrain and pons infarction group（n = 16）, and a multiple cerebral infarction group（n = 26） according to their magnetic resonance imaging results. All patients received Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture for 28 days. The main acupoints were Neiguan（PC6）, Renzhong（DU26）, Sanyinjiao（SP6）, Fengchi（GB20）, Wangu（GB12）, and Yifeng（SJ17）. Furthermore, the posterior pharyngeal wall was pricked. Before and after treatment, patient swallowing functions were evaluated with the Kubota Water Test, Fujishima Ichiro Rating Scale, and the Standard Swallowing Assessment. The Barthel Index was also used to evaluate their quality of life. Results showed that after 28 days of treatment, scores on the Kubota Water Test and Standard Swallowing Assessment had decreased, but scores on the Fujishima Ichiro Rating Scale and Barthel Index had increased in each group. The total efficacy rate was 92.2% after treatment, and was most obvious in patients with medulla oblongata infarction（95.9%）. These findings suggest that Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture therapy can repair the connection of upper motor neurons to the medulla oblongata motor nucleus, promote the recovery of brainstem infarction, and improve patient＇s swallowing ability and quality of life.

Application of Cluster Nursing Among Post-Stroke Patients with Dysphagia

Objective:To explore the effect of cluster nursing care among post-stroke patients.Methods:Post-stroke patients with dysphagia(n=72)were randomly divided into two groups:experimental(or intervention)(n=36)the control(n=36).Patients in the experimental group were given cluster care,including swallowing assessment,safe eating guide,swallowing rehabilitation,the establishment of cluster prevention strategy and health education to patients and caregivers.Patients in the control group were given conventional nursing care,and the score of swallowing function,the prevalence of aspiration pneumonia and nursing care satisfactory level in both groups were assessed before and after the intervention.Results:The swallowing function of patients in the two groups were improved after intervention,but patients in the experimental group showed significantly higher improvement than the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,the satisfactory level of nursing management was higher in the experimental group than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Cluster nursing(CN)practice has significantly improved the swallowing function of stroke patients with dysphagia,reduced the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and enhanced the satisfaction of nursing care.

Interaction between Locomotion and Self-Care for Patients with Stroke in Severity Classification Based on the Motor Functional Independence Measure upon Admission to the Recovery Ward

Background: A correlation between self-care and gait in stroke patients has been shown. However, there are few reports suggesting an interaction between self-care and gait. Purpose: To investigate the interaction between locomotion and improvements in self-care. Participants and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 3034 stroke patients who were registered in the Japanese Rehabilitation Database. Using their data, patients were classified into three groups (severe, moderate, slight) based on the motor functional independence measure upon admission, and data were modified as mean-centered values. We performed a correlation analysis to evaluate the relationship among all the collected data. Subsequently, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate interaction using the self-care motor score from the Functional Independent Measure (FIM) as the dependent variable. Model 1 used two independent variables (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and cognitive FIM score), model 2 used two independent variables (locomotion gain and gain of an item with the strongest correlation coefficient to the de-pendent variable), and model 3 used a mean-centering value, which was added to model 2. The simple slope was used for further analysis. Results: Locomotion showed an interaction with self-care, except in the slight group. The R2 changes in models 1 and 2 were significant in the following: grooming, dressing lower body, and bladder management in the severe group (p < 0.01), and only dressing upper body in the moderate group (p < 0.01). Results of the simple slope analysis were significant for grooming, bowel management, and dressing lower body in the severe group and for dressing upper body in the moderate group. Conclusion: Locomotion demonstrated interaction with improving self-care, mainly in the severe group. Therefore, for moderate and slight cases, an intervention that not only involves locomotion training but also focuses on improving activities of daily living should be considered.

Stroke Care in an Australian Rural Private Health Care Setting

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death in Australia. There is a clear benefit in caring for stroke patients in stroke care units. Access to these centres is limited particularly in the rural setting. Certified stroke care units in the private health care setting are also unheard of. The superiority of these units is thought to be due to better adherence to processes of care (early utility of CT scan, allied health input within 24 hours, neurological observations, DVT prophylaxis and appropriate use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant use). We audited care of 100 patients who presented to the St. John of God Hospital (rural private hospital) over a period of 3 years. This included baseline demographics, adherence of processes of care, utility of appropriate investigations, and outcome measures such as discharge destination, level of function at discharge and complication rates. These data were compared with the national stroke report (AuSCR) and adherence to processes of care was compared with the SCOPE study (the first study to establish the benefit of POC). When compared with data from the AuSCR national report 2012, we found a higher mortality rate, an increased rate of disability on discharge, and a mixed adherence to processes of care. We also found a significant proportion of patients (40%) who were eligible to receive thrombolysis but did not. Overall we found that there were significant strengths to be drawn upon in the rural private healthcare setting and a more organised approach could improve outcomes.

What Strategy for a Severe Stroke in Africa: Palliative Care or Unreasonable Obstinacy?

Introduction: Palliative care, firstly used for chronic diseases, is currently indicated for some acute pathology such as Stroke. Its implementation improves the quality of care for end-of-life patients. The aim of our study is to report a series of patients who died in the intensive care stroke unit of Brazzaville. Method: It was a descriptive study of a series of 13 cases of severe stroke, admitted to the intensive care unit of the university hospital of Brazzaville, between January 2015 and December 2017. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and prognostic variables were studied. Result: The mean age of the patients was 46 ± 11.5 years with a male predominance in 69.2% (n = 9). They were all hypertensive. The motor deficit and consciousness disorder association was the reason for admission in 84.6% (n = 11) and an epileptic seizure of 15.4% (n = 2). The mean NIHSS at admission was 21 ± 5, that of Glasgow 6 ± 3. Stroke was hemorrhagic in 84.6% (n = 11) and malignant infarction in 15.4% (n = 2). All of these patients received invasive resuscitation with assisted ventilation and all died within 8 days of admission. Conclusion: The issue of limitation of care deserves to be debated, and is proposed on a case-by-case basis, in the face of a serious stroke. Therapeutic relentlessness is not only expensive, but also raises the problem of suffering of the individual at the end of life.

Research Progress of Swallowing Therapy in Relieving Dysphagia after Stroke

This article summarizes the current rehabilitation treatment methods for dysphagia after stroke,including feeding-swallowing function treatment,acupuncture treatment,neuromuscular electrical stimulation,balloon catheter dilatation,etc.,all of which have many clinical applications,hoping to play a guiding role in future research.

Self-care in stroke patients and the capability of primary caregivers

Stroke rehabilitation, especially for patients with sequelae, lacks practicable rehabilitation training methods. Using the convenience sampling method, self-care ability in 60 stroke patients was investigated for 6 months to 2 years post-stroke （sequelae stage）, as well as the capability of primary caregivers selected from two communities in Shanghai, China. Influential factors were analyzed. Results demonstrated that only 37% of stroke patients exhibited strong self-care ability, and 43% of primary caregivers provided high levels of care. Results also demonstrated that self-care ability in stroke patients, as well as the capability of primary caregivers, should be improved. A total of 47% of stroke patients participated in community rehabilitation training, and self-care ability was significantly better in this group than in patients who did not receive rehabilitation training. Thus it is necessary to develop systematic, individualized, and family-based rehabilitative strategies to improve community rehabilitation training modes and strengthen rehabilitation guidance for patients and caregivers.

揿针联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难的临床观察

【目的】观察揿针联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难的临床疗效。【方法】将2022年2月至2024年2月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇八医院病房及门诊收治的120例脑卒中后吞咽困难患者按随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各60例。2组患者均给予营养神经、改善循环等常规对症支持治疗,对照组给予高频rTMS治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,联合揿针疗法进行治疗。连续治疗4周。治疗1个月后,评价2组临床疗效,观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、功能性经口摄食评价量表(FOIS)评分与标准吞咽功能评定量表(SSA)评分的变化情况,以及血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)的情况。比较2组患者治疗前后吞咽波幅、吞咽时程的变化情况。【结果】(1)研究过程中,观察组无失访,对照组失访8例。最终观察组64例,对照组56例纳入疗效统计。(2)观察组的总有效率为92.19%(59/64),对照组为76.79%(43/56),观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)治疗后,2组患者中医证候积分均明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组在改善中医证候积分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)治疗后,2组患者的FOIS评分、SSA评分明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组在改善FOIS评分、SSA评分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)治疗后,2组患者的吞咽波幅、吞咽时程明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组在改善吞咽波幅、吞咽时程方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(6)治疗后,2组患者的TP、ALB、Hb水平明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组在改善TP、ALB、Hb水平方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】揿针联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难,能明显缩短患者的吞咽时程,增大吞咽波幅,从而改善患者的吞咽功能,提高患者的生活质量,临床疗效显著。

针药结合配合康复功能训练在脑卒中后吞咽障碍中的应用

目的探讨针药结合配合康复功能训练在脑卒中后吞咽障碍中的应用效果。方法选取2022年3月—2024年2月潍坊市益都中心医院收治的60例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各30例。对照组仅接受康复功能训练,观察组接受针药结合配合康复功能训练。比较两组的吞咽功能、表面肌电图参数、食物下咽情况、日常生活质量和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,观察组的吞咽功能、表面肌电图参数、食物下咽情况、日常生活质量均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗过程中,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针药结合配合康复功能训练在脑卒中后吞咽障碍中的应用效果显著,且安全性较好。

基于健康赋权的脑卒中吞咽障碍患者过渡期护理方案的构建

目的构建基于健康赋权的脑卒中吞咽障碍患者过渡期护理方案,为脑卒中患者的过渡期护理提供参考。方法以健康赋权为理论框架,通过文献分析法和半结构式访谈法构建脑卒中吞咽障碍患者过渡期护理方案初稿。运用德尔菲专家函询法完善并确立最终方案。结果本研究共纳入15名函询专家,2轮函询问卷有效回收率分别为86.67%、100%,专家权威系数分别为0.906、0.910,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.235、0.320,最终构建的脑卒中吞咽障碍患者过渡期护理方案包括5个一级指标,11个二级指标和24个三级指标。结论以健康赋权为理论基础构建的脑卒中吞咽障碍患者过渡期护理方案具有科学性和可靠性,内容全面且有较好的临床实用性。

中医适宜技术治疗脑卒中后偏瘫的循证临床实践指南

脑卒中是成年人死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。中医适宜技术在脑卒中后偏瘫的康复治疗中广泛应用,然而尚缺乏系统的、高质量的循证指南来指导这些实践。本指南根据《世界卫生组织指南制订手册》和《中西医结合诊疗指南制订手册》制定,遵循卫生保健实践指南的报告要求,并参照推荐分级的评估、制定与评价系统对证据质量及推荐强度进行分级。本指南组建了包括5个小组在内的跨学科工作团队,通过问卷、面对面专家会议和问题解构方法来选择指南中需要回答的关键临床问题。从25个关键问题中筛选出10个进行研究。基于系统评价的结果,考虑到证据的优缺点、干预成本、证据质量、患者偏好及价值观、多学科专家的反馈和共识,本指南提出了20条关于中医适宜技术在脑卒中后偏瘫康复治疗中应用的推荐意见。本指南主要面向中国各级医院和康复机构的医务工作者,专注于中医适宜技术在脑卒中后偏瘫康复治疗中的临床应用。

集束化护理在高依赖病房脑卒中后肩手综合征患者康复中的作用

目的:探讨集束化护理在高依赖病房(high dependency unit,HDUs)脑卒中后肩手综合征(SHSAS)患者康复中的作用。方法:收集2021年8月至2023年1月收治的SHSAS患者50例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各25例。对照组采取常规康复护理,观察组实施集束化HDUs康复护理,两组均干预4周。比较两组肩部疼痛、手部肿胀、临床干预效果、上肢功能和日常生活能力。结果:两组干预前肩部疼痛、手部肿胀、上肢功能和日常生活能力比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组干预后视觉模拟评分低于对照组,患手肿胀体积小于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗有效率为96%(24/25),高于对照组的76%(19/25,P<0.05)。观察组干预后上肢简化运动功能量表评分高于对照组,日常生活能力量表评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:集束化HDUs康复护理可促进患者上肢功能恢复,提升患者日常生活能力。

头皮针留针配合康复治疗对中风后吞咽困难的临床分析

目的 探究头皮针留针配合康复治疗对中风后吞咽困难的临床效果。方法 简单随机选取2022年4月—2023年4月于福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院与康复医院门诊及住院部诊断为中风后吞咽困难患者60例为研究对象,依据随机数表法分配法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组采用吞咽障碍现代康复治疗;观察组采用头皮针留针时行吞咽障碍现代康复治疗。比较两组治疗前后的标准吞咽功能评价量表评分(Standardized Swallowing Assessment,SSA)、洼田饮水试验评分(Water Swallow Test,WST)及治疗总有效率。结果 与治疗前相比,治疗4周后,对照组和观察组WST、SSA评分均下降,观察组的WST、SSA评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),对照组总有效率为73.33%(22/30),低于观察组的93.33%(28/30),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.320,P<0.05)。结论 在头皮针留针时行吞咽康复治疗训练可改善中风后吞咽困难患者的吞咽功能,临床疗效显著。

基于认知-行为的多层次护理对卒中后抑郁的效果影响

目的探讨基于认知-行为的多层次护理干预对卒中后抑郁(post-stroke depression,PSD)的效果影响。方法选择武汉科技大学附属天佑医院神经内科2019年1月—2023年1月住院的110例PSD患者作为研究对象,对上述患者入院的前后顺序进行标号,随机分为2组,对照组(n=55)予以常规护理措施干预,在此基础上观察组(n=55)予以基于认知-行为的多层次护理干预。2组患者干预前和干预后1个月,分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)、简易精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、Barthel指数(barthel index,BI)、生活质量综合评定问卷-74(generic quality of life inventory 74,GQOLI-74)评估患者的精神症状、认知状况、日常生活能力、生活质量。结果与观察组护理干预前和对照组干预后比较,观察组护理干预后HAMD(16.01±1.97)分、HAMA(14.37±1.48)分均明显降低(P<0.05);观察组护理干预后MMSE(28.74±3.16分)、BI(83.09±7.81分)及生活质量评分均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论基于认知-行为的多层次护理干预可明显改善PSD患者的精神症状、认知状况及日常生活能力,同时生活质量也得到明显地提高。

卧位康复训练联合肠内营养干预在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中的应用效果

目的探讨卧位康复训练联合肠内营养干预对脑卒中吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能及营养状态的影响。方法选取华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院收治的88例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者作为研究对象并开展回顾性分析,入组时间为2021年3月至2022年4月,根据不同的护理模式分为观察组(44例)和对照组(44例)。对照组给予肠内营养干预,观察组加用卧位康复训练。比较2组的洼田饮水试验(WST)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、D-乳酸(D-LA)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平。结果干预2周和1个月后,观察组的WST评分、NIHSS评分,以及D-LA、DAO水平与对照组比较均更低,Hb、ALB、IGF-1、VEGF水平与对照组比较均更高;2组的上述指标和评分均比干预前更优,组内和组间比较均有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。结论卧位康复训练联合肠内营养干预能够有效改善脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能和胃肠道屏障功能,提升机体营养状态,促进神经功能恢复。

医护治一体化康复模式在脑卒中气管切开患者肺康复中的应用

目的探讨医护治一体化康复模式在脑卒中气管切开患者肺康复中的应用效果。方法选取2021年7月1日至2022年6月31日康复医学科收治的脑卒中气管切开患者48例作为研究对象,其中2021年12月31日之前收治的24例作为对照组,之后收治的24例作为试验组。两组患者均给予康复医学科常规康复干预措施,试验组在此基础上进行医护治一体化康复模式管理,观察时间均为4周。两组患者在入院当天及护理干预4周后分别测定用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、呼气峰值流速(PEF),膈肌厚度及移动度,比较两组患者护理干预4周后肺部感染发生率、抗菌药物使用时间、气管套管拔管率及出院时的满意度。结果两组患者护理干预4周后FVC、FEV1、PEF、膈肌厚度和膈肌平静呼吸移动度均大于入院当天,P<0.05或<0.01;且试验组护理干预4周后的FVC、FEV1、PEF、膈肌厚度和膈肌平静呼吸移动度均大于对照组,P<0.05。护理干预4周后,与对照组比较,试验组肺部感染发生率降低,P<0.05,抗菌药物使用时间缩短,P<0.01。试验组出院当天满意度(91.7%)高于对照组满意度(83.3%),但差异无统计学意义。结论医护治一体化康复模式能有效改善脑卒中气管切开患者的肺功能,降低肺部感染发生率,从而提高患者生活质量,康复干预效果满意,患者满意度高。

脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者“互联网+延续护理”实施障碍的质性研究

目的了解脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者“互联网+延续护理”实施障碍因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法以理论域框架为指导制定访谈提纲,对25名医护技人员进行半结构式访谈,运用主题分析法分析资料、提炼主题(障碍因素)。结果提炼出医护技人员缺乏劳动价值获得感、缺乏自我效能感,患者吞咽障碍康复行为欠佳等14个主题(障碍因素),分别归属为社会/职业角色和身份,能力信念,记忆、注意力与决策过程,环境与资源以及社会影响5个理论域。结论脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者“互联网+延续护理”实施的障碍因素较多,应针对障碍因素进行干预,创造有利条件为患者提供持续的高品质康复护理。

高频经颅磁刺激联合康复训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者表面肌电图的影响

目的探讨高频经颅磁刺激(TMS)联合康复训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者表面肌电图(sEMG)的影响。方法选取南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院神经内科2022年1月~2023年1月收治的脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者100例,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各50例。对照组给予常规吞咽康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上联合高频TMS治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效;评估两组患者洼田饮水试验等级以及标准吞咽功能评定量表(SSA)和吞咽障碍严重度评估量表(DOSS)评分;检测两组患者舌骨上、下肌群最大波幅值及吞咽时程;评估两组患者吞咽生存质量问卷(SWAL-QOL)评分。结果观察组总有效率96.00%显著高于对照组82.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.005,P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者洼水试验评估等级改善显著优于治疗前,且观察组改善显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=4.157,P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者SSA评分低于治疗前,DOSS评分高于治疗前,且观察组SSA评分低于对照组,DOSS评分高于对照组[(23.15±3.51)分vs.(28.21±4.59)分、(6.11±0.78)分vs.(5.16±0.89)分],差异有统计学意义(t=6.192、5.676,P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者舌骨上、下肌群最大波幅值均显著高于治疗前,吞咽时程短于治疗前,且观察组治疗后舌骨上、下肌群最大波幅值均显著高于对照组,吞咽时程短于对照组[(752.46±94.56)μg vs.(605.45±65.48)μg、(732.12±82.15)μg vs.(594.56±55.89)μg、(1.83±0.42)s vs.(2.15±0.62)s、(1.87±0.41)s vs.(2.32±0.54)s],差异有统计学意义(t=9.038、9.790、3.022、4.693,P<0.05);两组治疗后SWAL-QOL评分显著高于治疗前,且观察组显著高于对照组[(185.45±14.41)分vs.(164.45±15.21)分],差异有统计学意义(t=26.258,P<0.05)。结论高频振幅值增加可促进脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者大脑神经元兴奋性增加,致使其引起更多神经元发放行动电位,促进神经元之间的连接和信息传递,不仅可有效改善患者临床症状以及吞咽功能,还能改善其舌骨上、下肌群最大波幅值、吞咽时程以及生活质量。