Outcome assessment of stroke convalescence using multiple scales based on different dimensions

BACKGROUND: Convalescence is an important stage of stroke treatment. A lot of patients have somatic and mental disorders at various degrees. The primary standard can only reflect partial conditions of somatic disorder; in addition, multiple dimensions of patients at the phase of stroke convalescence are further observed by using a lot of standards, such as signs and symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine, daily activity and psychological status. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcome assessments of the cases of stroke convalescence measured with different criteria consisting of various dimensions by a cross-sectional investigation of the condition of stroke convalescent patients. DESIGN: Scale evaluation. SETTING: Departments of Clinical Epidemiology Exploratory Development and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; National Center for Training of Design, Measurement and Evaluation in Clinical Research,Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 194 stroke convalescent patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 26, 2000 to February 28, 2001 were taken as subjects of the study. There were 126 males and 68 females aged from 40 to 89 years, and the illness course ranged from 14 to 181 days. All patients met diagnosis-treatment criteria of stroke (the second version)[DTCS(V2.0)] and various kinds of diagnostic points of cerebrovascular diseases; moreover, all patients provided confirmed consents. METHODS: They were assessed by assessment methods including the following assessment instruments: DTCS(V2.0), self-designed scale of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms (28 symptoms and physical signs were scored as 0, 1, 2 marks from none to severity), modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale (a total of 45 marks, 0 to 15 marks as mild defect, 16 to 30 as moderate defect, 31 to 45 as severe defect), modified Barthel activities of daily life (ADL) index (a total of 100 marks, less than 60 marks as unable self-care), vitality and mental health (subscales derived from Health Survey Questionnaire, SF-36). The collected data from scales and inter-scale correlation were processed by the statistic methods mainly including descriptive analysis, Spearmen correlation analysis, factor analysis, etc. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Average scores of scales and criteria; ② correlation between modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale and other scales. RESULTS: All of the patients completed the assessment, and analyzed in the final analysis. ① The average scores of the scales and criteria: The average scores of DTCS(V2.0), self-designed scale of TCM symptoms, modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale, modified Barthel ADL index, vitality and mental health scales were 6.51±6.29, 13.73±6.97, 7.56±7.35, 63.58±23.68, 52.79±23.32 and 62.83±22.75 respectively. ② Correlation between modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale and other scales: The Spearman correlation coefficients (R ’) of modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale with diagnosis-treatment criteria of stroke, scales of TCM symptoms, modified Barthel ADL index, vitality scale and mental health scale were 20.885, 0.302, -0.824, -0.294 and -0.258 respectively. CONCLUSION: The modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale and DTCS(V2.0) shared the same assessment dimension, so they can be mutually alternated in some clinical practices. Discrepancy in measurements of health status was gained due to the diverse dimensions applied in outcome assessments. It is necessary to build up a multi-dimensional assessment criteria system, such as signs and symptoms, daily activities and psychological status, for assessing the stroke convalescent cases in a more comprehensive scope and reflecting the efficacy of TCM treatment scientifically.

Study of acute stroke clinical measuring scale

Objective To explore the possibility of diagnosis types of acute stroke, elevating treatment quality and promoting prognosis with acute stroke clinical measuring scale . Methods To gain a measuring scale formula and simplify this formula after stepwise regression Fisher distinguish analysis to 18 clinical variable of 184 acute stroke patients and to validate its sensitivity, specificity and positive foretell value to diagnosis of acute stroke. Results We gained scale that Y=0.617×action+0.485×BP+1.241×headache+0.74×vomiting+0.955×cervical resistance-1.215×TIA-0.727×heart disease-2.78;sensitivity of this formula to diagnosis of cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage was 90.5%and 70%respectively,its specificity was 70%and 90.5%respectively,positive foretell value was 71.7%and 89.7%(Y≥0 means cerebral hemorrhage,Y<0 means cerebral infarction). Simple formula is S=0.5×action+0.5×BP+1×headache+1×vomiting+1×cervical resistance-1×TIA-1×hear disease-3;its sensitivity was 89.3%and 68%,specificity was 68%and 89.3%,positive foretell value was 70.1%and 88.3%.There was no apparent difference in sensitivity; specificity and positive foretell value between two formulas. Conclusion Acute stroke clinical measuring scale can help early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of cerebral stroke patients.

Relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid and total antioxidants in peripheral blood with insomnia after stroke： study protocol for a prospective non-randomized controlled trial

Melatonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid（GABA） have been shown to regulate sleep. The nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants may relate to insomnia in stroke patients. In this prospective single-center non-randomized controlled clinical trial performed in the China Rehabilitation Research Center, we analyzed the relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants with insomnia after stroke. Patients during rehabilitation of stroke were recruited and assigned to the insomnia group or non-insomnia group. Simultaneously, persons without stroke or insomnia served as normal controls. Each group contained 25 cases. The primary outcome was nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants in peripheral blood. The secondary outcomes were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire（Chinese version）, and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. The relationship of nocturnal concentrations of melatonin, GABA and total antioxidants with insomnia after stroke was analyzed and showed that they were lower in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. The severity of stroke was higher in the insomnia group than in the non-insomnia group. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the nocturnal concentrations of melatonin and GABA were associated with insomnia after stroke. This trial was registered at Clinical Trials.gov, identifier： NCT03202121.

Leukoaraiosis is associated with clinical symptom severity,poor neurological function prognosis and stroke recurrence in mild intracerebral hemorrhage:a prospective multi-center cohort study

Leukoaraiosis(LA)results from ischemic injury in small cerebral vessels,which may be attributable to decreased vascular density,reduced cerebrovascular angiogenesis,decreased cerebral blood flow,or microcirculatory dysfunction in the brain.In this study,we enrolled 357 patients with mild intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)from five hospitals in China and analyzed the relationships between LA and clinical symptom severity at admission,neurological function prognosis at 3 months,and 1-year stroke recurrence.Patients were divided into groups based on Fazekas scale scores:no LA(n=83),mild LA(n=64),moderate LA(n=98)and severe LA(n=112).More severe LA,larger hematoma volume,and higher blood glucose level at admission were associated with more severe neurological deficit.More severe LA,older age and larger hematoma volume were associated with worse neurological function prognosis at 3 months.In addition,moderate-to-severe LA,admission glucose and symptom-free cerebral infarction were associated with 1-year stroke recurrence.These findings suggest that LA severity may be a potential marker of individual ICH vulnerability,which can be characterized by poor tolerance to intracerebral attack or poor recovery ability after ICH.Evaluating LA severity in patients with mild ICH may help neurologists to optimize treatment protocols.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University(approval No.12)on March 10,2011.

Efficacy of Guhong injection versus Butylphthalide injection for mild ischemic stroke: A multicenter controlled study

BACKGROUND Most studies on Guhong injection have involved a single center with a small sample size,and the level of clinical evidence is low.AIM To assess the safety and efficacy of Guhong injection for mild ischemic stroke(IS).METHODS A total of 399 IS patients treated at six hospitals from August 2018 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were given Guhong injection(experimental group)or Butylphthalide injection(control group).Changes in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and modified Rankin Scale(mRS)scores were observed before treatment and at 1,2,and 3 wk after treatment in each group.The efficacy and safety of Guhong injection for IS were assessed.Other medications taken by the patients were confounding factors for efficacy assessment.These factors were controlled by propensity score matching,and the results were further analyzed based on the matching.RESULTS The marked response rates at three follow-up visits were 64.64%,74.7%,and 66.7%in the experimental group,and 48.26%,45.4%,and 22.2%in the control group.The marked response rates increased significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group(P<0.05).The overall response rate at the first visit(days 7±2)did not differ significantly between the two groups,but differed significantly at the second(days 14±2)and third visits(days 21±3)(P<0.05).The proportion of patients without any symptoms in the experimental group was significant different at the first visit(P<0.05),but not significantly different at the second visit.The two groups showed no significant difference in the baseline distribution of mRS scores.At the first and second visits,the change in mRS scores was-2 and-1 in the experimental and control groups,respectively,which were significantly different(P<0.05).After propensity score matching,the overall response rate and marked response rate were 97.29%and 100%in the experimental group(P>0.05)and 64.0%and 47.7%in the control group(P<0.05)at the first visit,respectively.The decreased NIHSS scores in the two groups were significant different(P<0.05).The overall response rate and marked response rate differed significantly between the two groups at the second visit(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.No severe adverse events occurred in either group.CONCLUSION Guhong injection is safe and more effective than Butylphthalide injection for treatment of IS.

城市复杂道路网的Stroke生成方法

传统连接stroke的方法在处理表达较为详细的城市道路网数据时,会产生双行道分离和环岛处截断等错误。为能够在城市复杂道路网中正确生成stroke,针对道路网中的双行道和道路交叉口模式提出一种新的stroke生成方法。该方法采用道路街区几何形态分析、基于连通关系的层次聚类等算法自动识别出道路网中的双行道和道路交叉口模式,并使用穷举stroke配对组合算法连接截断的stroke,从而保证stroke的连续性。以武汉市NAVIN-FOTM导航电子地图数据为例验证该方法的实用性,生成的stroke符合stroke感知归组原则中平滑连贯的要求。

Cell-free mitochondrial DNA quantification in ischemic stroke patients for non-invasive and real-time monitoring of disease status

BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is one of the major causes of the continuous increasing rate of global mortality due to the lack of timely diagnosis,prognosis,and management.This study provides a primitive platform for non-invasive and cost-effective diagnosis and prognosis of patients with AIS using circulating cellfree mitochondrial DNA(cf-mtDNA)quantification and validation.AIM To evaluate the role of cf-mtDNA as s non-invasive,and affordable tool for realtime monitoring and prognosticating AIS patients at disease onset and during treatment.METHODS This study enrolled 88 participants including 44 patients with AIS and 44 healthy controls with almost similar mean age group at stroke onset,and at 24 h and 72 h of treatment.Peripheral blood samples were collected from each study participant and plasma was separated using centrifugation.The cf-mtDNA concentration was quantified using nanodrop reading and validated through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1(ND1)relative transcript expression levels.RESULTS Comparative analysis of cf-mtDNA concentration in patients at disease onset showed significantly increased levels compared to control individuals for both nanodrop reading,as well as ND1 relative expression levels(P<0.0001).Intergroup analysis of cf-mtDNA concentration using nanodrop showed significantly reduced levels in patients at 72 h of treatment compared to onset(P<0.01).However,RT-qPCR analysis showed a significant reduction at 24 h and 72 h of treatment compared to the disease onset(P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity were relatively higher for RT-qPCR than nanodrop-based cfmtDNA quantification.Correlation analysis of both cf-mtDNA concentration as well as ND1 relative expression with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline showed a positive trend.CONCLUSION In summary,quantitative estimation of highly pure cf-mtDNA provides a simple,highly sensitive and specific,non-invasive,and affordable approach for real-time monitoring and prognosticating AIS patients at onset and during treatment.

Computed tomography perfusion and computed tomography angiography for prediction of clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients after thrombolysis

Cerebral blood perfusion and cerebrovascular lesions are important factors that can affect the therapeutic efficacy of thrombolysis.At present,the majority of studies focus on assessing the accuracy of lesion location using imaging methods before treatment,with less attention to predictions of outcomes after thrombolysis.Thus,in the present study,we assessed the efficacy of combined computed tomography（CT） perfusion and CT angiography in predicting clinical outcomes after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients.The study included 52 patients who received both CT perfusion and CT angiography.Patients were grouped based on the following criteria to compare clinical outcomes：（1） thrombolytic and non-thrombolytic patients,（2） thrombolytic patients with CT angiography showing the presence or absence of a vascular stenosis,（3） thrombolytic patients with CT perfusion showing the presence or absence of hemodynamic mismatch,and（4） different CT angiography and CT perfusion results.Short-term outcome was assessed by the 24-hour National Institution of Health Stroke Scale score change.Long-term outcome was assessed by the 3-month modified Rankin Scale score.Of 52 ischemic stroke patients,29 were treated with thrombolysis and exhibited improved short-term outcomes compared with those without thrombolysis treatment（23 patients）.Patients with both vascular stenosis and blood flow mismatch（13 patients） exhibited the best short-term outcome,while there was no correlation of long-term outcome with CT angiography or CT perfusion findings.These data suggest that combined CT perfusion and CT angiography are useful for predicting short-term outcome,but not long-term outcome,after thrombolysis.

Adaptation of real earthquake records for their reproduction by a shaking table with limited stroke

Shaking tables with moving platforms are widely used in laboratory testing of structural models and full-sized devices. In most cases, the platform＇s movement should reproduce real ground acceleration records. However, the stroke of the platform, required for reproduction of real records, is usually rather large. This limitation does not allow an accurate realization of the ground motion by the shaking table. Commonly, in order to overcome this problem, original records are modified, which causes a significant change in the acceleration records＇ spectra. That is why structural responses to the original and to the modified records are different. A new method for modification of original acceleration records is proposed, in which the original record is corrected by an additional artificial one that changes the shaking platform＇s displacement. The corrected record is obtained as a sequence of impulses, The magnitude and duration of each impulse, as well as their location on the time scale, are obtained by an optimization procedure. The optimization is implemented according to a performance index, aimed to minimize the influence of the correcting acceleration record on the specmam of the original one. The proposed method has higher reproduction accuracy, compared to other known methods. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by comparison of response spectra and dynamic behaviors of three multi-story structures subjected to natural and modified seismic excitations.

Dry needling at myofascial trigger points mitigates chronic post-stroke shoulder spasticity

Post-stroke spasticity is associated with restriction in the range of motion of the shoulder.Reducing muscular dystrophy may help relieve muscular dysfunction in patients with post-stroke shoulder spasticity.Dry needle therapy is a method of needling the trigger points using a syringe needle without the use of a drug.Dry needle therapy is commonly used for pain at the shoulder,neck,waist,and back.In this case study,a 62-year-old male patient affected with cerebral hemorrhage of the right frontal lobe had received rehabilitative treatment for 12 years.However,he still experienced shoulder spasticity.The patient received daily dry needling at the trigger points of infraspinatus,teres minor,posterior deltoid,and pectoralis major on 9 days.After the first and ninth treatment,the Modified Ashworth Scale and the passive range of motion of the shoulder was used to assess the effect of the treatment.The spasticity and range of motion of the shoulder showed obvious improvement.These results indicate that dry needling at the myofascial trigger points can effectively treat chronic poststroke shoulder spasticity.

缺血性脑卒中患者院内合并肺部感染的影响因素分析

目的分析缺血性脑卒中患者院内合并肺部感染的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2020年3月至2022年2月期间在南通市第三人民医院治疗的214例缺血性脑卒中患者病历资料。根据《中国成人医院获得性肺炎与呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断和治疗指南》分组,未合并肺部感染患者作为对照组(n=104),合并肺部感染患者作为观察组(n=110)。对患者性别、年龄、发病至入院时间、合并基础疾病、鼻饲饮食、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分、气管插管、呼吸机辅助通气等临床资料进行调查,分析缺血性脑卒中患者合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果观察组男56例,女54例,年龄(73.59±8.21)岁;对照组男45例,女59例,年龄(65.32±5.62)岁。单因素分析结果显示,观察组患者年龄、鼻饲饮食、NIHSS评分、GCS评分、是否气管插管、是否呼吸机辅助通气与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.511、χ^(2)=11.622、t=5.721、t=4.282、χ^(2)=6.868、χ^(2)=6.145,P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,鼻饲饮食(OR=5.447,95%CI:2.477~11.976)、NIHSS评分(OR=8.339,95%CI:2.598~26.768)、GCS评分(OR=7.660,95%CI:3.369~17.413)、气管插管(OR=6.184,95%CI:2.447~15.628)、呼吸机辅助通气(OR=4.302,95%CI:1.830~10.110)是缺血性脑卒中患者合并肺部感染的独立危险因素。结论鼻饲饮食、病情严重程度、意识障碍、气管插管及呼吸机辅助通气是导致缺血性脑卒中患者发生肺部感染的独立危险因素,因此在患者入院时应及时评估,有针对性地实施预防措施。

五种院前卒中筛查量表对院内急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中的预测价值

目的探讨并分析5种院前卒中筛查量表对院内急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中的预测价值。方法回顾性纳入2015年1月—2022年12月,因非卒中相关疾病收入东台市人民医院并在住院期间因疑似卒中症状激活院内卒中绿色通道的所有患者。采用ROC曲线评估筛查量表对院内急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中的预测价值。5种筛查量表分别为卒中现场评估和分类转运量表(field assessment stroke triage for emergency destination,FAST-ED)、快速动脉闭塞评估量表(rapid arterial occlusion evaluation,RACE)、洛杉矶运动量表(Los Angeles motor scale,LAMS)、辛辛那提院前卒中严重程度量表(Cincinnati prehospital stroke severity scale,CPSSS)和院前急性卒中严重程度量表(prehospital acute stroke severity scale,PASS)。结果本研究共纳入174例患者,其中54例(31.0%)患者诊断为急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中。RACE(AUC 0.888,95%CI 0.849~0.928)和LAMS(AUC 0.859,95%CI 0.812~0.905)对急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中的预测效能最高,其次是FAST-ED(AUC 0.820,95%CI 0.768~0.872)、CPSSS(AUC 0.810,95%CI 0.756~0.863)和PASS(AUC 0.786,95%CI 0.727~0.844),三者之间差异无统计学意义。结论院前卒中筛查量表在预测院内急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中方面均显示出良好的预测能力,其中RACE和LAMS的预测效能最高。

基于真实世界研究中风合剂治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床研究

目的基于真实世界临床数据观察中风合剂治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性研究方法,纳入急性缺血性脑卒中住院患者395例。根据患者是否服用中风合剂治疗,分为服用中风合剂的治疗组和未服用中风合剂的对照组,比较两组患者治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分变化,评估中风合剂治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。结果两组患者基线均衡可比(P>0.05)。治疗组治疗后NIHSS评分较治疗前下降(P<0.05)。治疗组有效率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在轻度、中度、重度神经功能缺损患者中,服用中风合剂的治疗组有效率均显著高于未服用中风合剂的对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。亚组分析,男性患者中,治疗组有效率为47.00%,显著高于对照组的23.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但是在女性患者中,有效率在两组之间的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在合并高血压的缺血性脑卒中患者中,治疗组有效率(49.47%)显著高于对照组(23.19%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在无合并高血压病患者中,治疗组与对照组有效率分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在合并糖尿病的缺血性脑卒中患者中,治疗组有效率(39.74%)显著高于对照组(15.38%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);无合并糖尿病的患者中,治疗组有效率(50.00%)亦显著高于对照组(28.40%),差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论真实世界临床实践中服用中风合剂能够有效改善急性缺血性脑卒中患者的神经功能缺损情况,提高临床疗效。

急性脑梗死患者不同性质颈动脉粥样斑块及预后的sdLDL-C、Lp-PLA2水平观察

目的 观察急性脑梗死(ACI)患者的小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(sdLDL-C)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平,探讨其与颈动脉粥样斑块稳定性的关系,以期为早期识别和改善患者预后提供思路。方法 依据颈部血管超声检查粥样斑块性质结果,164例急性脑梗死患者(观察组)中无粥样斑块者49例、稳定粥样斑块者58例、不稳定粥样斑块者57例,以47例健康体检者为对照,比较2组的同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、sdLDL-C、Lp-PLA2表达水平。统计患者入院时的美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)得分,随访患者发病30 d的预后情况,并分析影响ACI预后的相关因素。结果 脑梗死患者的空腹血糖、甘油三酯、sdLDL-C/LDL-C、sdLDL-C/TC、Lp-PLA2水平均高于对照组,HDL-C水平低于对照组;有粥样斑块者的Hcy、sdLDL-C水平高于无粥样斑块者及对照组;不稳定粥样斑块者的TC、LDL-C水平高于无粥样斑块者及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良组的不稳定粥样斑块发现率(45.78%)高于预后良好组(23.46%),入院时NIHSS评分及血糖、sdLDL-C、sdLDL-C/LDL-C、sdLDL-C/TC、Lp-PLA2水平均高于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 sdLDL-C、Lp-PLA2水平与急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样斑块的稳定性密切相关,对预后判断有积极意义。

脑卒中患者营养风险筛查工具的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制适用于脑卒中患者的营养风险筛查工具并对其信效度进行检验,为临床评估脑卒中患者潜在营养风险提供参考。方法:通过文献归纳总结、研究小组讨论和德尔菲法专家函询编制脑卒中患者营养风险评估量表。采用便利抽样法,选取2022年6月—2023年4月于安阳市人民医院住院的170例脑卒中患者作为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查,并对量表的信效度进行检验。结果:脑卒中患者营养风险评估量表内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.925,各条目内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.841~1.000。经探索性因子分析共提取出营养状态、认知水平、行为能力及知识获取4个公因子,其共解释方差变异值为55.897%。量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.819,各维度Cronbach’s α系数为0.798~0.856,重测信度为r=0.716,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:编制的脑卒中患者营养风险评估量表具备较好的信效度,可以较为全面地评估脑卒中患者营养风险。

Risk Factors and Outcome of Overt Stroke in Sickle Cell Patients Admitted in Two Reference Hospitals in Yaounde and Douala

Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) as of 2016 was estimated at 2%;that is 300,000 births annually. This study was focused on homozygous sickle cell disease which leads to several complications notably hemolytic crises, aplastic crises and vaso-occlusive crises like stroke. Sickle cell disease is the most common cause of childhood stroke. Stroke occurs in 17% - 24% of sickle cell children worldwide. Objectives: To determine the risk factors for overt stroke and outcome at discharge in sickle cell disease patients admitted in two reference hospitals in Cameroon. Method: This was a case-control study in two reference hospitals in Yaounde and Douala, carried out over the duration of 4 months, covering a 5-year period (December 2013 to December 2018). Included in the study, were all homozygous sickle cell children aged 6 months to 16 years during that period with or without stroke. A total of 1734 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Out of these, 49 stroke patients participated and 687 were selected as controls. Data was collected from the patients’ files and books on a pretested data collection form, then entered in the software C.S Pro 7.1 before analysis. Stroke outcome at discharge was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRs) with structured interview. A patient was classified as good outcome if mRs < 3 and poor outcome if mRs ≥ 3. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software version 22.0 for Windows. Results: A total of 736 patients participated in the study. Out of these, 391 (53.1%) were males and 345 (46.9%) were females. Overt stroke was found to have an estimated hospital prevalence of 3.29% in this population. Several risk and associated factors were identified such as frequent rate of acute chest syndrome (p < 0.001), acute chest syndrome in the past 2 weeks (p = 0.001), low steady state haemoglobin (p < 0.001) and previous stroke (p = 0.002). A poor outcome was observed in 16 (32.7%) of them. Conclusion: The occurrence of stroke in this population is 3.29% and several factors were associated with its occurrence.

分析标准剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓联合动脉取栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果

目的 探究标准剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓联合动脉取栓治疗急性脑梗死的效果。方法 随机选取海阳市人民医院于2021年7月—2023年7月收治的80例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,通过随机数表法分成溶栓组与桥接组,各40例。溶栓组运用标准量静脉溶栓治疗,桥接组在经过30 min静脉溶栓治疗之后,对治疗效果不理想的患者,进行机械取栓。比较两组的国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分以及不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后24 h、7 d、30 d,桥接组的NIHSS评分均低于溶栓组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。桥接组的不良反应总发生率为7.50%,溶栓组为2.50%,两组对比,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.263,P>0.05)。结论 标准剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓联合动脉取栓治疗有效地促进了患者神经功能的恢复,不良反应与溶栓治疗相当,对急性脑梗死的治疗提供了有力的支持。

扶阳急救汤加减治疗急性脑梗死疗效及对中医证候评分、卒中量表评分和凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨扶阳急救汤加减治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效及对患者中医证候评分、卒中量表评分和凝血功能的影响。方法 将2020年6月—2022年6月安徽中医药大学附属太和中医院收治的120例急性脑梗死患者随机等分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予抗血小板聚集等治疗措施,观察组在此基础上联合扶阳急救汤加减治疗。两组均持续治疗2周。比较两组患者的临床疗效、中医证候评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale, NIHSS)评分、凝血功能及3个月后改良RANKIN量表(Modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评分。结果 治疗后,观察组总有效率较高(P<0.05)。治疗1周、2周后,两组中医证候主证、次证、总积分和NIHSS评分逐渐明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,对照组凝血酶原时间(Prothrombin time, PT)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(Activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen, FIB)、凝血酶时间(Thrombin time, TT)水平较治疗前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组PT、TT水平较治疗前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),APTT及FIB水平则明显降低(P<0.05),且显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月,观察组mRS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 扶阳急救汤加减治疗可以更好地促进痰瘀阻络证型急性脑梗死患者神经功能及中医证候的恢复,提高患者近期疗效及长期生活质量,且并未影响凝血功能,有较好的安全性,值得临床应用。

症状性颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与缺血性卒中后短期mRS评分的相关性

目的 使用高分辨磁共振血管壁成像(high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging,HR-VWI)检查分析症状性颈动脉粥样硬化斑块构成与首次发生缺血性卒中患者进行卒中二级预防3个月后mRS评分的相关性,为此类患者的预后评价提供理论依据。材料与方法 2022年11月至2023年6月,在石河子大学第一附属医院招募出现缺血性卒中症状并在症状侧存在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者。将其中符合纳入及排除标准且完成了3个月卒中二级预防的患者连续入组本研究并进行改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分,根据mRS评分将入组患者分为不良预后组(mRS≥2)和良好预后组(mRS<2)。比较两组患者的临床数据、首次HR-VWI检查的斑块成分和卒中二级预防3个月后的斑块成分。分析斑块中不同成分与mRS评分的相关性。结果 共计入组66例(不良预后组39例,良好预后组27例),两组患者的临床资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。首次检查中,不良预后组含有斑块内出血的比例高于良好预后组(P<0.05),良好预后组斑块内存在钙化的比例以及钙化体积均大于不良预后组(P<0.05);卒中二级预防3个月后,不良预后组和良好预后组间含有斑块内出血的比例无明显差异(P>0.05),良好预后组中斑块内存在钙化的比例更大、钙化体积更大(P<0.05)。结论 症状性颈动脉粥样硬化斑块中的钙化及钙化体积与首次发生缺血性卒中患者进行卒中二级预防3个月后mRS评分具有相关性;症状初期行HR-VWI检查可对因颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生缺血性卒中患者的预后评价提供理论依据。

改良版Beck口腔评估表指导下的口腔护理对卒中相关肺炎的预防效果

目的:探究改良版Beck口腔评估表指导下的口腔护理对卒中相关肺炎的预防效果。方法:根据随机数字表法将2020年1月-2023年1月医院收治的245例脑卒中病人分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组122例行常规口腔护理,观察组123例行改良版Beck口腔评估表指导下的口腔护理,比较两组在护理第1天、第5天、第7天时改良版Beck口腔评分、口腔溃疡情况、口咽部细菌培养菌株数,比较两组在护理第7天时卒中相关肺炎(SAP)发生率以及吞咽功能,比较护理7 d后病人其他相关并发症发生率。结果:护理第1天、第7天观察组改良版Beck口腔评分低于对照组(P<0.05);护理第5天、第7天后观察组口腔溃疡阳性率低于对照组(P<0.05);护理第5天、第7天后观察组口咽部细菌培养菌株阳性率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组SAP发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理后吞咽功能评分低于对照组(P<0.05);护理7 d后观察组相关并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:改良版Beck口腔评估表指导下进行口腔护理可有效改善病人口腔健康状态,降低口腔黏膜溃疡出血,减少口咽部细菌定植,改善病人吞咽功能,有效预防SAP产生,减少其他相关并发症发生。