Prognostic role of the stromal cell derived factor-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

BACKGROUND Stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF-1)plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of stem cells to injured livers.However,the changes of SDF-l in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)have yet to be elucidated.AIM To study the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF.METHODS 30 patients with HBV-related ACLF,27 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 healthy individuals are involved in our study.The SDF-l mRNA expression in liver tissue was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to illustrate the expression of SDFl,CXC receptor 4(CXCR4)and Ki67.The serum SDF-l concentrations were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS The expression of SDF-1 mRNA from ACLF patients was remarkably higher than that from other patients(both P<0.05).The expression of SDF-l,CXCR4 and Ki67 from ACLF were the highest among the three groups(all P<0.01).The serum SDF-l levels in ACLF patients were significantly lower than that in other patients(both P<0.01).Moreover,in ACLF patients,the serum SDF-1 Levels were positively correlated with serum total bilirubin and international normalized ratio.In addition,the serum SDF-l levels in survival were significantly lower compared with the non-survivals(P<0.05).The area under the curve for the serum SDF-1 level in predicting 28-d mortality was 0.722(P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study provides the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF.The SDF-1 Level at admission may serve as a promising prognostic marker for predicting short-term prognosis.

Stromal cell-derived factor-1α regulates chondrogenic differentiation via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mesenchymal stem cells

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been applied to treat degenerative articular diseases,and stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α)may enhance their therapeutic efficacy.However,the regulatory effects of SDF-1αon cartilage differentiation remain largely unknown.Identifying the specific regulatory effects of SDF-1αon MSCs will provide a useful target for the treatment of degenerative articular diseases.AIM To explore the role and mechanism of SDF-1αin cartilage differentiation of MSCs and primary chondrocytes.METHODS The expression level of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)in MSCs was assessed by immunofluorescence.MSCs treated with SDF-1αwere stained for alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and with Alcian blue to observe differentiation.Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of SRY-box transcription factor 9,aggrecan,collagen II,runt-related transcription factor 2,collagen X,and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)13 in untreated MSCs,of aggrecan,collagen II,collagen X,and MMP13 in SDF-1α-treated primary chondrocytes,of glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β)p-GSK3βandβ-catenin expression in SDF-1α-treated MSCs,and of aggrecan,collagen X,and MMP13 in SDF-1α-treated MSCs in the presence or absence of ICG-001(SDF-1αinhibitor).RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed CXCR4 expression in the membranes of MSCs.ALP stain was intensified in MSCs treated with SDF-1αfor 14 d.The SDF-1αtreatment promoted expression of collagen X and MMP13 during cartilage differentiation,whereas it had no effect on the expression of collagen II or aggrecan nor on the formation of cartilage matrix in MSCs.Further,those SDF-1α-mediated effects on MSCs were validated in primary chondrocytes.SDF-1αpromoted the expression of p-GSK3βandβ-catenin in MSCs.And,finally,inhibition of this pathway by ICG-001(5μmol/L)neutralized the SDF-1α-mediated up-regulation of collagen X and MMP13 expression in MSCs.CONCLUSION SDF-1αmay promote hypertrophic cartilage differentiation in MSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.These findings provide further evidence for the use of MSCs and SDF-1αin the treatment of cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis.

Stromal cell derived factor-1 enhances bone marrow mononuclear cell migration in mice with acute liver failure

AIM： To evaluate the number of bone marrow mononuclear cells （BMMC） that are migrated to the liver following transplantation of murine BMMC into mice with acute liver injury.METHODS： BMMC were isolated from the bone marrow of mice in a lymphocyte separation medium and then labeled with PKH26. The labeled cells were subsequently infused into the caudal veins of BALB/c mice with hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and 2-acetylaminofluorene. Mice in experimental group were treated with stromal cell-derived factor-1 （SDF-1） which was injected intraperitoneally after trans- plantation of BMMC. Mice in control group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of saline （0.9% NaCl） after transplantation of BMMC. After 2 wk, migration of the cells in experimental group was studied by fluorescence microscopy. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and albumin was quantified with manual methods in both groups. The serum transaminase levels at different time points were compared between the two groups.RESULTS： The labeled ＂cells＂ were found in the portal region and central veins of hepatic Iobules. The PKH26labeled cells appeared at an average frequency of 108 ± 8/high power field in the experiment group and 65 ± 8/high power field in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The total number of positive cells was 29 ± 7/high power field in the experimental group and 13 ± 2/high power field in the control group. The albumin expression level was also higher in the experimental group than in the control group （29 ± 7 vs 13 ± 2, P 〈 0.05）. The total number of crossing points was 156 ± 5/high power field in the experimental group and 53 ± 5/high power field in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The serum alanine aminotransferase levels in experimental and control groups were measured at different time points （120 ± 40 vs 118.50 ± 1.75, P 〉 0.05; 80.60 ± 6.50 vs 101.08 ± 5.67, P 〈 0.05; 50.74 ± 5.38 vs 80.47 ± 4.62, P 〈 0.05; 30.54 ± 2.70 vs 60.72 ± 4.37, P 〈 0.05; 30.77 ± 5.36 vs 40.47 ± 6.50, P 〈 0.05）. At the same time, the serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were measured in experimental and control groups at different time points （122.55 ± 1.46 vs 120.70 ± 4.22, P 〉 0.05; 54.26 ± 6.50 vs 98.70 ± 8.20, P 〈 0.05; 39.47 ± 5.39 vs 78.34 ± 4.50, P 〈 0.05; 28.94 ±2.70 vs 56.44 ± 4.28, P 〈 0.05; 30.77 ± 5.45 vs 42.50 ± 6.28, P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： SDF-1 can promote the migration of BMMC to the liver of mice with acute liver failure.

Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in neural stem cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease

Previous studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation has the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease,but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor,chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),are important regulators of cell migration.We speculated that the CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor 1 axis may be involved in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.A Parkinson’s disease rat model was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine via the right ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway,and then treated with 5μL of neural stem cell suspension(1.5×104/L)in the right substantia nigra.Rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily for 3 days with 1.25 mL/kg of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to observe changes after neural stem cell transplantation.Parkinson-like behavior in rats was detected using apomorphine-induced rotation.Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the mRNA expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra were measured.In addition,western blot assays were performed to analyze the protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4.Our results demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation noticeably reduced apomorphine-induced rotation,increased the mRNA and protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra,and enhanced the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Injection of AMD3100 inhibited the aforementioned effects.These findings suggest that the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kunming Medical University,China(approval No.SYXKK2015-0002)on April 1,2014.

Stromal cell-derived factor-1α promotes recruitment and differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells

BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc(IVD) degeneration is a condition characterized by a reduction in the water and extracellular matrix content of the nucleus pulposus(NP) and is considered as one of the dominating contributing factors to low back pain. Recent evidence suggests that stromal cell-derived factor 1α(SDF-1α) and its receptor CX-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4) direct the migration of stem cells associated with injury repair in different musculoskeletal tissues.AIM To investigate the effects of SDF-1α on recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells(NPSCs).METHODS We performed real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the expression of SDF-1α in nucleus pulposus cells after treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. An animal model of IVD degeneration was established using annular fibrosus puncture in rat coccygeal discs. Tissue samples were collected from normal control and degeneration groups.Differences in the expression of SDF-1α between the normal and degenerative IVDs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The migration capacity of NPSCs induced by SDF-1α was evaluated using wound healing and transwell migration assays. To determine the effect of SDF-1α on chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, we conducted cell micromass culture and examined the expression levels of Sox-9, aggrecan, and collagen II. Moreover, the roles of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the migration and chondrogenesis differentiation of NPSCs were analyzed by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and real-time RT-PCR.RESULTS SDF-1α was significantly upregulated in the native IVD cells cultured in vitro with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, mimicking the degenerative settings. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the level of SDF-1α was also significantly higher in the degenerative group than in the normal group. SDF-1α enhanced the migration capacity of NPSCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SDF-1α induced chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, as evidenced by the increased expression of chondrogenic markers using histological and immunoblotting analyses. Realtime RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence showed that SDF-1αnot only increased CXCR4 expression but also stimulated translocation of CXCR4 from the cytoplasm to membrane, accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement.Furthermore, blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 effectively suppressed the SDF-1α-induced migration and differentiation capacities of NPSCs.CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that SDF-1α has the potential to enhance recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs via SDF-1/CXCR4 chemotaxis signals that contribute to IVD regeneration.

Upregulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-induced migration of human neural progenitors by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8

BACKGROUND： Studies of several animal models of central nervous system diseases have shown that neural progenitor cells （NPCs） can migrate to injured tissues. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha （SDF-la）, and its primary physiological receptor CXCR4, have been shown to contribute to this process. OBJECTIVE： To investigate migration efficacy of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient, and the regulatory roles of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-8 （IL-8） in SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-induced migration of NPCs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro, randomized, controlled, cellular and molecular biology study was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University between October 2005 and November 2007. MATERIALS： SDF-1α and mouse anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody were purchased from R＆D Systems, USA. TNF-αwas purchased from Biomyx Technology, USA and IL-8 was kindly provided by the Biotechnology Research Institute of Soochow University. METHODS： NPCs isolated from forebrain tissue of 9 to 10-week-old human fetuses were cultured in vitro. The cells were incubated with 0, 20, and 40 ng/mL TNF-α, or 0, 20, and 40 ng/mL IL-8, for 48 hours prior to migration assay. For antibody-blocking experiments, cells were further pretreated with 0, 20, and 40 μg/mL mouse anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody for 2 hours. Subsequently, the transwell assay and CXCR4 blockade experiments were performed to evaluate migration of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient. Serum-free culture medium without SDF-1α served as the negative control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The transwell assay was performed to evaluate migration of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient, which was blocked by fusion antibody against CXCR4. In addition, CXCR4 expression in human NPCs stimulated by TNF-α and IL-8 was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS： Results from the transwell assay demonstrated that SDF-1α was a strong chemoattractant for human NPCs （P 〈 0.01）, and 20 ng/mL produced the highest levels of migration. Anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody significantly blocked the chemotactic effect （P 〈 0.05）. Flow cytometry results showed that treatment with TNF-α and IL-8 resulted in increased CXCR4 expression and greater chemotaxis efficiency of NPCs towards SDF-1α（P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： These results demonstrated that SDF-la significantly attracted NPCs in vitro, and neutralizing anti-CXCR4 antibody could block part of this chemotactic function. TNF-α and IL-8 increased chemotaxis efficiency of NPCs towards the SDF-1αgradient by upregulating CXCR4 expression in NPCs.

Emodin and baicalein inhibit pancreatic stromal derived factor-1 expression in rats with acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is an efficacious leukocyte chemoattractant, which can attract lymphocytes and mononuclear cells from bloodstream into the site of inflammation. Emodin., an anthraquinone derivative from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and baicalein, a flavone from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, both have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities. The expression pattern of SDF-1 in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) and the effect of emodin or baicalein on that are not well defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin and baicalein on pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (reflecting leukocyte sequestration) and cytokine production, as well as tissue SDF-1 expression in the setting of AP. METHODS: A :rat model of AP was induced by administration (of 5% sodium taurocholate through the biliopancreatic duct. The level of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MPO in the pancreas, and serum amylase were tested by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and chromatometry. The expressions of SDF-1 alpha and SDF-1 beta were detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULT: Combination of emodin and baicalein significantly reduced pancreatic TNIP-alpha, IL-6 and MPO, and also inhibited pancreatic SDF-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of SDF-1 expression by emodin and baicalein might contribute, in part at least, to the amelioration of pancreatic inflammation. The present study also shows benefits of simultaneous treatment of AP.

KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumor associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) associated with neurofibromatosis are uncommon compared to their gastrointestinal counterparts. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1) have an increased risk of developing gastrointestinal tumors, including rare types such as GIST.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male Chinese patient was diagnosed with NF-1 10 years ago and presented with upper abdominal discomfort and black stools. Endoscopic ultrasonography and an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a mass located 4 cm from the muscular layer of the descending duodenum. A 59-year-old Chinese woman who was diagnosed with NF-1 25 years ago presented with sudden unconsciousness and black stools. Multiple masses in the duodenum were noted by echogastroscopy and an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan. Both patients presented with cutaneous neurofibromas. The histologic examination of tumors from both patients revealed spindle cells and low mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed strong positivity for KIT(CD117), DOG-1, CD34, and Dehydrogenase Complex Subunit B, and negativity for SMA, desmin, S-100, and β-catenin. None of the six tumors from two patients had KIT exon 9, 11, 13, or 17 or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α exon 12 or 18 mutation, which is a typical finding for sporadic GISTs. None of the six tumors from the two patients had a BRAFV600 E mutation. The patients were alive and well during the follow-up period(range:0.6-5 yr).CONCLUSION There have been only a few previous reports of GISTs associated with NF-1.Although GISTs associated with NF-1 have morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities with GISTs, the pathogenesis, incidence,genetic background, and prognosis are not completely known. A medical history of NF-1 in a patient who has gastrointestinal bleeding or anemia and an intraabdominal mass with nonspecific computed tomography features may help in diagnosing GIST by virtue of the well-known association of these two entities.Molecular genetic studies of cases indicated that GISTs in NF-1 patients have a different pathogenesis than sporadic GISTs.

RNA interference affects tumorigenicity and expression of insulin-like growth factor-1,insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor,and basic fibroblast growth factor-2 in rat C6 glioma cells

BACKGROUND： Human gliomas are more likely to express basic fibroblast growth factor-2 （FGF-2） insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1）, and IGF-1 receptor （IGF-1R） than normal brain tissue. These factors activate signal transduction systems of Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akl, which promote glioma growth. OBJECTIVE： To utilize RNA interference （RNAi） technique to down-regulate FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R gene expression, and to investigate the effects of these genes on rat C6 glioma cells, as well as the feasibility of RNAi for treating glioma. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This neurooncological, randomized, controlled, in vivo and in vitro experiment, which used RNAi methodology, was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences between August 2005 and February 2008. MATERIALS： Rat C6 cell lines were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Cellular Biology Affiliated to Chinese Academy of Sciences. Small interfering RNA （siRNA） was synthesized by Shanghai GenePharma. Anti-IGF-1, anti-IGF-1R, anti-FGF-2, anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG G1-HRP antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Four to six week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences. METHODS： C6 glioma cells were transfected with siRNA, which was chemically synthesized in vitro to correspond to endogenous FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R genes. The inhibition ratio of targeting mRNA expression was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. C6 glioma cell proliferation was observed using a growth curve C6 glioma cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. C6 glioma cell growth regression was observed by transwell migration assay. In addition, nude mouse subcutaneous tumor models were used in this study. For studying the anti-tumor effects of IGF-1 and IGF-1R siRNA, two blank control groups, with six mice each, were set up： A （2.5 μg siRNA was injected one week after C6 cells were inoculated, Le., when tumor volume reached 8 mm × 8 mm） and B （siRNA was injected at the same time with C6 cells were inoculated. To study the effects of FGF-2 siRNA, the groups consisted of a blank control group, negative control group, 2.6 μg siRNA group, 4 μg siRNA group, and 5.3 μg siRNA group, with six mice each. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： mRNA and protein inhibition ratio of FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1 R; C6 glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cycle growth arrest; C6 glioma cell growth regression and subcutaneous tumorigenicity rates. RESULTS： All siRNA constructs proved to be effective. After 48 hours, transfection of 200 nmol/L siRNA resulted in a FGF-2 or IGF-1R gene inhibition ratio 〉 80% and an IGF-1 gene inhibition ratio of approximately 70%. Protein expression levels for FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R decreased in a dose-dependent manner following siRNA transfection, with an inhibition rate 〉 85%, 60%, and 50%, respectively. C6 glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis rates increased in proportion to siRNA. The apoptosis rate of C6 glioma cells induced by FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R siRNA was 39.96%, 15.07% and 22.47%, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Transfection of 200 nmol/L IGF or IGF-1R siRNA for 48 hours suppressed C6 glioma cell migration. At 30 days after intratumoral injection of 2.6, 4, and 5.3 tJg FGF-2 siRNA, tumor growth regression rate of FGF-2 siRNA was 56%, 67%, and 86%, respectively. The tumor growth regression rate was 71.88% and 45.71%, respectively, when IGF-1 or IGF-1R siRNA was intratumorally injected 1 week after C6 glioma cell transplantation. When IGF-1 or IGF-1 R siRNA was intratumorally injected during C6 glioma cell transplantation, the tumor growth regression rate was 78.13% and 74.29%, respectively. CONCLUSION： siRNA transfection downregulated gene expression of FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R In addition, siRNA treatment markedly suppressed glioma cell proliferation, growth, and migration, and concomitantly reduced subcutaneous tumorigenicity.

NONHSAT248596.1内源性竞争miR-146a-5p调控骨关节炎软骨退变的机制

背景:目前已有针对lncRNA\miRNA\mRNA的共表达网络对骨关节炎发生发展调控机制的研究,课题组前期研究已通过数据库筛选出符合条件的NONHSAT248596.1和miR-146a-5p,尚缺乏体内实验来验证上述调控机制。目的:探究NONHSAT248596.1在基质细胞衍生因子1/4型趋化因子受体轴介导体内骨关节炎软骨退变进程中对miR-146a-5p发挥的竞争性内源性RNA调控作用。方法:取36只新西兰兔,通过向右侧后肢膝关节注射基质细胞衍生因子1溶液建立骨关节炎模型,采用随机数字表法分4组,lncRNA组、miRNA组、ceRNA组、对照组分别向造模膝关节内注射NONHSAT248596.1过表达的慢病毒载体、miR-146a-5p过表达的慢病毒载体、miR-146a-5p+NONHSAT248596.1过表达的慢病毒载体及空慢病毒载体。造模第4,8,12周,取膝关节软骨组织和软骨下骨组织进行相关检测。结果与结论:①苏木精-伊红与番红O固绿染色显示,4组软骨组织都有不同程度的退变表现,造模第4周时,lncRNA组软骨组织中的软骨细胞肿胀、细胞极性消失,细胞外基质破坏,出现表层糜烂、裂缝形成和软骨组织局部或全层缺失,并随时间延长软骨损伤程度逐渐加重,4组中miRNA组关节软骨炎症进展最缓慢;②qRT-PCR检测显示,相同时间点下,lncRNA组软骨组织中NONHSAT248596.1、4型趋化因子受体、基质金属蛋白酶3,9及13的mRNA表达量高于其他3组(P<0.05),miR-146a-5p、聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原的mRNA表达量低于其他3组(P<0.05);造模后第8,12周,miRNA组软骨组织中的NONHSAT248596.1、4型趋化因子受体、基质金属蛋白酶3,9及13的mRNA表达量低于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05),miR-146a-5p、聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原的mRNA表达量高于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05);③Western Blot检测显示,相同时间点下,lncRNA组软骨组织中的聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达量始终低于其他3组(P<0.05);miRNA组造模后第8,12周软骨组织中的聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达量高于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05);④结果表明,miR-146a-5p作为NONHSAT248596.1的作用靶点会受到其竞争性内源性RNA的作用造成活性被抑制,NONHSAT248596.1作用于miR-146a-5p后调控基质细胞衍生因子1/4型趋化因子受体轴,影响骨关节炎软骨组织中基质金属蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原、聚集蛋白聚糖的表达,造成细胞外基质的降解及蛋白多糖的丢失。

兔肩袖腱骨愈合过程中基质细胞衍生因子1的表达及作用机制

背景:近年在腱骨损伤领域部分学者将基质细胞衍生因子1搭载在组织工程支架上用以促进腱骨愈合,取得了较好的成效,但在基质细胞衍生因子1促进腱骨愈合机制及自然愈合过程中其是否参与修复,目前尚未明确。目的:研究兔肩袖全层冈上肌断裂后腱骨愈合过程中基质细胞衍生因子1表达,及其在腱骨损伤时对干细胞的迁移作用和最佳体外促迁移浓度。方法:随机取成年新西兰大白兔18只建立肩袖损伤模型,另取3只为空白对照。于造模后3,5,7,14,21,28 d各处死3只并处死空白组兔,取腱骨连接处组织保存在-80℃冰箱。应用ELISA反应检测损伤后各时间点愈合处基质细胞衍生因子1表达。取幼兔股骨骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养鉴定,通过transwell实验验证基质细胞衍生因子1对干细胞的促迁移作用效果及体外促迁移最佳浓度,将培养到P3代的干细胞与Brdu共培养后注入兔耳缘静脉,通过免疫组化染色验证干细胞是否迁移至损伤处。结果与结论:①基质细胞衍生因子1在肩袖腱骨愈合过程呈双峰表达,于伤后3 d明显增高(P<0.01)随后下降,于伤后5 d达最低,后再次升高于伤后14 d达峰值(P<0.01),然后下降;②细胞免疫组化染色可见标记有Brdu的干细胞确有迁移至损伤处;③transwell实验结果表明60-80 ng/mL的基质细胞衍生因子1对干细胞促迁移效果最好,而200 ng/mL浓度反而会起到抑制迁移作用;④基质细胞衍生因子1参与了肩袖腱骨愈合的炎症反应期和增殖期的愈合过程,其作用机制可能为通过促进干细胞迁移至损伤处并分化为各类细胞促进修复,并且基质细胞衍生因子1的促迁移作用存在于一定浓度范围,超出范围则可能起到抑制作用。

骨肉瘤组织中GFRA1、FBN1表达水平及意义

目的探讨胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子受体1(GFRA1)、原纤维蛋白-1(FBN1)在骨肉瘤组织中表达水平及意义。方法收集2017年9月至2019年9月住院手术的66例骨肉瘤患者治疗精细切除骨肉瘤组织标本及癌旁组织标本,同时收集整理其临床分期、肿瘤直径、肿瘤分化程度等临床资料。采用免疫组织化学法检测GFRA1、FBN1蛋白表达;骨肉瘤组织GFRA1、FBN1表达与患者预后的关系采用Kaplan-Meier法分析;多因素Logistic回归分析骨肉瘤患者预后的影响因素。结果与癌旁组织相比,骨肉瘤组织中GFRA1、FBN1阳性表达率明显较高(P<0.05)。GFRA1、FBN1的表达与骨肉瘤患者的临床分期、分化程度、是否发生肺转移、软组织是否浸润有关(P<0.05),与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤位置无关(P>0.05);骨肉瘤组织GFRA1、FBN1阳性表达患者3年生存率低于FBN1阴性表达患者(P<0.05)。GFRA1、FBN1阳性表达、肿瘤转移、软组织浸润是骨肉瘤患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论GFRA1、FBN1的表达与骨肉瘤患者的临床病理特征及预后有关,可以作为骨肉瘤患者预后评估的指标。

胃癌组织中SDF-1、HER2及Slug表达与患者临床病理特征的相关性

目的分析基质细胞衍生因子1(SDF-1)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、锌指转录因子(Slug)在胃癌组织内的表达及与患者临床病理特征间的关系。方法选取73例胃癌患者,采集其癌组织与癌旁正常组织,以免疫组织化学法检测对比两者SDF-1、HER2及Slug的表达差异;另收集患者的年龄等资料,统计分析SDF-1、HER2及Slug表达与胃癌患者各项临床病理特征间的联系。结果癌组织的SDF-1、HER2、Slug阳性表达率高于癌旁正常组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SDF-1、HER2、Slug阳性表达与胃癌患者的年龄、性别无关(P>0.05),与患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度有关(P<0.05)。结论SDF-1、HER2、Slug在胃癌组织内呈异常高表达,且其参与胃癌的侵袭、发展过程。

吴茱萸碱调节SDF-1α/CXCR4信号通路对颅内动脉瘤血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探究吴茱萸碱通过调节基质细胞衍生因子1α(SDF-1α)/CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)信号通路对颅内动脉瘤(IA)血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)的增殖和凋亡的作用。方法24只小鼠随机分为对照组和IA组,每组12只。IA组通过定位手术注射弹性蛋白酶制造IA模型小鼠,然后通过HE染色观察动脉组织变化。随后将小鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(MOVAS)先用MTT法检测吴茱萸碱浓度对细胞的活性影响,然后将MOVAS分为ctrl组、Model组(H_(2)O_(2)诱导损伤组)、低浓度吴茱萸碱组(0.50μmol/L)、高浓度吴茱萸碱组(1.00μmol/L)、高浓度吴茱萸碱+CTCE-0214组(1.00μmol/L吴茱萸碱+10 mg/kg SDF-1α/CXCR4激活剂)。CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活性;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Western blot检测SDF-1α、CXCR4、BAX、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、平滑肌22α(SM22α)和平滑肌α肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的蛋白表达。结果与对照组正常动脉组织比较,IA组的IA组织出现明显的病理变化,损伤严重。在MOVAS细胞实验中,与ctrl组比较,Model组的细胞凋亡率、SDF-1α、CXCR4、BAX蛋白表达增加,而细胞存活率、PCNA、SM22α、α-SMA含量降低(P<0.05)。与Model组比较,低浓度吴茱萸碱组、高浓度吴茱萸碱组的细胞凋亡率、SDF-1α、CXCR4、BAX蛋白表达降低,而细胞存活率、PCNA、SM22α、α-SMA含量升高(P<0.05);与高浓度吴茱萸碱组比较,高浓度吴茱萸碱+CTCE-0214组细胞凋亡率、SDF-1α、CXCR4、BAX蛋白表达升高,而细胞存活率、PCNA、SM22α、α-SMA含量降低(P<0.05)。结论吴茱萸碱可能通过抑制SDF-1α/CXCR4信号通路进而抑制颅内动脉瘤血管平滑肌细胞的凋亡,促进其增殖。

Anisodine hydrobromide alleviates oxidative stress caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells predominantly via inhibition of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4

Background:Anisodine hydrobromide(AT3),an anti-cholinergic agent,could be delivered to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and has been used clinically for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Endothelial dysfunction can be caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)via oxidative stress and metabolic alterations.The present study investigated whether AT3 regulates the production of nitric oxide(NO)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the HIF-1αpathway via regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors(mAChRs)in brain microvascular endothelial cells after H/R exposure.Methods:Under H/R conditions,hCMEC/D3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were treated with AT3.Specific inhibitors of M2-and M4-mAChRs were used to explore the mechanism by which AT3 influences oxidative stress in endothelial cells.Then,mAChRs expression was detected by western blotting and NO production was detected by Greiss reaction.The intracellular ROS level was measured using DCFH-DA probes.The expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α(HIF-1α)was also detected.Results:While H/R induced the expression of M2-and M4-mAChRs,AT3 suppressed the H/R-upregulated M2-and M4-mAChRs.H/R also induced the production of NO,ROS,and apoptosis.AT3 and M4-mAChR inhibitors inhibited the H/R-induced production of NO and ROS and apoptosis.HIF-1αwas induced by H/R,but was suppressed by AT3.Conclusion:Thus,the in vitro evidence shows that AT3 protects against H/R injury in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells via inhibition of HIF-1α,NO and ROS,predominantly through the downregulation of M4-mAChR.The findings offer novel understandings regarding AT3-mediated attenuation of endothelial cell apoptosis and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

西格列汀激活基质细胞衍生因子-1/CXC趋化因子受体4信号通路对脂多糖诱导的人牙周膜干细胞增殖、凋亡、炎症和成骨分化的影响

目的 探讨西格列汀对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的炎症微环境下人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSCs)增殖、凋亡、炎症和成骨分化的影响及分子机制。方法 体外培养hPDLSCs,用不同浓度的西格列汀处理后检测细胞活力,以确定后续西格列汀实验浓度。采用1μg/mL LPS刺激诱导24 h建立hPDLSCs炎症模型并分为空白组、对照组、西格列汀低浓度组(0.5μmol/L)、西格列汀中浓度组(1μmol/L)、西格列汀高浓度组(2μmol/L)、西格列汀高浓度+基质细胞衍生因子-1 (SDF-1)/CXC趋化因子受体4 (CXCR4)通路抑制剂(AMD3100)组(2μmol/L+10μg/mL)。细胞计数试剂盒-8检测培养24、48、72 h后的hPDLSCs增殖活性;流式细胞术检测培养72 h后hPDLSCs凋亡情况;诱导成骨分化21 d后茜素红染色检测hPDLSCs成骨分化能力,试剂盒测定hPDLSCs中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性;酶联免疫吸附检测hPDLSCs培养上清液中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测hPDLSCs中成骨分化相关基因Runt相关转录因子2 (RUNX2)、骨钙素(OCN)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)及SDF-1和CXCR4 mRNA表达;Western blot检测hPDLSCs中SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达。结果 与空白组比较,对照组hPDLSCs增殖活性、矿化结节数量、染色强度、ALP活性和RUNX2、OCN、OPN mRNA及SDF-1、CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低,凋亡率、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平显著升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,西格列汀低、中、高浓度组hPDLSCs增殖活性、矿化结节数量、染色强度、ALP活性和RUNX2、OCN、OPN mRNA及SDF-1、CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平依次升高,凋亡率、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平依次降低(P<0.05);AMD3100可部分逆转高浓度西格列汀对LPS诱导的hPDLSCs的作用效果(P<0.05)。结论 西格列汀可能通过激活SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路促进LPS诱导的炎症微环境下hPDLSCs的增殖和成骨分化,抑制hPDLSCs凋亡和炎症反应。

腹部创伤感染病人血清基质金属蛋白酶9、基质细胞衍生因子1表达及其诊断价值

目的 探究腹部创伤感染病人血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9、基质细胞衍生因子(SDF)-1表达及其诊断价值。方法 2021年7月~2022年7月收治的腹部创伤感染病人100例,作为病例组,同期腹部创伤未发生感染的病人100例为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清MMP-9、SDF-1水平;Spearman法分析血清MMP-9、SDF-1与SIRS评分和住院时间的相关性。ROC曲线分析血清MMP-9、SDF-1对腹部创伤感染病人的诊断价值。配对样本t检验分析腹部创伤感染病人治疗前后血清MMP-9、SDF-1水平。多因素Logistic回归分析影响腹部创伤感染发生的因素。结果 病例组病人血清MMP-9、SDF-1水平、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、合并糖尿病、创伤类型等与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹部创伤感染病人血清MMP-9水平分别与SIRS评分、CRP、WBC、TNF-α呈正相关性(r=0.505、0.471、0.423、0.416,P<0.05);血清SDF-1水平分别与SIRS评分、CRP、WBC、TNF-α也呈正相关性(r=0.469、0.439、0.518、0.469,P<0.05)。ROC分析显示,血清MMP-9、SDF-1预测腹部创伤发生感染的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.850(95%CI:0.799~0.902)、0.806(95%CI:0.746~0.866),二者联合检测的AUC为0.914(95%CI:0.876~0.951),高于MMP-9、SDF-1单独检测(Z=1.987、2.97,P<0.05)。治疗后血清MMP-9、SDF-1表达水平低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,合并糖尿病、创伤类型、血清MMP-9、SDF-1水平是腹部创伤病人感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 腹部创伤感染病人血清MMP-9、SDF-1水平升高,二者可能参与腹部创伤感染的发生发展,对腹部创伤感染的诊断具有临床意义。

基质细胞衍生因子1在软骨和软骨下骨稳态中的作用

背景:骨性关节炎是一种以软骨退变和软骨下骨异常骨重塑为特征的退行性病变。近年来,许多研究表明基质细胞衍生因子1在骨性关节炎的病理进展中发挥关键作用,靶向调控基质细胞衍生因子1及其CXC趋化因子受体4型和CXC趋化因子受体7型组成的信号通路是预防和治疗骨性关节炎的新方法。目的:综述基质细胞衍生因子1参与调控软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞及破骨细胞增殖、分化及凋亡的作用,以及这些细胞相互作用,探究导致软骨退变、软骨下骨异常骨重塑而加速骨性关节炎病理进展的机制,以期为骨性关节炎的防治提供新的思路。方法:以“基质细胞衍生因子1,软骨,软骨细胞,软骨下骨,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,CXC趋化因子受体4型,CXC趋化因子受体7型”为中文检索词检索中国知网、万方和维普数据库,以“Stromal cell-derived factor 1,SDF-1,CXCL12,cartilage,chondrocyte,subchondral bone,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,CXCR4,CXCR7”为英文检索词检索PubMed、Medline和Embase数据库,检索各数据库建库至2024年1月的相关文献,根据纳入和排除标准,最终纳入77篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①基质细胞衍生因子1调控软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞迁移、增殖、分化和死亡,在维持软骨和软骨下骨稳态以及促进或抑制骨性关节炎软骨退变、软骨下骨异常骨重塑等病理过程中均发挥至关重要的作用,靶向调控基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC趋化因子受体4型/CXC趋化因子受体7型信号通路有望成为今后防治骨性关节炎研究的重点。②由于基质细胞衍生因子1亚型在组织之间表达量的差异,目前以基质细胞衍生因子1α研究最为广泛,基质细胞衍生因子1β和基质细胞衍生因子1γ的相关研究多集中在探索影响干细胞生物学行为、在调控软骨和软骨下骨稳态中的作用,与骨性关节炎的相关性尚不清楚。③基质细胞衍生因子1能够有效促进干细胞归巢至软骨损伤部位,并诱导其增殖、存活及成软骨分化和应用负载基质细胞衍生因子1的生物支架来改善软骨修复质量已成为软骨组织工程研究的热点;然而,已有研究表明基质细胞衍生因子1可促进骨髓间充质干细胞向肥大型软骨细胞分化,而新生软骨细胞肥大表型会造成软骨内骨形成,软骨细胞凋亡,整个组织发生血管化和骨化,影响最终软骨修复的质量;另外,不同支架与基质细胞衍生因子1组合在修复部分软骨损伤和全层软骨损伤时,再生组织不都是理想的透明软骨组织。因而,未来深入探寻基质细胞衍生因子1在干细胞生物学效应中的潜在机制以及基质细胞衍生因子1与支架组合在修复不同软骨缺损的最佳组合方式将有助于提升软骨修复质量。④目前有关CXC趋化因子受体4型拮抗剂的研究主要集中在AMD3100,T140和TN14003,且绝大部分处于基础实验阶段,有待临床转化。针对基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC趋化因子受体4型/CXC趋化因子受体7型信号通路开发的治疗药物、方法的安全性、有效性仍需大量的生物学和临床试验加以佐证。

淫羊藿苷调节SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨淫羊藿苷调节基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)/CXC型趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)信号轴对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响。方法将从PCOS模型组大鼠卵巢组织中成功分离的颗粒细胞分为PCOS组、淫羊藿苷低剂量组、淫羊藿苷中剂量组、淫羊藿苷高剂量组、重组大鼠SDF-1蛋白(Rr-SDF-1)组、淫羊藿苷高剂量+Rr-SDF-1组,另取从正常对照组大鼠卵巢组织中成功分离的颗粒细胞作为对照组。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测卵巢颗粒细胞上清液中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)水平;CCK-8法、EdU染色检测颗粒细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测颗粒细胞凋亡;Western blot检测颗粒细胞中Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、裂解的胱天蛋白酶-3(Cleaved Caspase-3)、SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,PCOS组FSH水平、光密度(OD)_(450)值、EdU阳性细胞率降低,T、LH水平、细胞凋亡率、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3、SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与PCOS组比较,淫羊藿苷低、中、高剂量组FSH水平、OD_(450)值、EdU阳性细胞率均依次升高,T、LH水平、细胞凋亡率、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3、SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达水平均依次降低;Rr-SDF-1组对应指标变化趋势与上述相反(P<0.05)。与淫羊藿苷高剂量组比较,淫羊藿苷高剂量+Rr-SDF-1组FSH水平、OD_(450)值、EdU阳性细胞率降低,T、LH水平、细胞凋亡率、Bax、Cleaved Caspase-3、SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论淫羊藿苷可能通过抑制SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路抑制PCOS大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡。

甲基莲心碱调节SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路对糖尿病肾病的影响

目的·探讨甲基莲心碱(neferine,Nef)对糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)大鼠肾组织的作用及其相关机制。方法·采用高脂饲料喂食联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法构建DN模型大鼠,并将造模成功的大鼠随机分为DN组、Nef(低、中、高)剂量组、Nef高剂量+通路拮抗剂(AMD3100)组,每组10只。同时,选10只普通大鼠作为正常组。检测6组大鼠的空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、24 h尿蛋白、血清糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)水平及肾指数。分别采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,H-E)染色、马松(Masson)染色观察6组大鼠的肾组织的病理变化。采用硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)法检测肾组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,分别采用水溶性四氮唑(water soluble tetrazolium,WST-1)法、钼酸铵法检测肾组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)的活性。分别采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)和蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测肾组织中基质细胞衍生因子-1(stromal cell-derived factor-1,SDF-1)、CXC趋化因子受体4(CXC chemokine receptor 4,CXCR4)的mRNA以及蛋白表达。采用高糖(30 mmol/L葡萄糖)诱导大鼠肾小管上皮细胞NRK-52E,以建立DN细胞模型。将该细胞分为对照组、高糖(HG)组、HG+Nef(低、中、高)剂量组(即HG+Nef-L、M、H组)、HG+Nef-H+AMD3100组。分别采用WST-1法、钼酸铵法检测模型细胞中SOD、CAT活性,采用TBA法检测MDA含量,分别采用qPCR、Western blotting检测SDF-1、CXCR4的mRNA及蛋白表达,采用CCK-8法、流式细胞术检测细胞活力和凋亡率。结果·与DN组比较,Nef(低、中、高)剂量组和Nef高剂量+AMD3100组大鼠的FBG、24 h尿蛋白、HbA1c、Scr、BUN水平以及肾指数、MDA水平均较低,SDF-1、CXCR4的mRNA和蛋白表达以及SOD、CAT活性均较高(均P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤、纤维化程度有所减轻,且均呈剂量依赖性;AMD3100能减弱高剂量Nef对DN大鼠的肾保护作用。与HG组比较,HG+Nef-L、M、H组NRK-52E细胞的活力,SOD、CAT活性,SDF-1、CXCR4的mRNA和蛋白表达均较高,MDA含量及凋亡率均较低(均P<0.05);AMD3100可逆转Nef-H对NRK-52E细胞损伤的保护作用。结论·Nef可能通过激活SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路来控制DN大鼠的血糖水平并提高其抗氧化能力,从而发挥肾保护作用。