Estimation of Aleatory Randomness by S_(a)(T_(1))-Based Intensity Measures in Fragility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures

Based on the multiple stripes analysis method,an investigation of the estimation of aleatory randomness by S_(a)(T_(1))-based intensity measures(IMs)in the fragility analysis is carried out for two typical low-and mediumrise reinforced concrete(RC)frame structures with 4 and 8 stories,respectively.The sensitivity of the aleatory randomness estimated in fragility curves to various S_(a)(T_(1))-based IMs is analyzed at three damage limit states,i.e.,immediate occupancy,life safety,and collapse prevention.In addition,the effect of characterization methods of bidirectional ground motion intensity on the record-to-record variability is investigated.It is found that the damage limit state of the structure has an important influence on the applicability of the ground motion IM.The S_(a)(T_(1))-based IMs,considering the effect of softened period,can maintain lower record-to-record variability in the three limit states,and the S_(a)(T_(1))-based IMs,considering the effect of higher modes,do not show their advantage over S_(a)(T_(1)).Furthermore,the optimal multiplier C and exponentαin the dual-parameter ground motion IM are proposed to obtain a lower record-to-record variability in the fragility analysis of different damage limit state.Finally,the improved dual-parameter ground motion IM is applied in the risk assessment of the 8-story frame structure.

Mechanical Analysis and Measurements of a Multicomponent NbTi/Cu Superconducting Magnets Structure for the Fully Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source

A fully superconducting electron cyclotron resonance （ECR） ion source （SECRAL ID is currently being built in the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its key components are three superconducting solenoids （Nb-Ti/Cu） and six superconducting sextupoles （Nb-Ti/Cu）. Different from the conventional supercon- ducting ECR magnetic structure, the SEC17AL Ⅱ includes three superconducting solenoid coils＇ that are located inside the superconducting sextupoles. The SECRAL Ⅱ can significantly reduce the interaction forces between the sextupole and the solenoids, and the magnets can also be more compact in size. For this multi-component SECRAL Ⅱ generating its self field of -8 T and being often exposed to the high self field, the mechanical analysis has become the main issue to keep their stress at 〈200 MPa on coils. The analytical and experimental results in mechanics are presented in the SECRAL Ⅱ structure. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of analysis, according to the composite rule of micromechanics, the equivalent uniform windings are used to simulate the epoxy-impregnated Nb-Ti/Cu coils. In addition, using low temperature strain gauges and a wireless fast strain acquisition system, a fundamental experiment on the based on our analysis, the stresses and deformations optimized. strains developments of a sextupole is reported. Finally, for its assembly of each SECRAL Ⅱ coil will be further

Vector-intensity measure based seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures

This paper presents a method for seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures based on vector-valued intensity measure （viM）, which predicts the limit-state capacities efficiently with multi-intensity measures of seismic event. Accounting for the uncertainties of the bridge model, ten single-bent overpass bridge structures are taken as samples statistically using Latin hypercube sampling approach. 200 earthquake records are chosen randomly for the uncertainties of ground motions according to the site condition of the bridges. The uncertainties of structural capacity and seismic demand are evaluated with the ratios of demand to capacity in different damage state. By comparing the relative importance of different intensity measures, Sa（T1） and Sa（T2） are chosen as viM. Then, the vector-valued fragility functions of different bridge components are developed. Finally, the system-level vulnerability of the bridge based on viM is studied with Duunett- Sobel class correlation matrix which can consider the correlation effects of different bridge components. The study indicates that an increment IMs from a scalar IM to viM results in a significant reduction in the dispersion of fragility functions and in the uncertainties in evaluating earthquake risk. The feasibility and validity of the proposed vulnerability analysis method is validated and the bridge is more vulnerable than any components.

Monitoring of Real-Time Complex Deformed Shapes of Thin-Walled Channel Beam Structures Subject to the Coupling Between Bi-Axial Bending and Warping Torsion

Structural health monitoring(SHM)is a research focus involving a large category of techniques performing in-situ identification of structural damage,stress,external loads,vibration signatures,etc.Among various SHM techniques,those able to monitoring structural deformed shapes are considered as an important category.A novel method of deformed shape reconstruction for thinwalled beam structures was recently proposed by Xu et al.[1],which is capable of decoupling complex beam deformations subject to the combination of different loading cases,including tension/compression,bending and warping torsion,and also able to reconstruct the full-field displacement distributions.However,this method was demonstrated only under a relatively simple loading coupling cases,involving uni-axial bending and warping torsion.The effectiveness of the method under more complex loading cases needs to be thoroughly investigated.In this study,more complex deformations under the coupling between bi-axial bending and warping torsion was decoupled using the method.The set of equations for deformation decoupling was established,and the reconstruction algorithm for bending and torsion deformation were utilized.The effectiveness and accuracy of the method was examined using a thin-walled channel beam,relying on analysis results of finite element analysis(FEA).In the analysis,the influence of the positions of the measurement of surface strain distributions on the reconstruction accuracy was discussed.Moreover,different levels of measurement noise were added to the axial strain values based on numerical method,and the noise resistance ability of the deformation reconstruction method was investigated systematically.According to the FEA results,the effectiveness and precision of the method in complex deformation decoupling and reconstruction were demonstrated.Moreover,the immunity of the method to measurement noise was proven to be considerably strong.

Three-Dimensional Thermo-Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Method Modeling for Predicting Weld-Induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Steel Stiffened-Plate Structures

The objective of the present paper is to develop nonlinear finite element method models for predicting the weld-induced initial deflection and residual stress of plating in steel stiffened-plate structures. For this purpose, three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method computations are performed with varying plate thickness and weld bead length (leg length) in welded plate panels, the latter being associated with weld heat input. The finite element models are verified by a comparison with experimental database which was obtained by the authors in separate studies with full scale measurements. It is concluded that the nonlinear finite element method models developed in the present paper are very accurate in terms of predicting the weld-induced initial imperfections of steel stiffened plate structures. Details of the numerical computations together with test database are documented.

国有企业从传统成本管理到战略成本管理探究

国有企业要积极探索从传统成本管理向战略成本管理转型,构建国有企业成本核心竞争力,以战略成本管理赋能国有企业高质量发展。战略成本管理是企业成本管理与发展战略管理相结合的管理活动,为应对激烈的市场竞争,国有企业实施战略成本管理,意义重大,任务艰巨,但现状存在4个方面局限性。通过探索研究战略成本管理架构及企业战略成本管理的方法路径,提出了“五个面向”的战略成本管理应对保障措施,服务助力支撑国有企业可持续高质量发展。

装配式型钢混凝土叠合框架梁连接节点构造设置与安全分析

住房和城乡建设部印发《“十四五”建筑业发展规划》提出大力发展装配式建筑、推动生产和施工智能化升级的主要任务。而国内目前采用的预制叠合框架梁存在着跨度大自重大吊装成本高、预制梁柱节点位置易发生钢筋碰撞吊装定位难度大等问题,限制了装配式建筑结构的发展。结合实际工程项目,提出一种新型的装配式型钢混凝土叠合框架梁,并对该叠合梁的构造设置、连接方式及安全性进行分析,从而为装配式框架结构、框架—剪力墙结构等装配式建筑中框架梁的深化设计提供一种新的拆分方案。

The MDOF equivalent linear system and its applications in seismic analysis and design of framed structures

This paper reviews the applications of the multi degree-of-freedom(MDOF)equivalent linear system in seismic analysis and design of planar steel and reinforced concrete framed structures.An equivalent MDOF linear structure,analogous to the original MDOF nonlinear structure,is constructed,which has the same mass and elastic stiffness as the original structure and modal damping ratios that account for the effects of geometrical and material nonlinearities.The equivalence implies a balance between the viscous damping work of the equivalent linear structure and that of the nonlinearities in the original nonlinear structure.This work balance is established with the aid of a transfer function in the frequency domain.Thus,equivalent modal damping ratios can be explicitly determined in terms of the period and deformation levels of the structure as well as the soil types.Use of these equivalent modal damping ratios can help address a variety of seismic analysis and design problems associated with planar steel and reinforced concrete framed structures in a rational and accurate manner.These include force-based seismic design with the aid of acceleration response spectra characterized by high amounts of damping,improved direct displacement-based seismic design and the development of advanced seismic intensity measures.The equivalent modal damping ratios are also utilized in the context of linear modal analysis for the definition and construction of the MDOF response spectrum.Furthermore,the equivalent modal damping ratios are employed in a seismic retrofit method for steel-framed structures with viscous dampers.Finally,it is demonstrated that modal behavior(or strength reduction)factors can be easily constructed based on these modal damping ratios for a more rational and accurate force-based seismic design,including the determination of inelastic displacement profiles.

基于地下结构整体损伤表征的复合地震动参数构造及其性能验证

在地下结构抗震设计中,不同的输入地震动引起的地下结构响应有显著差异,因此,合理通过地震动参数选择输入地震动是正确开展地下结构抗震设计的重要前提。针对单一地震动参数难以表征地下结构地震动潜在破坏势问题,文章构造了能更好表征地下结构损伤破坏的复合地震动参数。具体开展了以下工作:提出基于变形与滞回耗能的地下结构整体损伤指标作为结构需求参数,以定量化评估地下结构的整体破坏状态。选取64条真实地震动记录作为输入地震动,开展四层三跨地铁车站地震弹塑性动力时程分析。基于分析结果提供的数据样本,采用偏最小二乘法从统计角度构造复合地震动参数。最后,选用100条真实地震动记录开展两层三跨地铁车站弹塑性动力时程分析,对文章所构造的复合地震动参数进行验证。对比分析复合地震动参数、12个常用地震动参数与地下结构整体损伤指数的回归统计特征。结果表明:复合地震动参数与结构需求数之间具有更好拟合优度值,其Pearson相关性、有效性也优于单一地震动参数。

典型相关分析与结构方程模型方法的比较研究

典型相关分析(CCA)和结构方程模型(SEM)的应用日益广泛,但由于二者存在较大的相似性而常使研究者在使用过程中面临选择困难等问题,因而准确理解和区分二者之间的差异至关重要。文章基于SPSS和AMOS操作环境对典型相关分析和结构方程模型在函数式、基本图形、二阶因素、中介效应及使用条件等方面进行系统性比较,研究结果表明:(1)CCA可以进行线性组合计算,直接计算一个潜变量与另一组显变量的关系,能有效处理二阶因素计算问题。(2)SEM可以同时考虑多个潜变量之间的关系、计算和呈现误差方差和残差、准确地计算和展示中介效应、运用辅助性标准来判断模型适配度并通过调整变量之间的逻辑联系来修正模型,其输出结果全面而精确。(3)CCA适用于含有两个潜变量的简单模型,而SEM适用于含有多个潜变量的复杂模型。在特定条件下,可以结合使用CCA和SEM,或用CCA代替SEM。

基于IDA的输电塔地震动强度指标与结构损伤指标研究

以输电塔为研究对象,利用20条典型地震动时程,分别采用10个地震动强度指标(intensity measure,IM)和4个结构损伤指标(damage measure,DM)对输电塔进行增量动力分析(incremental dynamic analysis,IDA)。通过双对数线性回归建立了地震动强度指标与输电塔损伤指标的无量纲化关联模型,并对不同强度指标和损伤指标组合下关联模型的有效性、实用性和效益性进行了综合评价。结果表明:针对输电塔结构,选取有效峰值加速度(effective peak acceleration,EPA)作为IM和节间位移角(inter-story drift ration,ISDR)作为DM进行组合时,具有较好的稳定性和较高的相关性;基于输电塔结构第一阶、第二阶反应谱的Sa_(avg)^(*)在指标关联性评价中的优势与EPA、Sa(T_(1))类似,而Sv*avg指标与有效峰值速度(effective peak velocity,EPV)、第一周期谱速度(Sv(T_(1)))指标相比,增强了与DM之间的关联性;构造的E(ad)作为结构总持时内的地震动能量输入指标与所有IM指标组合时,并不受输电塔对加速度型IM更敏感从而导致加速度型IM与DM组合时关联性更强的影响。研究结果可以为进一步提高输电塔结构抗震性能评价精度提供参考和借鉴。

强震作用下泄水建筑物混凝土损伤分析及抗震配筋措施研究

地震作用下混凝土结构会产生不同程度的损伤开裂,这直接影响强震频发区水电站的运行安全,在工程实践中配筋作为常见的抗震措施,但具体方案却不够明确。为此,以西南地区某水电站泄水建筑物为例,采用混凝土塑性损伤模型对溢流坝进行动力时程有限元计算,分析强震荷载作用下坝体拉伸损伤的发展特性。在此基础上,考虑不同局部配筋加固方案,应用分离式模型模拟结构的动力特征和动力响应,研究不同局部配筋措施的抗震效果。结果表明,动力损伤分析得出的拉伸损伤严重部位作为配筋区域较为合理,局部配筋有效改善了坝体的抗震性能,且对钢筋数量与间距进行调整后可进一步优化抗震效果,为工程中溢流坝的抗震配筋加固设计提供了参考。

开敞式防洪闸闸室结构抗震安全分析及加固措施研究

以处于地震基本烈度8度区的某开敞式防洪闸为例,基于有限元分析软件,采用时程分析法对闸室结构抗震能力进行了分析。针对闸室上部启闭机房结构存在的抗震缺陷,制定了不同的抗震加固方案,通过不同加固方案抗震能力对比分析,比选了较优加固方案,并在较优方案基础上,探究了连通梁截面尺寸对闸室结构加固效果的内在影响规律。结果表明:地震作用下防洪闸闸室结构启闭机房排架柱折角位置处出现较大拉应力区,其最大拉应力超过了结构承载能力,不满足抗震安全需求;在各排架柱之间增设连通梁可降低启闭机房结构动力响应,但设计过程中为避免启闭机房结构产生鞭梢效应,不宜在顶部位置增设;连通梁截面尺寸对启闭机房排架柱结构抗震能力影响显著,实际工程中可通过控制截面尺寸达到理想的抗震加固效果。

深圳某连体桁架转换高层建筑结构设计分析

深圳某连体桁架转换超限高层建筑主体结构为框架-剪力墙结构,连体部位为钢桁架和钢框架结构。连体底部设置5榀桁架承托本层及上部钢框架共9层荷载。结合项目特点,对主体结构设定了相应的抗震性能目标。采用YJK、ETABS两种软件对结构进行了多遇地震下的整体分析,通过YJK软件对结构进行了多遇地震下的弹性时程分析及设防、罕遇地震下的等效弹性分析,采用SAUSAGE软件对结构进行了罕遇地震动力弹塑性分析,各项指标均满足设计要求。因连体桁架转换结构为结构的关键构件,故对其进行构造加强,并结合其受力特点进行各工况补充分析,结果表明结构具有良好的受力性能。对穿层柱进行了屈曲分析,确保了穿层柱计算长度满足设计要求。

卷烟加热棒测温仪的设计和不确定度分析

针对烟草行业,目前尚未存在检测加热卷烟烟具加热温度及温度均匀性的检测装置和方法,为了解决在狭隘空间内对微型棒状加热片的测温需求,本文研制了一种卷烟加热棒测温仪,并设计了一种适用于卷烟加热棒测温的新型结构。为了验证卷烟加热棒测温仪测量结果的准确性与可靠性,对测温仪进行不确定度分析。分析结果依据《GB/T 13283-2008工业过程测量和控制用检测仪表和显示仪表精确度等级》标准,在量程为100℃~400℃,满足0.1级要求。最后实验验证可以有效测量不同烟支的加热温度场情况。

小波变换与EMD方法在高铁雨棚数据降噪处理中的适用性分析

针对高铁雨棚长期监测数据中的噪声处理问题,分析了典型高铁雨棚监测信号的噪声特性,在此基础上,采用小波变换和经验模态分解EMD(empirical mode decomposition)方法对雨棚实测风压、应力、振动等典型信号进行降噪处理和对比分析。研究结果表明这两种方法在降低监测数据噪声、提高信噪比方面的有效性,并且通过结合主成分分析PCA(principal component analysis)的综合评估进一步证实了EMD在振动类和应力类数据降噪中的优越性。研究为实际工程中降噪技术的选择和应用提供了理论支持。

PIV空间分辨率对湍流多点统计量测量的影响

粒子图像测速(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV),尤其是平面PIV,因其技术成熟且能提供瞬时流场,被广泛应用于湍流统计特性实验研究。PIV测量的空间分辨率(实验测量中所能解析的最小流场尺度,由图像处理时问询域窗口大小决定)不能准确分辨湍流中的小尺度运动,导致PIV测量获得的湍流多点统计量的定量信息(如速度结构函数、湍流耗散率等)包含一定误差。为定量分析这一误差,本文采用空间滤波模型模拟PIV测量对单点速度矢量的作用,进而推导出PIV测得的速度结构函数及湍流耗散率随滤波尺度的变化规律。为检验该模型,通过模拟示踪粒子在基于均匀各向同性湍流直接数值模拟(DNS)得到的湍流速度场中的运动及PIV系统对其的成像,获得了计算合成的PIV粒子图像,采用标准PIV算法对该图像进行处理,获得了速度场并计算得到了相关的湍流统计量,将其与基于真实DNS数据计算得到的统计量对比,获得了定量的误差信息,并与模型的预测结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:本文建立的模型反映了PIV测量中空间分辨率对湍流统计量的影响。在冯·卡门旋流系统产生的近似均匀各向同性流场中进行了平面PIV测量,针对测量得到的速度结构函数与K41理论结果的误差,采用基于本文模型得到的结论进行了分析与校正。本文工作为PIV测量得到的湍流统计量(尤其是小尺度多点统计量)给出了一个基于理论指导的修正方案。

基于结构方程模型的心理问题预测算法设计

当前青年学生所面临的学习和生活压力越来越大,部分学生因无法有效排解压力而陷入心理危机,并由此造成了严重后果。针对缺少相对切实有效的心理问题预测算法的现状,提出了一种基于结构方程模型的相关预测算法。该算法从影响大学生心理问题的因素入手,筛选出其中主要的影响因素。并根据这些因素建立相应的心理危机指标体系及心理预警SEM模型,对模型进行分析以获得预测的结果。通过数值实验得到的结果,充分验证了所提心理问题预测算法的有效性与可行性。

采煤机摇臂浮动油封结构尺寸影响分析

介绍了采煤机摇臂浮动油封结构形式,对浮动油封使用处的结构进行分析,确定影响其结构尺寸的因素;对结构尺寸链及加工进行控制,从而达到满足尺寸公差要求;通过设置于滚筒联接套上的孔对安装后的浮动油封进行测量复核,从而避免浮动油封频繁漏油。

嵩县山金矿区地表沙岭塌陷区成因分析

嵩县山金矿区地表沙岭塌陷区成因分析表明,塌陷区形成与井下采空区分布、采矿方法、断层构造活动及水文地质条件密切相关。采空区的形成和充填效果、围岩应力转移、以及地表水文变化共同影响地表稳定性。建议进行深入研究,以优化开采和充填策略,减少塌陷风险。