The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical road sections and intersections in a road network which have great influence on the normal transport functions of the road network and to optimize the road network...The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical road sections and intersections in a road network which have great influence on the normal transport functions of the road network and to optimize the road network structure by reducing its vulnerability. In this paper, the framework of road network structural vulnerability measurement and improvement model is proposed. The network efficiency model is used to define road network structural vulnerability. Shanghai freeway network is analyzed based on this model. We find that using this model the critical components of the road network can be identified. Two methods which are increasing connections and rewiring are proposed to optimize the road network structural vulnerability and the results can be used to reduce the network vulnerability. The measurement method that we put forward for structure vulnerability is useful and important to optimize road network structure.展开更多
The damage of dwelling houses constitutes the primary cause of casualties and asset loss in seismic disasters that occurred in Chinese rural areas. The structure of houses is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of...The damage of dwelling houses constitutes the primary cause of casualties and asset loss in seismic disasters that occurred in Chinese rural areas. The structure of houses is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of rural houses. However, at present, available data on rural housing structure are incomplete and their spatial scales are inconsistent. This paper estimated the amount and ratio of rural houses in five structures, namely ＇wood＇, ＇brick＇, ＇mixed＇, ＇reinforced concrete＇, and ＇other＇, for 2380 counties across China. With the percent- age sampling census data in 2005, four accuracy levels were specified. Then, a set of down-scaling models were established, where the impact of climate, economic development level and ethnic minority cultural factors on rural housing structure, as well as the spatial autocorrelation of neighboring spatial units were considered. Based on the estimation results, a database of county-level rural housing structure was established, based on which the vul- nerability of rural houses in different areas was clarified.展开更多
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA11Z209)
文摘The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical road sections and intersections in a road network which have great influence on the normal transport functions of the road network and to optimize the road network structure by reducing its vulnerability. In this paper, the framework of road network structural vulnerability measurement and improvement model is proposed. The network efficiency model is used to define road network structural vulnerability. Shanghai freeway network is analyzed based on this model. We find that using this model the critical components of the road network can be identified. Two methods which are increasing connections and rewiring are proposed to optimize the road network structural vulnerability and the results can be used to reduce the network vulnerability. The measurement method that we put forward for structure vulnerability is useful and important to optimize road network structure.
基金National Key Technology R＆D Program, No.2011BAK07B02, No.2008BAK50-05 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No,4117113 B
文摘The damage of dwelling houses constitutes the primary cause of casualties and asset loss in seismic disasters that occurred in Chinese rural areas. The structure of houses is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of rural houses. However, at present, available data on rural housing structure are incomplete and their spatial scales are inconsistent. This paper estimated the amount and ratio of rural houses in five structures, namely ＇wood＇, ＇brick＇, ＇mixed＇, ＇reinforced concrete＇, and ＇other＇, for 2380 counties across China. With the percent- age sampling census data in 2005, four accuracy levels were specified. Then, a set of down-scaling models were established, where the impact of climate, economic development level and ethnic minority cultural factors on rural housing structure, as well as the spatial autocorrelation of neighboring spatial units were considered. Based on the estimation results, a database of county-level rural housing structure was established, based on which the vul- nerability of rural houses in different areas was clarified.
