Phenanthrene derivatives combined charge transport properties and strong solid-state emission

As bifunctional materials, phenanthrene derivatives 2,7-diphenylphenanthrene and 2,7-di(styryl)phenanthrene(DPPa and DSPa) were designed and studied. Both materials show charge transport properties and strong solid-state emission. The hole mobility was measured to be 1.6 and 0.4 cm^2 V-1 s^-1 for DPPa and DSPa, respectively. While the photoluminescence quantum yield of DPPa and DSPa was as high as 37.13% and 62.36%, respectively.

Anisotropic stimulated emission cross-section measurement in Nd:YVO_4

As a crucial parameter in the design and analysis of laser performances, stimulated emission(SE) cross-section is currently considered to be dependent on several factors, such as temperatures and eigen-polarizations for anisotropic crystals. In contrast with these factors, impact of propagating directions upon SE cross-section has garnered less attention.In this paper, to investigate the SE cross-section in arbitrary propagating directions, fluorescence spectra for the transition ~4F_(3/2)→~4I_(11/2) in Nd:YVO_4 are measured in different propagating directions. Based on Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg equation model, the propagating direction-dependent SE cross-section spectra in Nd:YVO_4 are obtained for the first time, to our best knowledge. A novel concept of anisotropic SE cross-section is proposed to interpret the propagating direction-dependent effect. The experiment results reveal that for an arbitrary propagating direction the SE cross-section of e light around 1064 nm can be expressed as a superposition from two principle axial propagating directions with a weight of plane projection.

Fluorine-defects induced solid-state red emission of carbon dots with an excellent thermosensitivity

Up to date,solid-state carbon dots(CDs)with bright red fluorescence have scarcely achieved due to aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)effect and extremely low quantum yield in deep-red to near infrared region.Here,we report a novel fluorine-defects induced solid-state red fluorescence(λ_(em)=676 nm,the absolute fluorescence quantum yields is 4.17%)in fluorine,nitrogen and sulfur co-doped CDs(F,N,S-CDs),which is the first report of such a long wavelength emission of solid-state CDs.As a control,CDs without fluorine-doping(N,S-CDs)show no fluorescence in solid-state,and the fluorescence quantum yield/emission wavelength of N,S-CDs in solution-state are also lower/shorter than that of F,N,S-CDs,which is mainly due to the F-induced defect traps on the surface/edge of F,N,S-CDs.Moreover,the solid-state F,N,S-CDs exhibit an interesting temperature-sensitive behavior in the range of 80-420 K,with the maximum fluorescence intensity at 120 K,unveiling its potential as the temperature-dependent fluorescent sensor and the solid-state light-emitting device adapted to multiple temperatures.

Infrared emissivities of Mn,Co co-doped ZnO powders

Infrared emissivities of Zn0.99-xMn0.01CoxO （x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05） powders synthesized at different calcination temperatures by solid-state reaction are investigated. Their phases, morphologies, UV absorption spectra, and infrared emissivities are studied by XRD, SEM, UV spectrophotometer, and an IR-2 dual-band infrared emissometer in a range of 8 μm-14 μm. Doped ZnO still has a wurtzite structure, and no peaks of other phases originating from impurities are detected. The optical band-gap decreases as the Co content and calcination temperature ascend, and of which the smallest optical band gap is 2.19 eV. The lowest infrared emissivity, 0.754, is observed in Zn0.98Mn0.01Co0.01O with the increase in Co concentration. The infrared emissivity experiences fluctuations as the calcination temperature increases, and its minimum value is 0.762 at 1100 ℃.

Polythiophene Derivatives Carbonized Polymer Dots:Aggregation Induced Solid-State Fluorescence Emission

Comprehensive Summary Currently,solid-state fluorescent carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)have attracted attention increasingly due to their applications for optoelectronic display.However,designing CPDs possessing solid-state fluorescence and clarifying the fluorescence mechanism remain challenging.Herein,we initially synthesized a novel type of polythiophene derivatives CPDs,poly-4,4’-(thiophene-3,4-diyl)dibenzoic acid carbonized polymer dots(PDBA-CPDs)with solid-state fluorescence.Subsequently,the structural and optical characterization revealed that the solid-state fluorescence originated from the aggregation induced emission of the CPDs.In brief,in aggregation state,the remaining polymer structure groups on the surface of the CPDs overlapped and weakened the non-radiative transition,enhancing solid-state fluorescence emission.Thirdly,three polythiophene-derived CPDs were designed to further demonstrate the aggregation induced solid-state fluorescence mechanism.Finally,owing to their unique properties of solid-state fluorescence,the white LEDs(light emitting diodes)were fabricated with high color rendering index(CRI)of 82.7 and CIE coordinates of(0.37,0.39)using commercial 460 nm chip.

Rational Design of a Near-infrared Fluorescent Material with High Solid-state Efficiency,Aggregation-induced Emission and Live Cell Imaging Property

Near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent materials with high photoluminescent quantum yields(PLQYs)have wide application prospects.Therefore,we design and synthesize a D-A type NIR organic molecule,TPATHCNE,in which triphenylamine and thiophene are utilized as the donors and fumaronitrile is applied as the acceptor.We systematically investigate its molecular structure and photophysical property.TPATHCNE shows high T_(g) of 110℃ and T_(d) of 385℃ and displays an aggregation-induced emission(AIE)property.A narrow optical bandgap of 1.65 eV is obtained.The non-doped film of TPATHCNE exhibits a high PLQY of 40.3%with an emission peak at 732 nm,which is among the best values of NIR emitters.When TPATHCNE is applied in organic light-emitting diode(OLED),the electroluminescent peak is located at 716 nm with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.83%.With the potential in cell imaging,the polystyrene maleic anhydride(PMSA)modified TPATHCNE nanoparticles(NPs)emit strong fluorescence when labeling HeLa cancer cells,suggesting that TPATHCNE can be used as a fluorescent carrier for specific staining or drug delivery for cellular imaging.TPATHCNE NPs fabricated by bovine serum protein(BSA)are cultivated with mononuclear yeast cells,and the intense intracellular red fluorescence indicates that it can be adopted as a specific stain for imaging.

Infrared emissivity of transition elements doped ZnO

Infrared emissivity was studied in Zno.99Mo.olO （M is Mn, Fe or Ni） and Znl_xCoxO （x=0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04） powders synthesized by solid-state reaction at various temperatures. XRD patterns confirm the wurtzite structure of the prepared samples. No peaks of other phases arising from impurities are detected in Mn- and Co-doped ZnO, hut the peaks of ZnFe204 and NiO are observed in Zno.99Feo.010 and Zno.99Nio.o10. The SEM observations indicate that with larger grain sizes than those of Zn0.99Feo.010 and Zno.99Ni0.010, Co-doped ZnO exhibits smooth grain surfaces. The infrared absorption spectra show that infrared absorptions related to oxygen in Zn0.99M0.010 are much stronger than those in Co-doped ZnO. Co ions are dissolved into the ZnO lattice with Co2＋ state from XPS spectra analysis. The infrared emissivity results imply that the emissivity of Zno.99Ni0.010 is the highest （0.829） and that of Zno.99C00.010 is the lowest （0.784） at 1 200 ℃. The emissivity of Zno.99Co0.010 decreases to the minimum （0.752） at 1 150 ℃ and then increases with growing calcination temperature. As the Co doping content grows, the emissivity of Co-doped ZnO calcined at 1 200 ℃ falls to 0.758 in the molar fraction of 3% and then ascends.

Realization of solid-state red fluorescence and concentration-induced multicolor emission from N,B co-doped carbon dots

As a new type of luminescent material,carbon dots(CDs)have attracted increased attention for their superior optical properties in recent years.However,solidstate fluorescent CDs,especially with red emission,are still a major challenge.Here,CDs with solid-state red emission were synthesized by co-doping of N and B using the one-step microwave method.The CD powder exhibits excitation-independent solid-state red fluorescence without any dispersion matrices,with optimum solid-state fluorescence wavelength of 623 nm.The hydrogen bonding interaction in CDs is helpful for solid-state fluorescence of CDs.The IG/ID value of CDs reaches up to 3.49,suggesting their very high graphitization degree,which is responsible for their red emission.In addition,CDs show the concentration-induced multicolor emission,which is attributed to the decreased energy gap in the high concentrated CD solution.To exploit their concentration-dependent emission,CDs with changing ratio in matrices are applied as a color-converting layer on ultraviolet chip to fabricate multicolor light-emitting diodes with light coordinates of(0.33,0.38),(0.41,0.48),(0.49,0.44),and(0.67,0.33),which belong to green,yellow,orange,and red light,respectively.

醇类溶液中的强太赫兹发射

强太赫兹辐射源的探索对于太赫兹技术的发展起着至关重要的作用。利用醇溶液作为太赫兹激发介质,实验证实了飞秒激光诱导正辛醇溶液液线中的强太赫兹发射。在相同的激光激励条件下,正辛醇溶液中产生的太赫兹辐射约为液态水的3.5倍。研究了正辛醇溶液中的太赫兹发射角,研究表明正辛醇溶液中产生的太赫兹辐射在90°(激光前向)时强度最大,太赫兹辐射发射角度范围介于45°至135°之间。此外,还对醇类进行了量子化学计算,以帮助解释醇溶液中强太赫兹产生的物理机理。计算结果表明醇溶液中产生的太赫兹辐射与其禁带宽度、表面静电势、静态介电常数、MPI极性指数呈负相关关系。

基于煤粉预气化强稳燃的快速调峰燃烧器5 MW中试研究

煤粉预气化强稳燃技术能够兼顾稳定燃烧与NO_(x)排放控制。基于此,开发了服务于电站锅炉灵活调峰的快速调峰燃烧器,并依托5 MW燃烧试验平台进行热态中试试验,对比不同负荷下的运行性能,研究燃烧器的极限稳燃负荷与快速变负荷能力。结果表明:煤粉进入燃烧器所带有的小型预气化室后发生气化反应,转化为高温燃气和炽热碳粒所组成的预热燃料。在低负荷下,预热燃料进入炉膛后将迅速燃烧,形成根部高温区,保证炉膛稳燃。随着负荷升高,预气化室内气化反应更加充分,配合回流烟气形成良好还原性气氛,实现有效降氮。在无辅助手段条件下,满负荷工况NO_(x)排放为159 mg/m^(3)(6%O_(2)),飞灰含碳率为3.4%,折算燃烧效率99.71%。在9%超低负荷下,快速调峰燃烧器仍能维持炉膛稳定燃烧,在1 h以上长时间连续运行过程中,出口氧量保持稳定。在15%~100%负荷分别用时8和9 min完成快速降负荷与升负荷过程,降、升负荷速率分别可达10.63%/min与9.44%/min。变负荷过程中炉内燃烧保持稳定,且温度分布对负荷变化的响应速度较快,验证了该燃烧器在快速调峰过程中的出色性能。

多级循环加载下强酸作用混凝土力学响应及微观结构差异分析

自然与强酸作用混凝土在多级循环加载作用下的强度劣化及声发射特征对混凝土结构稳定性评估至关重要,通过开展自然与强酸作用混凝土多级循环加载试验,探究自然与强酸作用混凝土在单轴线性加载和分级循环加卸载作用的混凝土强度劣化特性以及各分级声发射集中趋势特征。结果表明:强酸作用混凝土在单轴多级循环加载下的强度下降明显,表现为强酸作用和多级循环加载应力路径两者都对混凝土强度有劣化作用,其中多级循环加载应力路径对强度的降低作用比强酸作用明显;在单轴多级循环加载下,混凝土的声发射事件主要出现在加载阶段,且极大值出现在每个循环的中部或峰值附近,而卸载阶段只有较少的声发射事件;除最后一次分级加载至破坏阶段,强酸作用混凝土各分级加载阶段的声发射信号没有自然状态混凝土剧烈,表现为强酸作用混凝土各分级加载阶段声发射振铃计数和能量的均值和最大值均小于自然状态混凝土,在最后一次分级加载至破坏阶段,强酸作用混凝土各分级加载阶段的声发射信号比自然状态混凝土剧烈,表现为强酸作用混凝土振铃计数和能量的均值及最大值略高于自然状态混凝土;试验混凝土内部孔隙和裂隙较为发育,孔隙以簇状和圆形为主,有块状孔隙密集区,裂隙呈条状和不规则状,混凝土内部层状结构明显,层状结构和孔隙裂隙交替分布在混凝土内部;研究成果可为扰动作用下混凝土结构稳定性评估提供科学依据。

Lighting up aggregate emission of perylene diimide by leveraging polymerization-mediated through-space charge transfer and π-π stacking

The molecular engineering of fluorescent organic/polymeric materials,specifically those emitting in the deep red to near-infrared spectrum,is vital for advancements in optoelectronics and biomedicine.Perylene diimide(PDI),a well-known fluorescent scaffold,offers high thermal and photophysical stability but suffers from fluorescence quenching in solid or aggregate states due to intenseπ-πinteractions.To mitigate this,simple and versatile methods for strong PDI aggregate emission without extensive synthetic demands are highly desirable but still lacking.Here,we report a straightforward strategy to enhance the solid-state emission of PDI by introducing certain degree of through-space charge transfer(TSCT)via controlled radical polymerization,which can efficiently distort the typical face-to-face PDI stacking,enabling greatly enhanced deep red emission.This is achieved by growing electron-donating star-shape styrenic(co)polymers from a multidirectional electron-accepting PDI initiator.The incorporation of polycyclic aromatic monomers further shifted the emission into the near-infrared region,albeit with a reduced intensity.Overall,the emission of the PDI-based TSCT polymers can be systematically manipulated by leveraging the balance between PDI stacking and the TSCT degree,as confirmed by both experimental study and theoretical calculations.Our approach circumvents complex synthetic procedures,offering highly emissive materials with large Stokes shifts and showing broad potential for optoelectronic technology.

Near-infrared organic lasers with ultra-broad emission bands by simultaneously harnessing four-level and six-level systems

Organic lasers with broad emission bands in near-infrared(NIR)region are crucial for their applications in laser communication,night-vision as well as bioimaging owing to the abundance of selectable lasing wavelengths.However,for most organic gain materials,gain regions are limited in a small wavelength range because of the fixed energy level systems.Herein,we design a strategy to realize NIR organic lasers with broad emission bands based on tunable energy level systems induced by cascaded excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT).A novel gain material named DHNN was developed,which can undergo a cascaded double-ESIPT process supporting four-level and six-level systems simultaneously.By doping DHNN into polystyrene microspheres,NIR lasers with tunable emission bands can be achieved based on the careful modulation of microcavities.Finally,organic lasers with an ultra-broad emission band ranging from 700 nm to 900 nm was successfully achieved by harnessing four-level and six-level systems simultaneously.

HSRO■技术在脱硫废水零排放中的设计及应用

介绍了HSRO■(高盐反渗透)的技术特点。内蒙古境内某火力发电厂脱硫废水零排放一期项目工程工艺流程膜浓缩工段成功设计并应用了HSRO装置,该装置运行稳定可靠,整体回收率高于90%,最终反渗透产水可作为生产用水直接回用。该技术不仅在脱硫废水领域成功得到了工程验证,也为高矿化度矿井水、煤化工浓盐水等浓盐水领域工艺选择提供了参考。

Solid-state emissive biphenylene bridged bisaroyl-S,N-ketene acetals as distinct aggregation-induced enhanced emitters and fluorometric probes

Biphenylene bridged bisaroyl-S,N-ketene acetals can be readily synthesized by a one-pot Masuda borylation-Suzuki arylation sequence,thus,yielding a library of 20 bisaroyl-S,N-ketene acetals with tunable solid-state emission and aggregationinduced enhanced emission characteristics depending on the para substituents in the starting material.Potential applications as fluorometric probe of alcoholic beverages are outlined.

High carrier mobility and strong fluorescence emission: Toward highly sensitive single-crystal organic phototransistors

Organic single crystals(OSCs)offer a unique combination of both individual and collective properties of the employed molecules,but it remains highly challenging to achieve OSCs with both high mobilities and strong fluorescence emissions for their potential applications in multifunctional optoelectronics.Herein,we demonstrate the design and synthesis of two novel triphenylamine-functionalized thienoacenes-based organic semiconductors,4,8-distriphenylamineethynylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(4,8-DTEBDT)and 2,6-distriphenylamineethynylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(2,6-DTEBDT),with high-mobility and strong fluorescence emission.The two compounds show the maximum mobilities up to 0.25 and 0.06 cm^(2) V^(-1) s^(-1),the photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs)of 51% and 45%,and the small binding energies down to 55.13 and 58.79 meV.The excellent electrical and optical properties ensured the application of 4,8-DTEBDT and 2,6-DTEBDT single crystals in ultrasensitive UV phototransistors,achieving high photoresponsivity of 9.60×105 and 6.43×10^(4) AW^(-1),and detectivity exceeding 5.68×10^(17) and 2.99×10^(16) Jones.

中国省际碳排放效率的空间计量

本文基于至强有效前沿的最小距离法测算了我国1998-2011年的省际CO2排放效率,这种方法的优点是效率达到生产前沿后在投入或产出方面所做出的改动最小。然后在此基础上分析了我国省际碳排放效率的区域差异性以及空间相关性,最后运用1998-2011年我国30个省份的面板数据,建立空间面板数据模型,对我国碳排放效率的影响因素进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:样本期内,我国省际碳排放效率表现出较大的省际差异性,东部沿海省份的平均碳排放效率显著高于内陆省份。分地区看,东部地区的碳排放效率走势相对平稳,全国及中西部地区的碳排放效率则呈现出"U"型曲线的走势,并且东部地区的碳排放效率明显要高于中西部地区;空间自相关Moran’s I检验显示,省际碳排放效率在空间上存在着显著的空间自相关性,具有明显的集群趋势,而空间LISA图则表明省际碳排放效率不仅具有空间依赖性的特征,同时也有空间异质性的表现;经济规模、工业结构和能源消费结构对碳排放效率造成了较大的负面影响,对外开放、企业所有制结构以及政府干预对碳排放效率有正向影响,而产业结构对碳排放效率的影响则不显著。因此,对于将来中国提高碳排放效率工作的重点应该是实现经济增长模式由粗放型向集约型的转变,着重调整工业结构和能源消费结构,同时进一步提升对外开放的质量,加强政府的碳减排工作力度。

脆性材料强破裂前兆的初步研究

本文依据现有的实验结果初步研究脆性材料在破坏孕育过程中发生的强破裂的前兆特征.以应变(形变)突变、破裂弹性波限幅等物理变化特征确定强破裂;研究总结了不同试样、两种加载方式的破坏试验中的多个强破裂的前兆特征变化:一类为包括定点和场的应变变化特征,另一类为包括声发射率(破裂频度)、b值、波谱及微破裂时空分布等的声发射变化.此外,还有突发电磁扰动和应变扰动.然而,所有这些前兆特征变化并非在所有材料试样、所有强破裂之前同时都出现,也不是所有测点、任何方位都能观测到.同时指出,至今未见到对一次破坏实验中的系列强破裂(至少3～5个)前兆特征的系统对比研究,这正显示了这类研究的艰难,深入开展强破裂前兆研究对地震预测可能有重要意义.

强酸性阳离子交换纤维富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定水系沉积物中稀土元素

对聚丙烯基强酸性阳离子交换纤维分离富集痕量稀土元素La，Nd，Eu，Gd，Er和Yb及其电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）测定进行了研究。优化了纤维柱吸附和洗脱稀土元素的条件，pH3的稀土待富集试液以6-14mL／min流速上柱，以流速为1．5-4．0mL／min的10mL 2．5mol／L HNO3洗脱后，用ICP-AES测定。在洗脱前用0.5mol／L HNO3预淋洗，可将大部分K，Na，Mg，Ca，Ba，Cu，Zn，Fe和A1等共存元素除去，而不影响稀土元素的回收率。分析方法的检出限为La 0.016ng／mL，Nd 0．051ng／mL，Eu 0．006ng／mL，Gd 0．029ng／mL，Er 0．048ng／mL，Yb 0．006ng／mL。富集和测定了单纯水样和合成水样中的La，Nd，Eu，Gd，Er和Yb等稀土元素，它们的回收率为88．0％-110％，相对标准偏差为0．3％-2．7％；富集和测定了水系沉积物国家标准物质（GBW07311）中这6种稀土元素，结果与认定值吻合，相对标准偏差为1．1％-5．2％。

微腔与腔量子电动力学研究进展

光学微腔中原子之自发辐射与自由空间中原子的自发辐射有着重要的不同。微腔能够控制腔内原子的自发辐射,使自发辐射得到抑制或增强,并有可能使自发辐射成为一个可逆过程。由此发展起来的腔量子电动力学能够阐述腔场与原子的相互作用。本文简要介绍了这一研究领域的背景和进展,同时介绍了微腔的重要应用-无阈值激光器。