Three mechanisms for an alternative to the Doppler effect as an explanation for the redshift are reviewed. A fourth mechanism is the attenuation of the light as given by the Beer-Lambert law. The average value of the ...Three mechanisms for an alternative to the Doppler effect as an explanation for the redshift are reviewed. A fourth mechanism is the attenuation of the light as given by the Beer-Lambert law. The average value of the Hubble constant is therefore derived by processing the galaxies of the NED-D catalog in which the distances are independent of the redshift. The observed anisotropy of the Hubble constant is reproduced by adopting a rim model, a chord model, and both 2D and 3D Voronoi diagrams.展开更多
Oil and gas exploration and production is the most important and key segment in the whole business chain of the petroleum industry.Therefore,oil companies always put much emphasis on making scientific and reasonable d...Oil and gas exploration and production is the most important and key segment in the whole business chain of the petroleum industry.Therefore,oil companies always put much emphasis on making scientific and reasonable decisions about investment scale and structure in the upstream sector,so that they can minimise business risks and obtain high returns.According to the system dynamics theories and methods and based on the actual results from an oil company's practice in China,a system dynamics model is built in this paper for analyzing and forecasting the upstream investment scale and structure for an oil company.This model was used to analyze the investment effect of a large oil company in China, and the results showed that the total upstream investment scale will decline slowly in a short period and the investment proportion of different parts should be adjusted if some influencing factors are taken into account.This application practice was compared with the actual data and indicated that the system dynamics(SD) model presented in this paper is a useful tool for analyzing and forecasting of upstream investment scale and structure of oil companies in their investment decisions.展开更多
The dynamic characteristics of the large scale coherent structures in a forced free shear layer are experi- mentally studied by means of flow visualization. The quantitative measurements are acquired by the use of a L...The dynamic characteristics of the large scale coherent structures in a forced free shear layer are experi- mentally studied by means of flow visualization. The quantitative measurements are acquired by the use of a LDV. It is shown that the development of the coherent structures can be greatly influenced by upstream artificial perturbations and as a result the mixing in the layer can be controlled. Like vortex merging, vortex splitting is also a common evolu- tion pattern in the development of the coherent structures.展开更多
Time evolution of ionospheric D-region plasmas including the perturbations of electrons and charged aerosol particles is investigated under the conditions of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). It is shown that t...Time evolution of ionospheric D-region plasmas including the perturbations of electrons and charged aerosol particles is investigated under the conditions of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). It is shown that the time scale of decay of the electron density is in the order of an hour under typical PMSE conditions, in the majority of cases, the electron density is anticorrelated to the ion density, except that the radius of aerosol particles is greater than 50 nm. Also, the evolutions under varied parameters, such as the amplitude and width of perturbation, the aerosol particle radius, and the altitude of the PMSE occurrence are investigated. The obtained results are useful for interpreting the experimental observations.展开更多
In this paper, several mathematical models for the large scale structures in some special kinds of mixing layers, which might be practically useful for enhancing the mixing, are proposed. First, the linear growth rate...In this paper, several mathematical models for the large scale structures in some special kinds of mixing layers, which might be practically useful for enhancing the mixing, are proposed. First, the linear growth rate of the large scale structures in the mixing layers was calculated. Then, using the much improved weakly non-linear theory, combined with the energy method, the non-linear evolution of large scale structures in two special mixing layer configurations is calculated. One of the mixing lavers has equal magnitudes of the upstream velocity vectors, while the angles between the velocity vectors and the trailing edge were pi /2 - phi and pi /2 + phi, respectively. The other mixing layer was generated by a splitter-plate with a 45-degree-sweep trailing edge.展开更多
In lhis paper experimental research is carried out for the existence of larqe andsmall scale .structures in turbulent boundary layer and the interactions between these structures. Based on the experimental results ,a ...In lhis paper experimental research is carried out for the existence of larqe andsmall scale .structures in turbulent boundary layer and the interactions between these structures. Based on the experimental results ,a new cethod is suggested io (iescribethe coherent strucures in which the interactions between between the coherent and small-scale slructures are considered ,Using this method a new pattern recognition method is and rough wall conditions. The results show that the suggested method is reasonable .展开更多
In this study, the matrix structure, state and composition of the mill scales of four typical domestically made 510L hot-rolled strips were observed and analyzed by means of optical microscopy (OM) ,scanning electro...In this study, the matrix structure, state and composition of the mill scales of four typical domestically made 510L hot-rolled strips were observed and analyzed by means of optical microscopy (OM) ,scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion behavior of the steels with and without mill scales were investigated by means of hot-humid corrosion tests under the condition of relative humidity ( RH ) of 95% at 50℃ and 70℃, respectively. The results show that the matrix structures, state, composition and thickness of mill scales vary in the strips. The rusting starting time of the specimens with scales is generally a bit longer than that of the specimens without scales, but their corrosion mass-gain is higher. For these two kinds of specimens ,their corrosion rate increases significantly with the increase of temperature. The rusting behavior of the 510L strips produced by various plants is different due to the variations of hot-rolling processes and designed chemical compositions. Various relevant aspects should be taken into account in the evaluation of the corrosion behavior of hot-rolled strips.展开更多
The robust stability analysis for large scale linear systems with structured time varying uncertainties is investigated in this paper.By using the scalar L...The robust stability analysis for large scale linear systems with structured time varying uncertainties is investigated in this paper.By using the scalar Lyapunov functions and the properties of M matrix and nonnegative matrix,stability robustness measures are proposed.The robust stability criteria obtained are applied to derive an algebric criterion which is expressed directly in terms of plant parameters and is shown to be less conservative than the existing ones.A numerical example is given to demonstrate the stability criteria obtained and to compare them with the previous ones.展开更多
The bimodal structure of the Meiyu front system is readdressed after Zhou et al.(2005). The physical mechanism of the formation of the bimodal distribution is discussed. The bimodal structure of the Melyu front syst...The bimodal structure of the Meiyu front system is readdressed after Zhou et al.(2005). The physical mechanism of the formation of the bimodal distribution is discussed. The bimodal structure of the Melyu front system considerably results from atmospheric moisture gradients, though atmospheric temperature gradients are also not negligible. According to the definition of equivalent potential temperature, and by scale analysis, we find that atmospheric equivalent potential temperature gradients, which could be regarded as an indicator of the Meiyu front system, could be mainly attributed to the variations of atmospheric potential temperature gradients with a scaling factor of 1 and moisture gradients multiplied by a scaling factor of an order of about 2.5 × 10^3, which means that small variations of atmospheric moisture gradients could lead to large variations of equivalent potential temperature gradients, and thus large variations of the Meiyu front system. Quantitative diagnostics with a mesoscale simulation data in the vicinity of the Meiyu front system show that moisture gradients contribute to equivalent potential temperature gradients more than potential temperature gradients.展开更多
The approach of Obukhov assuming a constant skewness was used to obtain analytical corrections to the scaling of the second order structure function, starting from Kolmogorov's 4/5 law. These corrections can be used ...The approach of Obukhov assuming a constant skewness was used to obtain analytical corrections to the scaling of the second order structure function, starting from Kolmogorov's 4/5 law. These corrections can be used in model applications in which explicit expressions, rather than numerical solutions are needed. The comparison with an interpolation formula proposed by Batchelor, showed that the latter gives surprisingly precise results. The modification of the same method to obtain analytical corrections to the scaling law, taking into account the possible corrections induced by intermittency, is also proposed.展开更多
The details of the special three-dimensional micro-nano scale ripples with a period of hundreds of microns on the surfaces of a Zr-based and a La-based metallic glass irradiated separately by single laser pulse are in...The details of the special three-dimensional micro-nano scale ripples with a period of hundreds of microns on the surfaces of a Zr-based and a La-based metallic glass irradiated separately by single laser pulse are investigated.We use the small-amplitude capillary wave theory to unveil the ripple formation mechanism through considering each of the molten metallic glasses as an incompressible viscous fluid.A generalized model is presented to describe the special morphology,which fits the experimental result well.It is also revealed that the viscosity brings about the biggest effect on the monotone decreasing nature of the amplitude and the wavelength of the surface ripples.The greater the viscosity is,the shorter the amplitude and the wavelength are.展开更多
We demonstrate that certain astrophysical distributions can be modelled with the truncated Weibull distribution, which can lead to some insights: in particular, we report the average value, the <em>r</em>t...We demonstrate that certain astrophysical distributions can be modelled with the truncated Weibull distribution, which can lead to some insights: in particular, we report the average value, the <em>r</em>th moment, the variance, the median, the mode, the generation of random numbers, and the evaluation of the two parameters with maximum likelihood estimators. The first application of the Weibull distribution is the initial mass function for stars. The magnitude version of the Weibull distribution is applied to the luminosity function for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies and to the photometric maximum of the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) galaxies. The truncated Weibull luminosity function allows us to model the average value of the absolute magnitude as a function of the redshift for the 2MRS galaxies.展开更多
An aliasing effect brought up by mass assignment onto Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) grids may bias measurement of the power spectrum of large scale structures. In this paper, based on the Beylkin's unequally sp...An aliasing effect brought up by mass assignment onto Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) grids may bias measurement of the power spectrum of large scale structures. In this paper, based on the Beylkin's unequally spaced FFT technique, we propose a new precise method to extract the true power spectrum of a large discrete data set. We compare the traditional mass assignment schemes with the new method using the Daub6 and the 3rd-order B-spline scaling functions. Our measurement of Poisson samples and samples of N-body simulations shows that the B-spline scaling function is an optimal choice for mass assignment in the sense that (1) it has a compact support in real space and thus yields an efficient algorithm (2) without any extra corrections. The Fourier space behavior of the 3rd-order B-spline scaling function enables it to be able to accurately recover the true power spectrum with errors less than 5% up to k 〈 kN. It is expected that such a method can be applied to higher order statistics in Fourier space and will enable us to have a precision capture of the non-Gaussian features in the large scale structure of the universe.展开更多
The truncated version of the two-parameter Sujatha distribution is analysed. In particular, its probability density function and distribution function are obtained. The results are applied to the initial mass function...The truncated version of the two-parameter Sujatha distribution is analysed. In particular, its probability density function and distribution function are obtained. The results are applied to the initial mass function for stars, to the luminosity function for galaxies, to the number of galaxies as a function of the redshift and to the average absolute magnitude of a galaxy as a function of its redshift.展开更多
Thermodynamic/dynamic modeling of liquid immiscibility in silicates is seriously hindered due to lack of in situ investigation on the structural evolution of the melt.In this work,atomic-scale structural evolution of ...Thermodynamic/dynamic modeling of liquid immiscibility in silicates is seriously hindered due to lack of in situ investigation on the structural evolution of the melt.In this work,atomic-scale structural evolution of a classic binary silicate immiscible system,SiO2–TiO2,is tracked by in situ high energy X-ray diffraction(HE-XRD).It is found that both the configuration of[SiO]and the polymerization between them are closely coupled with embedment and extraction of the metallic cations(Ti^4+).[SiO]monomer goes through deficit-oxygen and excess-polymerization before liquid–liquid separation and enables self-healing after liquid–liquid separation,which challenges the traditional cognition that[SiO4]monomer is immutable.Ti4+cations with tetrahedral oxygen-coordination first participate in the network construction before liquid separation.The four-fold Ti–O bond is broken during liquid separation,which may facilitate the movement of Ti4+across the Si–O network to form TiO2-rich nodules.The structural features of nodules were also investigated and they were found highly analogous to that of molten TiO2,which implies a parallel crystallization behavior in the two circumstances.Our results shed light on the structural evolution scenario in liquid immiscibility at atomic scale,which will contribute to constructing a complete thermodynamic/dynamic framework describing the silicate liquid immiscibility systems beyond current models.展开更多
We study the evolution of the configuration entropy of HI distribution in the post-reionization era assuming different time evolution of HI bias.We describe time evolution of linear bias of HI distribution using a sim...We study the evolution of the configuration entropy of HI distribution in the post-reionization era assuming different time evolution of HI bias.We describe time evolution of linear bias of HI distribution using a simple form b(a)=b_(0)a^(n) with different index n.The derivative of the configuration entropy rate is known to exhibit a peak at the scale factor corresponding to theΛ-matter equality in the unbiasedΛCDM model.We show that in theΛCDM model with time-dependent linear bias,the peak shifts to smaller scale factors for negative values of n.This is related to the fact that the growth of structures in the HI density field can significantly slow down even before the onset ofΛdomination in the presence of a strong time evolution of the HI bias.We find that the shift is linearly related to the index n.We obtain the best fit relation between these two parameters and propose that identifying the location of this peak from observations would allow us to constrain the time evolution of HI bias within the framework of theΛCDM model.展开更多
Galaxy redshift surveys are one of the key probes in modern cosmology.In the data analysis of galaxy surveys,the precision of the statistical measurement is primarily limited by the cosmic variance on large scales.For...Galaxy redshift surveys are one of the key probes in modern cosmology.In the data analysis of galaxy surveys,the precision of the statistical measurement is primarily limited by the cosmic variance on large scales.Fortunately,this limitation can in principle be mitigated by observing multiple types of biased tracers.In this brief review,we present the idea of the multi-tracer method,outline key steps in the data analysis and show several worked examples based on the GAMA,BOSS and e BOSS galaxy surveys.This work is a part of a special issue dedicated to the 20 th anniversary of RAA(2001–2020),which is prefaced in Wang&Ip(2020).展开更多
Fast Fourier transform based estimators are formulated for measuring momentum power spectra,including the auto power spectra of the momentum,the momentum divergence,and the cross spectrum of density fluctuation and mo...Fast Fourier transform based estimators are formulated for measuring momentum power spectra,including the auto power spectra of the momentum,the momentum divergence,and the cross spectrum of density fluctuation and momentum divergence.Algorithms using the third order Bettle-Lemariéscaling function to assign discrete objects to regular grids for fast Fourier transform are proposed to clean alias effects.Numerical experiments prove that the implementation can achieve sub-percent precision till close to the Nyquist frequency.The impact of removing bulk flow on the estimation of momentum power spectra is derived theoretically and verified numerically.Subtracting bulk flow has little effects at large scales but might induce meaningful differences in nonlinear regime,and probably it is not necessary to subtract bulk flow for samples which peculiar velocities are exact or sufficiently accurate.Momentum power spectra of dark matter samples from N-body simulation are measured and discussed.As expected,the prediction of the one loop Eulerian perturbation theory agrees with simulation only slightly better than the linear theory at z=0,but can be applied to higher redshift with improved accuracy.Measurements of simulation data and the one loop Eulerian theory both reveal that the momentum field contains strong rotational part,and there is a large stochastic component in the divergence of momentum which is not correlated with the density field.The three kinds of momentum power spectra have their own characteristics.展开更多
The primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) in the matter density perturbation is a very powerful probe of the physics of the very early Universe. The local PNG can induce a distinct scale-dependent bias on the large scale...The primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) in the matter density perturbation is a very powerful probe of the physics of the very early Universe. The local PNG can induce a distinct scale-dependent bias on the large scale structure distribution of galaxies and quasars, which could be used for constraining it. We study the detection limits of PNG from the surveys of the LAMOST telescope. The cases of the main galaxy survey, the luminous red galaxy (LRG) survey, and the quasar survey of dif- ferent magnitude limits are considered. We find that the Mainl sample (i.e. the main galaxy survey which is one magnitude deeper than the SDSS main galaxy survey, or r 〈 18.8) could only provide a very weak constraint on PNG. For the Main2 sample (r 〈 19.8) and the LRG survey, the 2or (95.5%) limits on the PNG parameter fNL are | fNL|〈 145 and | fNL| 〈 114 respectively, which are comparable to the current limit from cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. The quasar survey could provide a much more stringent constraint, and we find that the 2a limit for |fNL| is between 50 and 103, depending on the magnitude limit of the survey. With Planck-like priors on cosmological parameters, the quasar survey with g 〈 21.65 would improve the constraint to I fNLI 〈 43 (2or). We also discuss the possibility of further tightening the constraint by using the relative bias method proposed by Seljak.展开更多
We examine the validity of the ACDM model and probe the dynamics of dark energy with the latest astronomical observations. Using the Ore(z) diagnosis, we find that various kinds of observational data are in tension ...We examine the validity of the ACDM model and probe the dynamics of dark energy with the latest astronomical observations. Using the Ore(z) diagnosis, we find that various kinds of observational data are in tension within the ACDM framework. We then allow for dynamics of dark energy and investigate the constraint on dark energy parameters. We find that for two different kinds of parametri- sations of the equation of state parameter w, a combination of current data mildly favours an evolving w, although the significance is not sufficient for it to be supported by Bayesian evidence. A forecast of the DESI survey shows that the dynamics of dark energy could be detected at the 7σ confidence level and would be decisively supported by Bayesian evidence, if the best-fit model of w derived from current data is the true model.展开更多
文摘Three mechanisms for an alternative to the Doppler effect as an explanation for the redshift are reviewed. A fourth mechanism is the attenuation of the light as given by the Beer-Lambert law. The average value of the Hubble constant is therefore derived by processing the galaxies of the NED-D catalog in which the distances are independent of the redshift. The observed anisotropy of the Hubble constant is reproduced by adopting a rim model, a chord model, and both 2D and 3D Voronoi diagrams.
文摘Oil and gas exploration and production is the most important and key segment in the whole business chain of the petroleum industry.Therefore,oil companies always put much emphasis on making scientific and reasonable decisions about investment scale and structure in the upstream sector,so that they can minimise business risks and obtain high returns.According to the system dynamics theories and methods and based on the actual results from an oil company's practice in China,a system dynamics model is built in this paper for analyzing and forecasting the upstream investment scale and structure for an oil company.This model was used to analyze the investment effect of a large oil company in China, and the results showed that the total upstream investment scale will decline slowly in a short period and the investment proportion of different parts should be adjusted if some influencing factors are taken into account.This application practice was compared with the actual data and indicated that the system dynamics(SD) model presented in this paper is a useful tool for analyzing and forecasting of upstream investment scale and structure of oil companies in their investment decisions.
文摘The dynamic characteristics of the large scale coherent structures in a forced free shear layer are experi- mentally studied by means of flow visualization. The quantitative measurements are acquired by the use of a LDV. It is shown that the development of the coherent structures can be greatly influenced by upstream artificial perturbations and as a result the mixing in the layer can be controlled. Like vortex merging, vortex splitting is also a common evolu- tion pattern in the development of the coherent structures.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40831062, 10775134)partially supported by CAS Knowledge Innovation Program (No. kjcx2-yw-n28)National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2008CB717800, 2009GB105001)
文摘Time evolution of ionospheric D-region plasmas including the perturbations of electrons and charged aerosol particles is investigated under the conditions of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). It is shown that the time scale of decay of the electron density is in the order of an hour under typical PMSE conditions, in the majority of cases, the electron density is anticorrelated to the ion density, except that the radius of aerosol particles is greater than 50 nm. Also, the evolutions under varied parameters, such as the amplitude and width of perturbation, the aerosol particle radius, and the altitude of the PMSE occurrence are investigated. The obtained results are useful for interpreting the experimental observations.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19642001) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
文摘In this paper, several mathematical models for the large scale structures in some special kinds of mixing layers, which might be practically useful for enhancing the mixing, are proposed. First, the linear growth rate of the large scale structures in the mixing layers was calculated. Then, using the much improved weakly non-linear theory, combined with the energy method, the non-linear evolution of large scale structures in two special mixing layer configurations is calculated. One of the mixing lavers has equal magnitudes of the upstream velocity vectors, while the angles between the velocity vectors and the trailing edge were pi /2 - phi and pi /2 + phi, respectively. The other mixing layer was generated by a splitter-plate with a 45-degree-sweep trailing edge.
文摘In lhis paper experimental research is carried out for the existence of larqe andsmall scale .structures in turbulent boundary layer and the interactions between these structures. Based on the experimental results ,a new cethod is suggested io (iescribethe coherent strucures in which the interactions between between the coherent and small-scale slructures are considered ,Using this method a new pattern recognition method is and rough wall conditions. The results show that the suggested method is reasonable .
文摘In this study, the matrix structure, state and composition of the mill scales of four typical domestically made 510L hot-rolled strips were observed and analyzed by means of optical microscopy (OM) ,scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion behavior of the steels with and without mill scales were investigated by means of hot-humid corrosion tests under the condition of relative humidity ( RH ) of 95% at 50℃ and 70℃, respectively. The results show that the matrix structures, state, composition and thickness of mill scales vary in the strips. The rusting starting time of the specimens with scales is generally a bit longer than that of the specimens without scales, but their corrosion mass-gain is higher. For these two kinds of specimens ,their corrosion rate increases significantly with the increase of temperature. The rusting behavior of the 510L strips produced by various plants is different due to the variations of hot-rolling processes and designed chemical compositions. Various relevant aspects should be taken into account in the evaluation of the corrosion behavior of hot-rolled strips.
文摘The robust stability analysis for large scale linear systems with structured time varying uncertainties is investigated in this paper.By using the scalar Lyapunov functions and the properties of M matrix and nonnegative matrix,stability robustness measures are proposed.The robust stability criteria obtained are applied to derive an algebric criterion which is expressed directly in terms of plant parameters and is shown to be less conservative than the existing ones.A numerical example is given to demonstrate the stability criteria obtained and to compare them with the previous ones.
文摘The bimodal structure of the Meiyu front system is readdressed after Zhou et al.(2005). The physical mechanism of the formation of the bimodal distribution is discussed. The bimodal structure of the Melyu front system considerably results from atmospheric moisture gradients, though atmospheric temperature gradients are also not negligible. According to the definition of equivalent potential temperature, and by scale analysis, we find that atmospheric equivalent potential temperature gradients, which could be regarded as an indicator of the Meiyu front system, could be mainly attributed to the variations of atmospheric potential temperature gradients with a scaling factor of 1 and moisture gradients multiplied by a scaling factor of an order of about 2.5 × 10^3, which means that small variations of atmospheric moisture gradients could lead to large variations of equivalent potential temperature gradients, and thus large variations of the Meiyu front system. Quantitative diagnostics with a mesoscale simulation data in the vicinity of the Meiyu front system show that moisture gradients contribute to equivalent potential temperature gradients more than potential temperature gradients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10828204 and A020401)BUAA SJP 111 program
文摘The approach of Obukhov assuming a constant skewness was used to obtain analytical corrections to the scaling of the second order structure function, starting from Kolmogorov's 4/5 law. These corrections can be used in model applications in which explicit expressions, rather than numerical solutions are needed. The comparison with an interpolation formula proposed by Batchelor, showed that the latter gives surprisingly precise results. The modification of the same method to obtain analytical corrections to the scaling law, taking into account the possible corrections induced by intermittency, is also proposed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10572002,10732010,and 11332002)
文摘The details of the special three-dimensional micro-nano scale ripples with a period of hundreds of microns on the surfaces of a Zr-based and a La-based metallic glass irradiated separately by single laser pulse are investigated.We use the small-amplitude capillary wave theory to unveil the ripple formation mechanism through considering each of the molten metallic glasses as an incompressible viscous fluid.A generalized model is presented to describe the special morphology,which fits the experimental result well.It is also revealed that the viscosity brings about the biggest effect on the monotone decreasing nature of the amplitude and the wavelength of the surface ripples.The greater the viscosity is,the shorter the amplitude and the wavelength are.
文摘We demonstrate that certain astrophysical distributions can be modelled with the truncated Weibull distribution, which can lead to some insights: in particular, we report the average value, the <em>r</em>th moment, the variance, the median, the mode, the generation of random numbers, and the evaluation of the two parameters with maximum likelihood estimators. The first application of the Weibull distribution is the initial mass function for stars. The magnitude version of the Weibull distribution is applied to the luminosity function for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies and to the photometric maximum of the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) galaxies. The truncated Weibull luminosity function allows us to model the average value of the absolute magnitude as a function of the redshift for the 2MRS galaxies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaThis work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China through grants 10373012, 10633049, 10643002 the 973 program under No. 2007CB815402.
文摘An aliasing effect brought up by mass assignment onto Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) grids may bias measurement of the power spectrum of large scale structures. In this paper, based on the Beylkin's unequally spaced FFT technique, we propose a new precise method to extract the true power spectrum of a large discrete data set. We compare the traditional mass assignment schemes with the new method using the Daub6 and the 3rd-order B-spline scaling functions. Our measurement of Poisson samples and samples of N-body simulations shows that the B-spline scaling function is an optimal choice for mass assignment in the sense that (1) it has a compact support in real space and thus yields an efficient algorithm (2) without any extra corrections. The Fourier space behavior of the 3rd-order B-spline scaling function enables it to be able to accurately recover the true power spectrum with errors less than 5% up to k 〈 kN. It is expected that such a method can be applied to higher order statistics in Fourier space and will enable us to have a precision capture of the non-Gaussian features in the large scale structure of the universe.
文摘The truncated version of the two-parameter Sujatha distribution is analysed. In particular, its probability density function and distribution function are obtained. The results are applied to the initial mass function for stars, to the luminosity function for galaxies, to the number of galaxies as a function of the redshift and to the average absolute magnitude of a galaxy as a function of its redshift.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Excellent Young Scholars(No.51922068)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2017YFA0403800)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51727802,51821001 and 51971138)Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.19PJ1404400)。
文摘Thermodynamic/dynamic modeling of liquid immiscibility in silicates is seriously hindered due to lack of in situ investigation on the structural evolution of the melt.In this work,atomic-scale structural evolution of a classic binary silicate immiscible system,SiO2–TiO2,is tracked by in situ high energy X-ray diffraction(HE-XRD).It is found that both the configuration of[SiO]and the polymerization between them are closely coupled with embedment and extraction of the metallic cations(Ti^4+).[SiO]monomer goes through deficit-oxygen and excess-polymerization before liquid–liquid separation and enables self-healing after liquid–liquid separation,which challenges the traditional cognition that[SiO4]monomer is immutable.Ti4+cations with tetrahedral oxygen-coordination first participate in the network construction before liquid separation.The four-fold Ti–O bond is broken during liquid separation,which may facilitate the movement of Ti4+across the Si–O network to form TiO2-rich nodules.The structural features of nodules were also investigated and they were found highly analogous to that of molten TiO2,which implies a parallel crystallization behavior in the two circumstances.Our results shed light on the structural evolution scenario in liquid immiscibility at atomic scale,which will contribute to constructing a complete thermodynamic/dynamic framework describing the silicate liquid immiscibility systems beyond current models.
基金financial support from the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Department of Science&Technology(DST),Government of India through the project EMR/2015/001037。
文摘We study the evolution of the configuration entropy of HI distribution in the post-reionization era assuming different time evolution of HI bias.We describe time evolution of linear bias of HI distribution using a simple form b(a)=b_(0)a^(n) with different index n.The derivative of the configuration entropy rate is known to exhibit a peak at the scale factor corresponding to theΛ-matter equality in the unbiasedΛCDM model.We show that in theΛCDM model with time-dependent linear bias,the peak shifts to smaller scale factors for negative values of n.This is related to the fact that the growth of structures in the HI density field can significantly slow down even before the onset ofΛdomination in the presence of a strong time evolution of the HI bias.We find that the shift is linearly related to the index n.We obtain the best fit relation between these two parameters and propose that identifying the location of this peak from observations would allow us to constrain the time evolution of HI bias within the framework of theΛCDM model.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0404503)a grant from the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team.YW is supported by the Nebula Talents Program of NAOCsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11925303,11720101004,11673025 and 11890691)。
文摘Galaxy redshift surveys are one of the key probes in modern cosmology.In the data analysis of galaxy surveys,the precision of the statistical measurement is primarily limited by the cosmic variance on large scales.Fortunately,this limitation can in principle be mitigated by observing multiple types of biased tracers.In this brief review,we present the idea of the multi-tracer method,outline key steps in the data analysis and show several worked examples based on the GAMA,BOSS and e BOSS galaxy surveys.This work is a part of a special issue dedicated to the 20 th anniversary of RAA(2001–2020),which is prefaced in Wang&Ip(2020).
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0202900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11573030)。
文摘Fast Fourier transform based estimators are formulated for measuring momentum power spectra,including the auto power spectra of the momentum,the momentum divergence,and the cross spectrum of density fluctuation and momentum divergence.Algorithms using the third order Bettle-Lemariéscaling function to assign discrete objects to regular grids for fast Fourier transform are proposed to clean alias effects.Numerical experiments prove that the implementation can achieve sub-percent precision till close to the Nyquist frequency.The impact of removing bulk flow on the estimation of momentum power spectra is derived theoretically and verified numerically.Subtracting bulk flow has little effects at large scales but might induce meaningful differences in nonlinear regime,and probably it is not necessary to subtract bulk flow for samples which peculiar velocities are exact or sufficiently accurate.Momentum power spectra of dark matter samples from N-body simulation are measured and discussed.As expected,the prediction of the one loop Eulerian perturbation theory agrees with simulation only slightly better than the linear theory at z=0,but can be applied to higher redshift with improved accuracy.Measurements of simulation data and the one loop Eulerian theory both reveal that the momentum field contains strong rotational part,and there is a large stochastic component in the divergence of momentum which is not correlated with the density field.The three kinds of momentum power spectra have their own characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Distinguished Young Scholar Grant 10525314the Key Project Grant 10533010,by the ChineseAcademy of Sciences under grant KJCX3-SYW-N2by the Ministry of Science and Technologynational basic science Program (Project 973) under grant No. 2007CB815401
文摘The primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) in the matter density perturbation is a very powerful probe of the physics of the very early Universe. The local PNG can induce a distinct scale-dependent bias on the large scale structure distribution of galaxies and quasars, which could be used for constraining it. We study the detection limits of PNG from the surveys of the LAMOST telescope. The cases of the main galaxy survey, the luminous red galaxy (LRG) survey, and the quasar survey of dif- ferent magnitude limits are considered. We find that the Mainl sample (i.e. the main galaxy survey which is one magnitude deeper than the SDSS main galaxy survey, or r 〈 18.8) could only provide a very weak constraint on PNG. For the Main2 sample (r 〈 19.8) and the LRG survey, the 2or (95.5%) limits on the PNG parameter fNL are | fNL|〈 145 and | fNL| 〈 114 respectively, which are comparable to the current limit from cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. The quasar survey could provide a much more stringent constraint, and we find that the 2a limit for |fNL| is between 50 and 103, depending on the magnitude limit of the survey. With Planck-like priors on cosmological parameters, the quasar survey with g 〈 21.65 would improve the constraint to I fNLI 〈 43 (2or). We also discuss the possibility of further tightening the constraint by using the relative bias method proposed by Seljak.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11673025)a Key International Collaboration Grant from the Chinese Academy of SciencesGBZ is also supported by a Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship
文摘We examine the validity of the ACDM model and probe the dynamics of dark energy with the latest astronomical observations. Using the Ore(z) diagnosis, we find that various kinds of observational data are in tension within the ACDM framework. We then allow for dynamics of dark energy and investigate the constraint on dark energy parameters. We find that for two different kinds of parametri- sations of the equation of state parameter w, a combination of current data mildly favours an evolving w, although the significance is not sufficient for it to be supported by Bayesian evidence. A forecast of the DESI survey shows that the dynamics of dark energy could be detected at the 7σ confidence level and would be decisively supported by Bayesian evidence, if the best-fit model of w derived from current data is the true model.