The Porter Hypothesis,proposed by Michael E.Porter,suggests that stringent environmental regulations can enhance corporate innovation and competitiveness,challenging the traditional view that regulations increase busi...The Porter Hypothesis,proposed by Michael E.Porter,suggests that stringent environmental regulations can enhance corporate innovation and competitiveness,challenging the traditional view that regulations increase business costs.It argues that regulations motivate firms to innovate,leading to improved productivity,cost reductions,and new market opportunities.However,there are proponents and critics in academia regarding the hypothesis.Supporters claim regulations change corporate behavior,reducing agency costs and boosting research and development.Critics argue that if win-win situations exist,businesses would naturally pursue them without regulatory incentives.Key challenges in proving or refuting the hypothesis include its various versions,the difficulty in quantifying innovation and competitiveness,the complex interplay between regulation,innovation,and competitiveness,and the varying impacts across industries and regions.Additionally,the effects may require a long time to manifest,and the hypothesis’s applicability is influenced by evolving environmental policies and market environments.Despite mixed empirical findings,the Porter Hypothesis provides a valuable framework for understanding the relationships among environmental regulation,innovation,and competitiveness,but its validation requires a more comprehensive assessment.展开更多
This paper examines the acquisition of subject-verb agreement inflections in the natural speech corpus of two mono-lingual children speaking Yemeni Ibbi Arabic(YIA)between 2 and 3 years old.The two children are Ibrahi...This paper examines the acquisition of subject-verb agreement inflections in the natural speech corpus of two mono-lingual children speaking Yemeni Ibbi Arabic(YIA)between 2 and 3 years old.The two children are Ibrahim and Wala(between the age of 2;1 and 2;10)with Mean Lenghth of Utterance(MLU)range of 2.72 to 3.23 for Ibrahim and 2.9 to 3.27 for Wala.YIA,as a variety of Arabic,has rich and complex morphological system with a fusional type.Verbs are inflected with tense and agreement.Each verbal inflection is marked for person,number,and gender agreement.However,this paper attempts to explore how agreement forms are acquired by YIA-speaking children and examines when YIA children distinguish between first,second,and third person agreement,singular and plural,masculine and feminine agreement forms.The paper argues that agreement inflections(person,number,gender)are available to children early,thereby supporting the Strong Continuity Hypothesis(Lust,1999).Moreover,the results give evidence to Wexler’s Hypothesis(1998),Very Early Knowledge of Inflection(VEKI),which says that children know the grammatical and phonological properties of inflections in a language in the earliest stages when they enter the two-word stage.Similarly,this study tests Hoekstra and Hyams’(1995)Early Morpho-syntactic Convergence(EMC)which proposed that children acquire the specifics of inflections of the target language at an early stage.展开更多
Based on theoretical derivation,this paper aims to analyse the internal relationship between Porter Hypothesis and Environmental Kuznets Curve.Conclusions were made:(1)In terms of theoretical analysis and empirical re...Based on theoretical derivation,this paper aims to analyse the internal relationship between Porter Hypothesis and Environmental Kuznets Curve.Conclusions were made:(1)In terms of theoretical analysis and empirical researches,the existence of inverted U-shaped EKC and U-shaped Porter Curve has its rationality,most of the controversy come from the misuse and diversity of empirical methods;(2)The progress of Porter Hypothesis also relys on economic growth,which is compatible with EKC;(3)Similar to EKC,a threshold effect exist in the process of technological progress.Environmental regulation is a driving force to promote the widespread use of green technology and reach the threshold.(4)In the process of speeding up economic development,government should gradually increase the intensity of environmental regulation.展开更多
文摘The Porter Hypothesis,proposed by Michael E.Porter,suggests that stringent environmental regulations can enhance corporate innovation and competitiveness,challenging the traditional view that regulations increase business costs.It argues that regulations motivate firms to innovate,leading to improved productivity,cost reductions,and new market opportunities.However,there are proponents and critics in academia regarding the hypothesis.Supporters claim regulations change corporate behavior,reducing agency costs and boosting research and development.Critics argue that if win-win situations exist,businesses would naturally pursue them without regulatory incentives.Key challenges in proving or refuting the hypothesis include its various versions,the difficulty in quantifying innovation and competitiveness,the complex interplay between regulation,innovation,and competitiveness,and the varying impacts across industries and regions.Additionally,the effects may require a long time to manifest,and the hypothesis’s applicability is influenced by evolving environmental policies and market environments.Despite mixed empirical findings,the Porter Hypothesis provides a valuable framework for understanding the relationships among environmental regulation,innovation,and competitiveness,but its validation requires a more comprehensive assessment.
文摘This paper examines the acquisition of subject-verb agreement inflections in the natural speech corpus of two mono-lingual children speaking Yemeni Ibbi Arabic(YIA)between 2 and 3 years old.The two children are Ibrahim and Wala(between the age of 2;1 and 2;10)with Mean Lenghth of Utterance(MLU)range of 2.72 to 3.23 for Ibrahim and 2.9 to 3.27 for Wala.YIA,as a variety of Arabic,has rich and complex morphological system with a fusional type.Verbs are inflected with tense and agreement.Each verbal inflection is marked for person,number,and gender agreement.However,this paper attempts to explore how agreement forms are acquired by YIA-speaking children and examines when YIA children distinguish between first,second,and third person agreement,singular and plural,masculine and feminine agreement forms.The paper argues that agreement inflections(person,number,gender)are available to children early,thereby supporting the Strong Continuity Hypothesis(Lust,1999).Moreover,the results give evidence to Wexler’s Hypothesis(1998),Very Early Knowledge of Inflection(VEKI),which says that children know the grammatical and phonological properties of inflections in a language in the earliest stages when they enter the two-word stage.Similarly,this study tests Hoekstra and Hyams’(1995)Early Morpho-syntactic Convergence(EMC)which proposed that children acquire the specifics of inflections of the target language at an early stage.
文摘Based on theoretical derivation,this paper aims to analyse the internal relationship between Porter Hypothesis and Environmental Kuznets Curve.Conclusions were made:(1)In terms of theoretical analysis and empirical researches,the existence of inverted U-shaped EKC and U-shaped Porter Curve has its rationality,most of the controversy come from the misuse and diversity of empirical methods;(2)The progress of Porter Hypothesis also relys on economic growth,which is compatible with EKC;(3)Similar to EKC,a threshold effect exist in the process of technological progress.Environmental regulation is a driving force to promote the widespread use of green technology and reach the threshold.(4)In the process of speeding up economic development,government should gradually increase the intensity of environmental regulation.
