BG-Trap法与双层叠帐法对登革热媒介白纹伊蚊监测效果的比较

目的比较BG-trap法与双层叠帐法对登革热媒介白纹伊蚊的监测效果,进一步探讨BG-trap法用于登革热媒介伊蚊监测的可能性,为制定更有效的登革热防控策略提供参考依据。方法实验选取江苏省3个设区市的6个户外监测点,于8—9月的3天时间中,分别于每日16:00-16:30、17:00-17:30、18:00-18:30三个时段同步开展BG-Trap法和双层叠帐法监测。结果BG-Trap法和双层叠帐法均能够有效地捕获白纹伊蚊的雌蚊,双层叠账法捕获的白纹伊蚊占比高于BG-Trap法(χ^(2)=16.034,P<0.01),两种方法捕获的白纹伊蚊雌蚊构成比之间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.162,P=0.687)。BG-Trap法捕获的白纹伊蚊平均密度指数为7.85±5.23只/(台·h),低于双层叠帐法的27.04±13.86只/(顶·h),差异有统计学意义(t=6.73,P<0.001)。结论BG-Trap法对登革热媒介白纹伊蚊监测效果不及双层叠帐法,其能否应用于登革热媒介伊蚊监测有待于进一步研究。

BG-Trap法在伊蚊成蚊监测中的应用研究

目的采用BG-Trap法进行伊蚊监测,探讨该方法应用于登革热蚊媒常规监测和应急监测的可行性。方法在伊蚊监测场所用BG-Trap法分时段进行监测,用非参数统计分析的Chi-Square过程和t检验对监测结果进行统计和分析。结果应用BG-Trap法对伊蚊进行监测,15:00—17:00监测效果明显高于9:00—11:00(雌:χ^(2)=18963,df=1,P<0001;雄:χ^(2)=18667,df=1,P<0001;总体:χ^(2)=37500,df=1,P<0001);从12:00开始,按每小时一段统计诱蚊效果,以15:00—19:00时段对伊蚊引诱效果最好,平均捕蚊量为(618±21)只/h,平均小时诱蚊量与12:00—15:00有极显著的差异(雌:t=275,df=146,P<0001;雄:t=678,df=156,P<0001;总体:t=1016,df=304,P<0001)。结论可将BG-Trap法引入伊蚊的常规监测和应急监测。

Emission and capture characteristics of deep hole trap in n-GaN by optical deep level transient spectroscopy

Emission and capture characteristics of a deep hole trap(H1)in n-GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)have been investigated by optical deep level transient spectroscopy(ODLTS).Activation energy(Eemi)and capture cross-section(σ_(p))of H1 are determined to be 0.75 eV and 4.67×10^(−15)cm^(2),respectively.Distribution of apparent trap concentration in space charge region is demonstrated.Temperature-enhanced emission process is revealed by decrease of emission time constant.Electricfield-boosted trap emission kinetics are analyzed by the Poole−Frenkel emission(PFE)model.In addition,H1 shows point defect capture properties and temperature-enhanced capture kinetics.Taking both hole capture and emission processes into account during laser beam incidence,H1 features a trap concentration of 2.67×10^(15)cm^(−3).The method and obtained results may facilitate understanding of minority carrier trap properties in wide bandgap semiconductor material and can be applied for device reliability assessment.

Physical insights into trapping effects on vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs from TCAD

Vertical GaN power MOSFET is a novel technology that offers great potential for power switching applications.Being still in an early development phase,vertical GaN devices are yet to be fully optimized and require careful studies to foster their development.In this work,we report on the physical insights into device performance improvements obtained during the development of vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs(TMOS’s)provided by TCAD simulations,enhancing the dependability of the adopted process optimization approaches.Specifically,two different TMOS devices are compared in terms of transfer-curve hysteresis(H)and subthreshold slope(SS),showing a≈75%H reduction along with a≈30%SS decrease.Simulations allow attributing the achieved improvements to a decrease in the border and interface traps,respectively.A sensitivity analysis is also carried out,allowing to quantify the additional trap density reduction required to minimize both figures of merit.

Efficient loading of cesium atoms in a magnetic levitated dimple trap

We report a detailed study of magnetically levitated loading of ultracold ^(133)Cs atoms in a dimple trap.The atomic sample was produced in a combined red-detuned optical dipole trap and dimple trap formed by two small waist beams crossing a horizontal plane.The magnetic levitation for the ^(133)Cs atoms forms an effective potential for a large number of atoms in a high spatial density.Dependence of the number of atoms loaded and trapped in the dimple trap on the magnetic field gradient and bias field is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.This method has been widely used to obtain the Bose–Einstein condensation atoms for many atomic species.

Theoretical investigations of population trapping phenomena in atomic four-color,three-step photoionization scheme

The four-color three-step selective photoionization process of atom is very important in laser isotope separation technology.The population trapping phenomena and their influences are studied theoretically in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields based on the density matrix theory in this work.Time evolutions of the photoionization properties of the four-color,three-step process are given.The population trapping effects occur intensely in monochromatic excitation,while it gradually turns weak as the laser bandwidth increases.The effects of bandwidth,Rabi frequency,time delay,and frequency detuning on the population trapping effect are investigated in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields.The effects of laser process parameters and atomic parameters on the effective selective photoionization are also discussed.The ionization probability and selectivity factors,as evaluation indexes,are difficult to improve synchronously by adjusting systematic parameters.Besides,the existence of metastable state may play a negative role when its population is low enough.

In situ calibrated angle between the quantization axis and the propagating direction of the light field for trapping neutral atoms

The recently developed magic-intensity trapping technique of neutral atoms efficiently mitigates the detrimental effect of light shifts on atomic qubits and substantially enhances the coherence time. This technique relies on applying a bias magnetic field precisely parallel to the wave vector of a circularly polarized trapping laser field. However, due to the presence of the vector light shift experienced by the trapped atoms, it is challenging to precisely define a parallel magnetic field, especially at a low bias magnetic field strength, for the magic-intensity trapping of85Rb qubits. In this work, we present a method to calibrate the angle between the bias magnetic field and the trapping laser field with the compensating magnetic fields in the other two directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction. Experimentally, with a constantdepth trap and a fixed bias magnetic field, we measure the respective resonant frequencies of the atomic qubits in a linearly polarized trap and a circularly polarized one via the conventional microwave Rabi spectra with different compensating magnetic fields and obtain the corresponding total magnetic fields via the respective resonant frequencies using the Breit–Rabi formula. With known total magnetic fields, the angle is a function of the other two compensating magnetic fields.Finally, the projection value of the angle on either of the directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction can be reduced to 0(4)° by applying specific compensating magnetic fields. The measurement error is mainly attributed to the fluctuation of atomic temperature. Moreover, it also demonstrates that, even for a small angle, the effect is strong enough to cause large decoherence of Rabi oscillation in a magic-intensity trap. Although the compensation method demonstrated here is explored for the magic-intensity trapping technique, it can be applied to a variety of similar precision measurements with trapped neutral atoms.

Crossroads:Pathogenic role and therapeutic targets of neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a prevalent autoimmune disease whose main features include chronic synovial inflammation,bone destruction,and joint degeneration.Neutrophils are often considered to be the first responders to inflammation and are a key presence in the inflammatory milieu of RA.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),a meshwork of DNA-histone complexes and proteins released by activated neutrophils,are widely involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases,especially RA,in addition to playing a key role in the neutrophil innate immune response.NETs have been found to be an important source of citrullinated autoantigen antibodies and inflammatory factor release,which can activate RA synovial fibroblasts(FLS)and cause joint damage.This article reviews the role of NETs in the pathophysiology of RA,demonstrating the application of multiple molecules with various therapies,with a view to informing the discovery and development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RA.

Building and characterizing a stylus ion-trap system

Cold trapped ions can be excellent sensors for ultra-precision detection of physical quantities,which strongly depends on the measurement situation at hand.The stylus ion trap,formed by two concentric cylinders over a ground plane,holds the promise of relatively simple structure and larger solid angle for optical access and fluorescence collection in comparison with the conventional ion traps.Here we report our fabrication and characterization of the first stylus ion trap constructed in China,aiming for studying quantum optics and sensing weak electric fields in the future.We have observed the stable confinement of the ion in the trapping potential for more than two hours and measured the heating rate of the trap to be dε/dt=7.10±0.13 meV/s by the Doppler recooling method.Our work starts a way to building practical quantum sensors with high efficiency of optical collection and with ultimate goal for contributing to future quantum information technology.

Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate neuro-immunothrombosis

Neutrophil extracellular traps are primarily composed of DNA and histones and are released by neutrophils to promote inflammation and thrombosis when stimulated by various inflammato ry reactions.Neutrophil extracellular trap formation occurs through lytic and non-lytic pathways that can be further classified by formation mechanisms.Histones,von Willebrand factor,fibrin,and many other factors participate in the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis.Neuroimmunothrombosis summarizes the intricate interplay between inflammation and thrombosis during neural development and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,providing cutting-edge insights into post-neurotrauma thrombotic events.The blood-brain barrier defends the brain and spinal cord against external assaults,and neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis contributes substantially to secondary injuries in neurological diseases.Further research is needed to understand how neutrophil extracellular traps promote blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis,but recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps play a crucial role in immunothrombosis,and identified modulators of neuro-immunothrombosis.However,these neurological diseases occur in blood vessels,and the mechanisms are unclear by which neutrophil extracellular traps penetrate the blood-brain barrier to participate in immunothrombosis in traumatic brain injury.This review discusses the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in neuro-immunothrombosis and explores potential therapeutic interventions to modulate neutrophil extracellular traps that may reduce immunothrombosis and improve traumatic brain injury outcomes.

Determination of Ten Kinds of Alpha-2 Agonists Residues in Animal Derived Food by UHPLC-Triple Quadrupole/Composite Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]The paper was to establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/linear ion trap complex mass spectrometry for the determination of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists in animal derived food.[Methods]The samples were extracted with sodium carbonate buffer solution and ethyl acetate,and analyzed by mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography separation.[Results]Ten kinds ofα2-receptor agonists showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1-100μg/mL,with the average recovery of over 69%and the relative standard deviation less than 8.32%.The detection limit of 10 kinds of α_(2)-receptor agonists was up to 1μg/kg.[Conclusions]The method has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability,and can meet the requirements of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists residues in animal derived food.

基于UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS结合多元统计分析的不同产地、不同部位乌药中核苷和氨基酸类成分分析

本研究建立了一种超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱-串联质谱(UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS)同时测定乌药中11种核苷类和14种氨基酸类成分的分析方法,并结合多元统计分析比较不同产地、不同部位乌药的质量。采用Waters XBridge Amide色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm×3.5μm),以0.2%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测(MRM)进行质谱检测;基于各成分的质量浓度,用方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)、层次聚类分析(HCA)、逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)以及灰色关联度分析(GRA),对不同产地、不同部位乌药样品进行综合评价。结果表明,所测成分在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9924;精密度、重复性、稳定性良好,平均加样回收率为94.86%~106.47%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4.55%。不同产地、不同部位乌药样品间存在一定的差异,HCA和PCA 2种方法均将样品分为3类。OPLS-DA模型分析通过VIP值共筛选得到6个差异性化合物,分别为尿苷、丙氨酸、胞嘧啶、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤。该方法简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于乌药中核苷和氨基酸类成分的同时测定,为药材质量评价和综合利用提供方法参考。

QTRAP LC-MS/MS法检测血、尿中莫达非尼

本文采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆/线性离子阱质谱技术,建立血液、尿液中莫达非尼的检测方法。选取卡马西平为内标,血液、尿液经甲醇/乙腈(体积比1︰1)混合提取剂提取,高速离心,取上清液过滤膜,以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸/水溶液和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸/乙腈作为流动相,经Phenomenex Kinetex~?C18(2.1mm×100 mm×2.6μm)色谱柱分离,以电喷雾正离子多反应监测-信息依赖性采集-增强离子扫描(MRMIDA-EPI),结合二级谱库检索进行分析。结果显示,莫达非尼在1~80 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数大于0.997;血液、尿液方法检出限(S/N≥3)均为0.5 ng/mL,定量限(S/N≥10)均为0.8 ng/mL;2、20、80 ng/mL低、中、高添加浓度水平血液、尿液回收率分别为80.1%~110.3%、87.9%~109.1%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。此方法可满足实际办案中对莫达非尼滥用者血液、尿液的定性定量分析。

一种SDN环境的SNMP Trap报文聚合方法

随着物联网和移动互联网的发展,网络设备呈指数级增加,网络规模越来越大,给网络管理带来新的挑战.SNMP能够实现对大规模网络的有效管理,然而,由于被管网元数量众多,SNMP报文流量会增大主干网中的流量开销.为了降低SNMP Agent产生的Trap报文给主干网带来的通信开销,本文提出一种基于SDN的Trap报文聚合方法.该方法利用控制器下发流表规则,将Trap报文转发至聚合服务器中进行报文聚合,然后发送至管理站,从而有效减少主干网中的SNMP Trap流量.同时,为了优化传统网络结构下进行网络管理面临的额外开销大、灵活性差、管理站负载高等问题,本文设计了一种基于SDN的网络管理架构.该架构提高了网络管理灵活性,减轻了管理站负载高的问题.实验结果表明,与传统网络管理中被管网元直接将Trap报文发送给管理站的方法相比,基于SDN的Trap报文聚合方法在主干网的Trap流量减少了41.328%,大幅降低了主干网中管理流量的开销.

Neutronics analysis of a subcritical blanket system driven by a gas dynamic trap-based fusion neutron source for ^(99)Mo production

Gamma-emitting radionuclide ^(99m)Tc is globally used for the diagnosis of various pathological conditions owing to its ideal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) characteristics.However,the short half-life of ^(99m)Tc (T_(1/2)=6 h)makes it difficult to store or transport.Thus,the production of ^(99m)Tc is tied to its parent radionuclide ^(99)Mo (T_(1/2)=66 h).The major production paths are based on accelerators and research reactors.The reactor process presents the potential for nuclear proliferation owing to its use of highly enriched uranium (HEU).Accelerator-based methods tend to use deuterium–tritium(D–T) neutron sources but are hindered by the high cost of tritium and its challenging operation.In this study,a new ^(99)Mo production design was developed based on a deuterium–deuterium (D–D) gas dynamic trap fusion neutron source (GDT-FNS) and a subcritical blanket system (SBS) assembly with a low-enriched uranium (LEU) solution.GDT-FNS can provide a relatively high-neutron intensity,which is one of the advantages of ^(99)Mo production.We provide a Monte Carlo-based neutronics analysis covering the calculation of the subcritical multiplication factor (k_(s)) of the SBS,optimization design for the reflector,shielding layer,and ^(99)Mo production capacity.Other calculations,including the neutron flux and nuclear heating distributions,are also provided for an overall evaluation of the production system.The results demonstrated that the SBS meets the nuclear critical safety design requirement (k_(s)<0.97) and maintained a high ^(99)Mo production capacity.The proposed system can generate approximately 157 Ci ^(99)Mo for a stable 24 h operation with a neutron intensity of 1×10^(14) n/s,which can meet 50%of China’s demand in 2025.

Analysis of sex pheromone production and field trapping of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée)in Xinjiang,China

Identifying the sex pheromone systems of local pest populations facilitates their management,especially for moth species that show significant geographic variation in sex pheromone communication.We investigated the pheromone production and behavioral responses of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée;ACB)in Xinjiang,China.The ACB produces three compounds:(Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(Z12-14:Ac)and(E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(E12-14:Ac)which are two sex pheromone compounds,and n-tetradecyl acetate(14:Ac)which has variable roles in mediating behavioral responses.The ratios of these three compounds produced in female gland are geographically distinct among different populations.Quantitative analysis of pheromone production showed that the proportions of Z12-14:Ac in the E/Z isomers(i.e.,Z and E12-14:Ac)and the proportions of 14:Ac in the ternary blend respectively averaged 60.46%(SD=5.26)and 25.00%(SD=7.37),with their probabilities normally or near-normally distributed.Trapping experiments in a cornfield indicated that deploying the E/Z isomers and the three compounds in rubber septa close to their gland ratios yielded the most captured males,while other ratios that deviated from the gland ratios showed reduced field captures.The ternary blend was significantly more attractive to males than the E/Z isomers in the field,indicating a functional role of 14:Ac as the third pheromone component used by the local population.Additionally,the dose-response test demonstrated that the application of the three compounds at dosages between 200 and 350μg attracted significantly more males compared to other dosages.Therefore,the characterization of this local ACB pheromone system provides additional information about its geographic variation and serves as a basis for optimizing the pheromone-mediated control of this pest in Xinjiang.

GCMS结合顶空Trap模式测定废液中酯类化合物

本文使用气相色谱质谱联用仪结合顶空Trap模式建立了废液中6种酯类化合物的测定方法.样品置于密封顶空瓶中,80℃平衡25 min后,Trap模式进行富集,经GCMS进行分析,以SIM方式进行采集,外标法定量.6种酯类化合物在10-200μg·L^(−1)的浓度范围内相关系数R在0.999以上.10μg·L^(−1)标准溶液放入6个20 mL顶空瓶中连续进样,峰面积RSD%为1.6%-3.9%.该方法简单易操作,富集效率高,是废液中酯类化合物的有效分析方法.

Trap analysis on Pt-AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode through deep level transient spectroscopy

Trap characterization on GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)has been carried out using deep-level transient spectroscopy(DLTS).Selective probing by varying the ratio of the rate window values(r)incites different trap signatures at similar temperature regimes.Electron traps are found to be within the values:0.05–1.2 eV from the conduction band edge whereas the hole traps 1.37–2.66 eV from the valence band edge on the SBDs.In the lower temperature regime,the deeper electron traps contribute to the capacitance transients with increasing r values,whereas at the higher temperatures>300 K,a slow variation of the trap levels(both electrons and holes)is observed when r is varied.These traps are found to be mainly contributed to dislocations,interfaces,and vacancies within the structure.

基于UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS的淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积的分析与评价

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆线性离子阱串联质谱(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定淫羊藿中黄酮类、生物碱类、酚酸类、氨基酸类及核苷类共50种活性成分的分析方法,并对其多元活性成分的动态累积进行分析与评价。采用Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以水(含0.2%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相梯度分离,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温40℃。质谱配备电喷雾离子源,在正、负离子模式下采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定;采用单因素实验及响应面法优化样品制备条件,灰色关联度分析(GRA)对不同采收期淫羊藿样品进行分析与评价。结果显示,50种目标成分在一定范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.9990),精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,平均加标回收率为94.5%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。淫羊藿中多元活性成分累积量在7月中旬出现峰值,不同类别成分累积规律具有一定差异性。6月下旬至7月下旬所采收的淫羊藿药材综合质量较好,与当地传统采收期基本吻合。该研究所构建的方法准确、可靠,可为探究淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积规律及确定适宜采收期提供依据,同时也箭叶淫羊藿药材质量的综合评价和整体控制提供方法参考。

Effects of electron-and hole-current hysteresis on trap characterization in organo-inorganic halide perovskite

Charge trap density and carrier mobility of perovskite materials are the critical properties of perovskite solar cells.The space charge limited current(SCLC)method,which measures a dark current–voltage(I-V)curve of a single-carrier device has found extensive use for studying the trap density and charge carrier mobility in perovskite materials.Herein,it was found that the electron-and hole-current in organo-lead perovskite-based single-carrier device undergoes significant hysteresis under forward and reverse scanning due to the mobile ions.In addition,it was also observed that measuring history has a detrimental effect on hysteresis resulting in possible overestimation or underestimation of the extracted electrical values from the SCLC measurement.In the forward/reverse scanning process,the mobile ionic defects enhance/shield the charge in the traps due to ionic charging/discharging,thereby increasing/reducing the interface barrier and net charge in the I-V scanning,which in turn affects the determination of transport properties of the carrier.These results raise quite a few doubts over the direct application of classical SCLC measurements for the accurate characterization of intrinsic transport properties of the mixed ionicelectronic perovskite.