Early Treatment Outcome of Humeral Shaft Fracture Non-Union in Adults: Comparative Study of Plating versus Interlocking Nailing

Background: Fractures of humeral shaft in adults are common injuries. Humeral shafts non-union either from late presentation after initial treatment by traditional bone setters or failed non-operative orthodox care is a major problem in this part of the world. This non-union is a major treatment challenge with increased cost of care and morbidity in this part of the world. Humeral shaft non-union can be treated with locked intra-medullary nailing (LIMN) or dynamic compression plating (DCP). Study on comparison of these methods of fixation in this part of the world is scarce in literature search, hence the reason for this study. Objective: The objectives of this study are: (1) to compare early clinical outcome following fixation of humeral shaft fracture nonunion with DCP versus LIMN;(2) to compare the time of radiologic fracture union of DCP with LIMN;(3) to compare complications following fixation of humeral shaft fracture nonunion with DCP versus LIMN. Patients and Methods: This was a randomized control study done for 2 years in which fifty adult patients with humeral shaft non-union were recruited. The patients were grouped into 2 (P = DCP & N = LIMN). Forty five of the patients completed the follow up periods of the study and then analyzed. The P group had ORIF with DCP while the N group had ORIF with LIMN. Both groups had grafting with cancellous bones. Each patient was followed up for a period of 6 months at the time which radiographic union is expected. Any patient without clinical and/or radiographic evidence of union after six months of surgery was diagnosed as having recurrent non-union. The data generated was analyzed using SPSS Version 23. The results were presented in charts and tables. The paired t-test was used while considering p value Result: Forty five patients completed follow up. There was a male preponderance (4:1), right humerus predominated (3:2). Motor vehicular accidents were the commonest cause of the fractures (62%). Most non-union fractures occurred at the level of the middle 3rd of the humeral shaft (60%). Failed TBS treatment was the commonest indication for the osteosynthesis (71%). More patients had plating (53%) compared to 47% who had LIMN. Most patients (93.4%) had union between 3 to 6 months irrespective of fixation type with no significant statistical difference between the union rate of DCP and LIMN (p value 0.06) with similar functional outcome and complication rates irrespective of the type of fixation. Conclusion: This study showed that the success rates in term of fracture union, outcome functional grades and complication rates were not directly dependent on the types of the fixation: plating or locked intra-medullary nailing.

Open banking and inclusive finance in the European Union:perspectives from the Dutch stakeholder ecosystem

In the European Union(EU),the revised Payment Services Directive(PSD2)aims to provide more convenient and customized financial products through open banking(OB)platforms.However,little attention has been paid to the role of OB in improving the financial well-being of the growing number of the EU’s underserved groups,which currently constitute approximately a quarter of its population.This study examines how the PSD2 and OB impact inclusive finance in the EU based on the perspectives of the Netherlands’ecosystem,one of the leaders in the EU’s financial technology(FinTech)landscape.A fundamental distinction can be drawn between the OB users and the ecosystem’s players.Regarding the impact of financial services on the users’inclusivity,while the PSD2 strengthens the infrastructure necessary for financial inclusion,many challenges remain,mainly because it was not designed for this purpose.This study identifies several areas of improvement that include adjustments to the know your customer and anti-money laundering processes for underserved customers,innovative ways to communicate the PSD2’s potential,and the regulation of technology providers’activities to build trust.Meanwhile,from the ecosystem’s position,there is a need to strengthen and improve microfinance regulation according to the opportunities provided by the PSD2 to support microfinance institutions(MFIs)in scaling up and reaching underserved clients across borders with innovative services.OB improvements can also be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and FinTechs in collaboration with banks.Such hybrid institutions will combine the best features of each of them:knowledge of the needs of local underserved clients from MFIs,technological innovations from FinTechs,and large and trusted customer bases,infrastructures,and access to institutional investments and governments from banks.Finally,an EU inclusive OB sector depends on the centrality of trusted regulators as coordination bodies.The PSD2 requires adjustments for underserved populations’specific needs.OB improvements can be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and Fin-Techs in collaboration with banks.Regulated technical service providers(TSPs)are crucial to building trust and customer adoption in OB.The European Banking Authority(EBA)may function as coordination body to design inclusive rules by engaging with OB stakeholders.As inclusive finance moves into open-finance and data eras,an increasing regulatory complexity and scope will require networks of innovative and trusted regulators.

Research on the Interior Decoration Characteristics of Peking Union Medical College Phase I Project

Peking Union Medical College was founded in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.Since then,society and politics have been rapidly changing,and its architectural aesthetics reflect the idea of advocating the West and inheriting tradition.Through research and actual investigation,this paper summarizes the current status of its building from two aspects,interior decoration art and interior decoration technology,analyzes the interior decoration characteristics of Peking Union Medical College Phase I Project,and records the archives of Peking Union Medical College’s decoration technology.

Research on the Regulatory Framework of Advanced Therapies in the European Union and the United States

Objective To study the regulatory framework of advanced therapies in the European Union and the United States,and to provide reference for the regulation of cell-and gene-based therapeutic products in China.Methods The legal and regulatory documents,annual reports,work information and related literature published on the websites of the FDA and European Medicines Agency(EMA)were reviewed to analyze the regulatory models of advanced therapies in the European Union and the United States.Results and Conclusion the United States and the European Union have carried out a lot of work in the classification standards of advanced therapies,policy formulation and accelerated listing procedures.Therefore,they have established a relatively mature regulatory system.China can learn from their experience and continuously improve the regulatory system to help the sustainable development of gene and cell therapy industry.

数字中国背景下“智慧工会”建设与未来发展趋势

新时代我国信息化工作进入加快数字化发展、建设数字中国的新阶段。工会网上工作是党和国家网信事业的重要组成部分。党的十八大以来,全国各级工会高度重视工会网上工作开展,立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,抢抓信息革命机遇,围绕中心、服务大局,加快推进智慧工会建设高质量发展。数字中国背景下,我国工会网上工作从“互联网+工会”迈入“智慧工会”建设的关键时期。本文阐析了“智慧工会”建设存在的问题和面临的困难,并从信息理念的数字化转变、管理模式的网络化转变、决策形式的智能化转变和宣传方式的全媒体化转变四个方面阐析“智慧工会”建设的未来发展路径和趋势。

欧盟“数字双法”对数字经济的影响研究

为防止国际大型服务平台对欧洲数字市场造成不良影响,推动数字服务领域的公平竞争,欧盟于2022年公布并实施了《数字市场法》和《数字服务法》。欧盟“数字双法”出台的根本目标是一致的,都致力于促进欧盟单一数字市场的繁荣与规范。但二者侧重点有所不同,《数字市场法》更侧重于反垄断和促进公平竞争,《数字服务法》更侧重于数字服务和数字内容治理。文章在对欧盟“数字双法”进行比较分析的基础上,剖析了二者对数字经济的影响机理和现实效果,重点探究了对中国的影响和启示,并建议中国政府和企业应努力做到:完善数字领域制度体系;适应欧盟“数字双法”新规;拓展欧盟数字市场;拓展其他海外市场。

超高压压裂管汇由壬接头预紧特性分析

针对超高压压裂管汇由壬接头安装预紧力不当导致结构破坏或密封泄漏的问题,以某公司研制的175 MPa超高压由壬接头为研究对象,利用ABAQUS建立由壬接触模型,采用有限单元法对该接头进行应力分析与强度评定以及密封性能判定。结果表明:预紧力大小对母由壬应力几乎没有影响,对公由壬、翼型螺母和三瓣挡圈应力有显著影响,且都呈现正相关性,影响程度从高到低依次为公由壬、翼型螺母、三瓣挡圈和母由壬;额定工况下预紧力超过250 kN时,公由壬轴肩圆角处应力超过其材料许用应力,结构静强度不满足要求可能会发生结构破坏;预紧力小于150 kN时,不足以抵抗内压作用,公由壬和母由壬球头锥面密封结构分离;在能够确保球头锥面密封性和结构安全性的150~250 kN预紧力范围内,氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)密封圈表面接触应力始终大于实时流体工作压力,密封圈密封性能良好。推荐安装预紧力范围为150~250 kN,在该范围内密封圈结构的静强度以及密封性均能满足要求。

论欧盟消费争端解决机制及其经验借鉴

经济全球化加剧了国际市场的复杂性,使消费者的弱势地位更加明显。欧盟及其主要成员国基于弱者保护理论、公司社会责任理论、实质正义理论以及政府公正执法理念,建立了优势鲜明的消费争端解决机制,主要包括惩罚性损害赔偿原则以及小额诉讼、集体诉讼、集体仲裁、公益诉讼等制度。其以保护消费者为核心理念的争端解决机制,灵活实用的小额消费诉讼机制,功能特殊的消费公益诉讼机制,优势鲜明的消费者集体诉讼机制和消费者集体仲裁机制,独具一格的惩罚性损害赔偿原则,为其他国家消费争端解决机制的建立和健全提供了宝贵经验。

北京协和医学院临床医学改革试点班中医课程的教学评价

目的对首三届北京协和医学院临床医学专业“4+4”改革试点班的《中医学》课程进行教学评价。方法采用问卷星无记名问卷调查方式,统计及分析总结2019级、2020级和2021级学生填写的《中医学教学问卷调查表》。结果大部分学生对中医感兴趣、认为有必要学习《中医学》课程,认为《中医学》授课教师充分备课,教学内容与教材、教学大纲、授课PPT相匹配,教学内容与临床紧密结合,对教学手段和方法满意。结论教学评价有助于教师总结教学经验和提升《中医学》课程的教学质量。

骨折延迟愈合与骨不连现状与趋势:一项运用Citespace文献计量学及数据可视化研究

目的:使用文献计量学及数据可视化分析技术,对骨折延迟愈合与骨不连的相关文献进行综合分析,总结该领域的研究现状及前沿动态,并推测未来发展趋势。方法:检索Web of Science核心数据库中2002年1月1日至2023年12月31日的骨折延迟愈合与骨不连文献作为研究对象,使用Citespace软件对相关文献发表的国家、研究机构、杂志、作者、关键词等信息进行数据分析及可视化分析。结果:符合检索条件的文献9403篇,符合纳入标准的为9183篇,该领域发文量呈上升趋势,发达国家和相关国家的研究机构在该领域的研究中占据主导地位,但中国及上海交通大学等机构则在该领域发展迅速,处于追赶地位,频次最高的关键词为managemen(t治疗),关键词共形成15个聚类,突现关键词25个。结论:骨折延迟愈合与骨不连研究处于不断发展的状态,逐渐从手术治疗转向对疾病的发病机制及骨修复与再生领域的研究,研究层次不断加深。骨修复与再生将成为该领域未来研究的主要趋势。

PFAS在石油工业的应用及其替代研究进展

介绍了欧盟PFAS限制提案进展。综述了目前非聚合含氟化学品和含氟聚合物在石油工业中的应用,以及非氟类替代品在石油工业的应用情况,并对替代品进行了初步评估。

欧盟农药残留特别贸易关注发展趋势分析

欧盟是我国植物源农产品出口的重要目标市场,也是全球食品安全管理最严苛的地区之一。近年来,欧盟连续撤销多种农药的登记授权,并将相关农药残留限量(MRLs)降低至定量限(LOQ)水平,对农产品的国际贸易产生了重要影响。世界贸易组织(WTO)成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的关注度也越来越高。本文收集整理了1995年至2022年间WTO成员提出的与欧盟农药残留管控相关的“卫生与植物卫生措施特别贸易关注(specific trade concerns on sanitary and phytosanitary measures,SPS STCs)”议题,系统梳理了WTO成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的关注情况,包括关注议题数量、提出关注议题的成员、涉及的管控措施类型、产品种类及解决情况,总结分析了WTO成员对欧盟农药残留管控措施的主要关注点,并尝试提出了相应的应对思考建议。

突发事件下欧盟农产品供应链治理实践与经验启示

近年来,自然灾害、新冠疫情与俄乌冲突等事件频发冲击了全球农产品供应链体系,影响粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给。中国农业正处于高质量发展的关键阶段,加强供应链韧性建设,提高链条风险调控能力成为当务之急,有必要总结农业发达国家和地区供应链先进治理实践经验以供借鉴。本研究以欧盟农产品供应链为研究对象,分析突发事件下欧盟农产品供应链面临的风险挑战,总结欧盟在农产品供应链治理上的实践经验,鉴于欧盟经验,瞄准中国国情,得到完善中国农产品供应链的相关启示:强化农业投入品多元化发展意识,提高供应链末端营销与服务能力,提升农产品供应链“内循环”韧性,完善农产品供应链“外循环”建设,以推动中国农业高质量发展。

全民数字素养框架制定方法研究——欧盟公民数字能力框架的经验与启示

欧盟公民数字能力框架经过十余年理论与实证相结合的发展和完善,已在国际上获得广泛认可,其制定方法和经验值得我国参考和借鉴。文章以欧盟公民数字能力框架为例,梳理其社会背景和发展过程,分析其概念映射、案例研究、专家征询、涉众咨询、持续更新和衍生研究等阶段的研究方法,并从顶层设计、方法体系、多元协同和统筹布局等方面探讨其经验与启示,以期为构建符合中国国情又面向未来发展需求的本土数字素养框架提供思路和参考。

中国碳市场建设成效与展望(2024)

碳交易通过显性碳定价原则,将排放的负外部效应内部成本化,为处理经济发展与减排关系提供了一种解决方案。截至2023年,全球共28个碳交易体系投入运行,覆盖的温室气体排放量超过全球排放总量的17%,实施区域从发达国家逐步拓展至发展中国家,从欧洲、北美等地逐步拓展至拉美、东亚等地,更多的区域选择将碳市场减排目标与宏观减排目标绑定,并通过不断优化制度提高市场有效性,碳市场影响力逐步提高。2023年中国全国碳市场核算、核查、配额分配、数据管理、自愿减排等制度方法取得重要突破,全年配额成交2.12亿吨,是2022年的4.2倍,成交均价68.15元/吨,较2022年上涨23.24%,较第一个履约周期上涨59.04%。经过两个履约周期的建设,全国碳市场已形成要素完整的全流程制度框架,责任主体分工明确,支撑平台安全运转,碳排放数据质量大幅提高,碳价格发现机制初步形成,碳减排激励约束效果初显,推动碳市场成为中国实现“双碳”战略目标的重要政策工具。下一步全国碳市场将扩大行业覆盖范围,梯次纳入水泥、民航、电解铝、钢铁等行业;优化配额分配方法,适时引入有偿分配机制;调整履约机制,明确结余配额结转规定;出台多项中国核证自愿减排方法学,完善强制减排与自愿减排市场的衔接;加快推进与国际碳市场的连接,促进技术、方法、标准、数据互认互通,协助积极应对欧盟碳边境调节机制。

富血小板血浆联合玻璃酸钠对骨质疏松性骨折大鼠的影响

目的探讨富血小板血浆联合玻璃酸钠对骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨愈合、血管生成及NFATc1信号通路的影响。方法选取50只SPF级SD雌性大鼠,随机分为正常(NO)组,模型(MO)组,富血小板血浆(PP)组,玻璃酸钠(SH)组,富血小板血浆联合玻璃酸钠(PS)组。通过小动物骨密度仪检测骨密度、生物力学试验机检测骨生物力学、HE染色法检测骨组织病理形态、ELISA法检测血清中血管生成相关因子含量、免疫印迹法检测大鼠骨组织中NFATc1信号通路蛋白表达。结果与NO组相比,MO组骨密度、刚度、最大载荷、最大压强、弹性模量、血管数量及血管面积、VEGF、bFGF、ANG-1含量显著降低(P<0.05),股骨组织NFATc1、OSCAR蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05),与MO组相比,PP组、SH组、PS组骨密度、刚度、最大载荷、最大压强、弹性模量、血管数量及血管面积、VEGF、bFGF、ANG-1含量明显升高(P<0.05),股骨组织NFATc1、OSCAR蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),且SH组与PP组相比无明显差异(P>0.05),PS组比SH组变化显著(P<0.05)。结论富血小板血浆联合玻璃酸钠对骨质疏松性骨折大鼠具有显著疗效,可有效促进骨愈合及血管生成,并抑制NFATc1信号通路。

非盟数字教育战略的逻辑动因、行动路向与价值坐标

为全面推进非洲教育数字化转型,赋能教育全纳高质量发展,非盟出台了《数字教育战略与实施计划》,绘制了2023-2028年非盟区域数字教育发展战略路线图,通过新基建支持、本真内涵回归、循证决策引导、安全治理保障等战略行动,建立非盟数字技术赋能教育全纳优质发展的区域生态系统。非盟数字教育战略充分体现了数字技术赋能教育公平、国际教育援助彰显人文理性、网络安全与伦理治理确保数字技术“向善”的价值坐标。

中苏现代化的比较研究——以20世纪80年代的中苏改革为例

社会主义的发展实践表明,到20世纪70年代苏联模式的活力已经耗尽。无论是中国还是苏联,要想赶上现代化的步伐,都必须对原来的社会主义模式进行改革。1977年邓小平复出后便开始酝酿改革。1978年中共十一届三中全会正式吹响了改革的号角。苏联则在1985年3月戈尔巴乔夫担任苏共中央总书记后开始改革。在苏联开启改革时,中国已经有了一些成功经验,但苏共并未吸取。中苏两国走的是不同的改革道路,两国在对待传统社会主义理论的态度、经济改革和实现现代化的目标与手段、改革中的政治制度安排、处理自身与世界的关系等方面都存在很大不同,其结果自然也不一样。中国在理论与实践上都突破了苏联模式,开启了新型现代化道路。苏联的改革没有带来国家经济状况的好转和人民生活水平的提高,苏共虽提出很多新理论新概念但得不到民众的认同,最后丧失了政权。

欧盟金融数据治理:框架、重点与启示

加强金融数据治理,促进金融数据顺畅流动和高效使用,是经济高质量发展的内在要求。经过多年发展,欧盟积累了较为丰富的数据治理经验,并逐步建立起较为完善的数据治理体系。前期,欧盟强调个人数据保护;但在过去的3~4年,数字经济立法更加强调消除数据流动障碍,促进数据共享。目前,欧盟在数据权利界定、权利保护、跨境流动等方面已建立了较为完善的法律体系,并形成了从欧盟到成员国再到金融业最后到单一金融机构的统一性、垂直性和专业化的金融数据治理体系。我国可学习欧盟经验,加强对国家数字经济和数字金融发展的顶层设计,以法制建设为核心完善金融数据治理的长效机制,强化金融数据跨境安全流动机制,加强数据流动应用和价值挖掘,高质量发展数字市场和数字服务,提升数字金融的国际竞争力,推进金融强国建设。

一种基于验证的量子私有集合计算协议

私有集合计算是安全多方计算的重要组成部分,可以在不暴露合法参与者私有信息的情况下解决参与者之间的某些集合计算问题(如交集、并集)。然而现有的量子私有集合计算协议基本上没有考虑验证性,参与者无法确定计算结果是否正确。针对此问题,提出了一种基于验证的量子私有集合计算协议。此外,该协议还能够可选择地求解私有交集或并集问题。性能分析中通过实例证明了该协议的正确性与可验证性,并通过外部攻击和参与者攻击证明了协议的安全性。