Failure characteristics and the damage evolution of a composite bearing structure in pillar-side cemented paste backfilling

A backfilling body-coal pillar-backfilling body(BPB)structure formed by pillar-side cemented paste backfilling can bear overburden stress and ensure safe mining.However,the failure response of BPB composite samples must be investigated.This paper examines the deformation characteristics and damage evolution of six types of BPB composite samples using a digital speckle correlation method under uniaxial compression conditions.A new damage evolution equation was established on the basis of the input strain energy and dissipated strain energy at the peak stress.The prevention and control mechanisms of the backfilling body on the coal pillar instability were discussed.The results show that the deformation localization and macroscopic cracks of the BPB composite samples first appeared at the coal-backfilling interface,and then expanded to the backfilling elements,ultimately appearing in the coal elements.The elastic strain energy in the BPB composite samples reached a maximum at the peak stress,whereas the dissipated energy continued to accumulate and increase.The damage evolution curve and equation agree well with the test results,providing further understanding of instability prevention and the control mechanisms of the BPB composite samples.The restraining effect on the coal pillar was gradually reduced with decreasing backfilling body element's volume ratio,and the BPB composite structure became more vulnerable to failure.This research is expected to guide the design,stability monitoring,instability prevention,and control of BPB structures in pillar-side cemented paste backfilling mining.

Mechanical characteristics of composite honeycomb sandwichstructures under oblique impact

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)and CFRP-based composite honeycomb sandwich structures are particularly sensitive to impact.The mechanical characteristics of composite honeycomb sandwich structures under oblique impact are studied by numerical simulation and experiment.The oblique impact model is established,and the reliability of the model is verified by the oblique impact test.To further analyze the influence of structural parameters on energy absorption under oblique impact,the influence of impact angle,face sheet thickness and wall thickness of the honeycomb is numerically studied.The results show that the impact angle has an important effect on energy distribution.The structural parameters also have an effect on the peak contact force,contact time,and energy absorption,and the effect is different from normal impact due to the presence of frictional dissipation energy.Compared with normal impact,the debonding of oblique impact will be reduced,but the buckling range of the honeycomb core will be expanded.

Structure and electrochemical performance of hydrogen storage alloy La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)Ni_(2.875)Co_(0.525)Mn_(0.1)-boron composite

The structure and electrochemical characteristics of La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)Ni_(2.875)Co_(0.525)Mn_(0.1)-boron composite was studied systematically.The AB_(3) type hydrogen storage alloys La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)Ni_(2.875)Co_(0.525)Mn_(0.1) were successfully synthesized by means of inter-media alloy La_(2)Mg_(17).The alloys were composited with boron at different weight rate.From the XRD analyses,each alloy of this series is mainly composed of(La,Mg)Ni_(3) phase and the LaNi_(5) phase,and the phase abundance of each phase varies with the boron weight rate,moreover,after composition,the c and cell volumes of(La,Mg)Ni_(3) phase increase,and the LaNi_(5) phase keep the same,which indicate that the boron may enter(La,Mg)Ni_(3) phase.The electrochemical studies show that the maximum discharge capacity of the composites decreases,but the cycling life improved.And the high rate discharge ability and exchange impendence spectroscopy(EIS)of the AB_(3) alloys and its composite were also studied.

Experimental Study on Wear Performance and Oil Film Characteristics of Surface Textured Cylinder Liner in Marine Diesel Engine

It is of a vital importance to reduce the frictional losses in marine diesel engines. Advanced surface textures have provided an e ective solution to friction performance of rubbing pairs due to the rapid development of surface engineering techniques. However,the mechanisms through which textured patterns and texturing methods prove beneficial remains unclear. To address this issue,the tribological system of the cylinder liner?piston ring(CLPR) is investigated in this work. Two types of surface textures(Micro concave,Micro V?groove) are processed on the cylinder specimen using di erent processing methods. Comparative study on the friction coe cients,worn surface texture features and oil film characteristics are performed. The results demonstrate that the processing method of surface texture a ect the performance of the CLPR pairs under the specific testing conditions. In addition the micro V?groove processed by CNCPM is more favorable for improving the wear performances at the low load,while the micro?con?cave processed by CE is more favorable for improving the wear performances at the high load. These findings are in helping to understand the e ect of surface texture on wear performance of CLPR.

Hydraulic Self Servo Swing Cylinder Structure Optimization and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis Based on Genetic Algorithm

The dynamic characteristics of hydraulic self servo swing cylinder were analyzed according to the hydraulic system natural frequency formula. Based on that,a method of the hydraulic self servo swing cylinder structure optimization based on genetic algorithm was proposed in this paper. By analyzing the four parameters that affect the dynamic characteristics, we had to optimize the structure to obtain as larger the Dm( displacement) as possible under the condition with the purpose of improving the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic self servo swing cylinder. So three state equations were established in this paper. The paper analyzed the effect of the four parameters in hydraulic self servo swing cylinder natural frequency equation and used the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of structure parameters. The model was simulated by substituting the parameters and initial value to the simulink model. Simulation results show that: using self servo hydraulic swing cylinder natural frequency equation to study its dynamic response characteristics is very effective.Compared with no optimization,the overall system dynamic response speed is significantly improved.

Structural Design and Dynamic Characteristics of Overloaded Horizontal Servo Cylinder for Resisting Dynamic Partial Load

When an output curve force is applied to a horizontal servo cylinder with a heavy load, the piston rod bears a dynamic partial load based on the installation and load characteristics, which significantly a ects the frequency response and control accuracy of the servo cylinder. Based on this partial load, increased friction can lead to cylinder bore scu ng, leakage, lack of output power, or even system failure. In this paper, a novel asymmetric static-pressure support structure is proposed based on the principle of hydrostatic support. The radial component force of a dynamic partial load is balanced by cooperation between the support oil cushion of the variable hydraulic pressure support structure, oil cushion of the supportive force, and the damper. Adaptive control of the servo cylinder piston rod, guide sleeve, and piston, as well as the cylinder oil film friction between lubricated surfaces is achieved. In this paper, theoretical design and analysis of the traditional hydrostatic bearing structure and novel structure are presented. A hydraulic dynamic shear scissor is used as a research target to derive a structural dynamic model. Comparative simulations are performed using Matlab Simulink. Additionally, flow field analysis of the novel structure is performed, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the proposed structure and system.

Microlayered Composite Materials on Basis of Copper, Refractory, Rare-Earth Metals, and Carbon for Electrical Contacts and Electrodes

A technology for obtaining microlayered composite materials of Cu-Zr-Y-Mo, Cu-Zr-Y-Cr, Cu-Zr-Y-W and Cu-Zr-Y-C systems by means of high-speed electron-beam evaporation-condensation, structure, electrical, and mechanical properties at ambient and elevated temperatures is developed.

Research review on steel–concrete composite joint of railway hybrid girder cable-stayed bridges

Purpose–This study aims to research the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the investigation and analysis of the development history,structure form,structural parameters,stress characteristics,shear connector stress state,force transmission mechanism,and fatigue performance,aiming at the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge,the development trend,research status,research results and existing problems are expounded.Findings–The shear-compression composite joint has become the main form in practice,featuring shortened length and simplified structure.The length of composite joints between 1.5 and 3.0 m has no significant effect on the stress and force transmission laws of the main girder.The reasonable thickness of the bearing plate is 40–70 mm.The calculation theory and simplified calculation formula of the overall bearing capacity,the nonuniformity and distribution laws of the shear connector,the force transferring ratio of steel and concrete components,the fatigue failure mechanism and structural parameters effects are the focus of the research study.Originality/value–This study puts forward some suggestions and prospects for the structural design and theoretical research of the steel–concrete composite joint of railway long-span hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge.

Comparison study of environmental influences on the intensification of different deep Changjiang-Huaihe cyclones over the East China and Yellow Seas

Abstract： Statistical classification of the intensification of different deepChangiang-Huaihe Cyclones （CHCs） over the East China and Yellow Seas （ECYSs）during 2008 to 2012 is studied using the FNL reanalysis data. Based on the penetrationdepth and the season of occurrence, the CHCs are divided into four categoriesincluding warm-season-deep （WSD）, warm-season-shallow （WSS）, winter-shallow（WTS） and early-spring-bottom （ESB）. Statistics show the CHCs take either aneastward or a northeastward path after entering ECYSs. After moving to the seas, theintensification of CHCs is more significant in cold season than that in warm season.They all have the reduction of the friction of the underlying surface and the increase ofthe near surface winds. The area of strong winds extends and migrates from the east tothe southeast of the CHCs. A significant increase of precipitation during the warmseasons is consistent with the penetration depth of the cyclones. While a slight increaseof precipitation in cold season cyclones and scattered precipitation is observed behindthe ESB cyclones in the early stage of spring. Synthetic diagnosis analysis of the CHCsover ECYSs shows that the latent heat release plays an important role in theamplification of cyclones during the warm season. The ESB cyclones are sensitive tothe dynamic and thermal effects from the underlying surface. The vertical stretching of the positive vorticity volume is much more significant in ESB cyclones than that in othercyclones. The height of maximum upper level divergence is proportional to thepenetration depth of the cyclone for all the categories. Diabatic heating from the underlying surface is more prominent in cold season cyclones. Downward transport ofthe kinetic energy from upper level jet and the reduced friction both have positivecontributions to intensification of the CHCs. Moist Potential Vorticity （MPV） has morecontribution to the intensification of warm season cyclones, especially WSD cyclones.The combined effects from inertial stability and shear stability are beneficial to theamplification of the cyclones in cold season. The position and strength of thetemperature and moisture front from MPV2 term at 1000 hPa coincides with the areaand intensity of precipitation, which shows that the MPV2 is an effective reference forCHCs rainfall forecast.

Bionic Design and Simulation Analysis of Energy⁃Efficient and Vibration⁃Damping Walking Mechanism

African ostrich can run for 30 min at a speed of 60 km/h in the desert,and its hindlimb has excellent energy saving and vibration damping performance.In order to realize the energy⁃efficient and vibration⁃damping design of the leg mechanism of the legged robot,the principle of engineering bionics was applied.According to the passive rebound characteristic of the intertarsal joint of the ostrich foot and the characteristic of variable output stiffness of the ostrich hindlimb,combined with the proportion and size of the structure of the ostrich hindlimb,the bionic rigid⁃flexible composite legged robot single⁃leg structure was designed.The locomotion of the bionic mechanical leg was simulated by means of ADAMS.Through the motion simulation analysis,the influence of the change of the inner spring stiffness coefficient within a certain range on the vertical acceleration of the body centroid and the motor power consumption was studied,and the optimal stiffness coefficient of the inner spring was obtained to be 200 N/mm,and it was further verified that the inner and outer spring mechanism could effectively reduce the energy consumption of the mechanical leg.Simulation results show that the inner and outer spring mechanism could effectively reduce the motor energy consumption by about 72.49%.

刚柔复合式路面结构与材料及发展趋势

刚柔复合式路面作为一种耐久性路面结构,广泛应用于重载交通、特殊地质条件、桥隧铺装等工程。为进一步推动耐久性刚柔复合式路面的应用,明确研究中的关键问题及发展方向,该文综述了国内外刚柔复合式路面的相关研究进展。在梳理刚柔复合式路面结构设计理论及施工技术的基础上,首先阐述了刚柔复合式路面的结构力学行为特征,分析了沥青面层和刚性基层的荷载应力、温度应力及其交互影响,刚性基层上的沥青面层一方面直接承受荷载和环境作用,另一方面可以改善下卧结构层的应力场和温度场,是影响刚柔复合式路面服役性能及使用寿命的关键;明确了刚柔复合式路面的病害主要出现在沥青面层,由于沥青面层与刚性基层之间的模量差异巨大,刚性基层上的沥青面层更倾向于产生压剪破坏,刚性基层的开裂以及刚‒柔层间的结合状态对沥青路面的性能也有着显著影响;最后,分别从沥青面层抗剪、基层板整体性、刚‒柔层间结合3个方面归纳了刚柔复合式路面性能的提升技术。基于刚柔复合式路面的结构力学特性,开展结构‒高性能材料一体化设计是提升刚柔复合式路面使用性能和耐久性的有效途径。

不同尺寸和结构的烟梗吸湿特性及其成因

【目的】研究细梗、中等梗、拐头的吸湿特性及其成因,以优化不同尺寸和结构的烟梗分组加工技术。【方法】采用自主研制的烟梗热湿特性分析装置考察3种烟梗的吸湿特性,使用扫描电镜观测样品表皮和梗横断面的微观结构,利用连续流动分析仪检测烟梗的化学组成。【结果】细梗、中等梗、拐头吸湿能力依次降低,随着空气湿度的增大,吸湿速率和平衡含水率增大,其吸湿曲线符合Weibull模型。细梗、中等梗、拐头表皮的气孔数量依次减少;中等梗和细梗横断面的气孔明显大于拐头的气孔。细梗、中等梗、拐头的总糖、还原糖和总植物碱含量依次减少,蛋白质含量依次增加。【结论】细梗、中等梗、拐头的吸湿速率与其孔隙发达程度正相关,且吸湿速率随着空气湿度的增大而增大;拐头、中等梗、细梗的平衡含水率依次增大,原因是其总糖(或还原糖)含量依次增大,提供了更多的水分吸附位点。不同尺寸和结构烟梗的吸湿特性差异明显,有必要按照尺寸和结构对烟梗进行分组加工。

非全周开口滑阀阀控数字液压缸动态特性分析

现有阀控数字液压缸中集成的滑阀通常采用全周开口,其流量增益大、阀芯所受液动力大,严重影响数字液压缸的起动和切换时的动态响应特性。针对6种典型非全周开口滑阀结构,计算了各阀芯节流槽过流面积,确定了在过流面积相同的情况下,一级(U、V、K形)和二级(UU、UV、UK形)节流槽的结构参数;比较了不同结构形式的非全周开口滑阀的数字液压缸在阶跃信号下的响应和阶跃负载扰动的响应。仿真及实验结果表明:相较其他阀口形式,节流槽采用K形及UK形结构时,数字液压缸在阶跃输入信号下的响应较好;而相较于UK形节流槽,阀芯采用K形节流槽时,滑阀控制的数字液压缸的负载刚度更好,速度冲击更小,但活塞无杆腔建立工作压力较慢;阀芯采用UK形节流槽时,滑阀控制的数字液压缸的在相同负载干扰下响应速度更快。

复合材料双层球壳与环板耦合结构振动特性研究

以一阶剪切变形理论为基础,采用谱几何法对不同边界条件下复合材料双层球壳与环板耦合结构振动特性分析模型进行构建,其中采用人工虚拟弹簧技术模拟耦合结构的边界条件。根据耦合处的连接关系,通过布置耦合弹簧模拟器对子结构之间的耦合关系进行模拟。应用哈密顿原理对复合材料双层球壳与环板耦合结构的特征方程进行推导,对耦合结构的固有特性和稳态响应进行求解。将所得结果与有限元结果进行对比,验证了计算的正确性。分析了几何参数、材料参数对复合材料双层球壳与环板耦合结构振动响应的影响。

额尔齐斯河支流哈巴河河谷林植物多样性特征

对额尔齐斯河支流哈巴河河谷林植物物种组成、多样性特征进行调查,并基于龄级结构评价了乔木物种的生存现状。结果表明:哈巴河河谷林共有维管植物30科70属86种,包括蕨类植物1科1属4种,被子植物29科69属82种。其中,国家二级重点保护野生植物2种,濒危种1种,渐危种1种,新疆特有种5种;菊科(Asteraceae)属数和种数均最多,为第1大科,其次是豆科(Fabaceae)和杨柳科(Salicaceae)。乔木优势种为垂枝桦(Betula pendula Roth.),灌木优势种为疏花蔷薇(Rosa laxa Retz.),草本优势种为草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis Linn.)。草本的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数总体大于灌木和乔木;草本的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数在海拔389~435 m间总体随海拔升高而升高,在海拔435~585 m间总体随海拔升高而降低。垂枝桦的幼苗〔Ⅰ级,胸径(DBH)≤5.0 cm〕、幼树(Ⅱ级,5.0 cm<DBH≤10.0 cm)和小树(Ⅲ级,10.0 cm<DBH≤15.0 cm)数量远少于壮树(Ⅳ级至Ⅵ级,15.0 cm<DBH≤30.0 cm)和老树(Ⅶ级至Ⅹ级,DBH>30.0 cm);苦杨(Populus laurifolia Ledeb.)和银白杨(Populus alba Linn.)的幼苗数量虽然较多,但各径级分布不均匀且壮树和老树较少;白柳(Salix alba Linn.)、黑杨(Populus nigra Linn.)、额河杨〔Populus×berolinensis var.jrtyschensis(C.Y.Yang)C.Shang〕、银灰杨〔Populus canescens(Ait.)Smith.〕和柔毛杨(Populus pilosa Rehd.)数量较少且各径级分布不均匀。总体上看,哈巴河河谷林植物资源丰富,草本物种丰富度最高,且分布相对均匀,对稳定哈巴河河谷林植物多样性有重要作用。哈巴河河谷林各乔木种群均存在一定程度的衰退风险,可从调整河流水量和放牧等方面加强哈巴河河谷林区域的生态保护,尤其是包含较多珍稀物种和新疆特有种的杨柳科。

亚临界雷诺数下串列双波浪锥柱绕流数值模拟

针对风力俘能结构布局问题,基于大涡模拟(LES)方法,在亚临界雷诺数下(Re=3900)研究有限长串列双波浪锥柱的升阻力特性及其流动结构随间距比的变化规律。结果表明:由于上游波浪锥柱的影响,下游波浪锥柱的脉动升力系数大幅增大,当间距比为3时,表面时均压力系数分布形式呈反向分布;随间距比增加,上游波浪锥柱尾流充分发展,并产生大量肋状涡撞击在下游波浪锥柱表面,下游波浪锥柱产生大的脉动升力,相较于单直圆柱提升约15.3倍,阻力系数降低约0.172。所得结果可为风力俘能结构布局提供有益参考。

循环载荷作用下煤岩复合结构宏-细观破坏特征及能量-损伤本构模型

煤炭深部开采过程中,周期性开采扰动行为会使邻近煤层的煤岩复合结构承受循环载荷的作用,因此,研究不同循环载荷作用下煤岩复合试样的力学响应行为及宏-细观失效特征具有重要工程意义。选取3种不同的加(卸)载速率,开展了2种循环加卸载路径下的单轴循环压缩试验(同步测定声发射信号),分析了煤岩复合试样的损伤失效特征;基于能量耗散原理,构建了煤岩复合试样在循环载荷作用下的能量-损伤本构模型,最后结合试验实测数据进行验证。结果表明:加(卸)载速率与复合试样的峰值强度呈正相关,当加(卸)载速率从0.05 mm/min增大到0.15 mm/min时,恒定下限逐步循环加卸载路径(路径I)、变上下限等幅循环加卸载路径(路径II)下,试样的峰值应力分别增加了22.44%和28.89%;高加(卸)载速率下,试样的内部裂纹扩展越快,煤岩复合试样中煤组分的破碎程度加剧,分形维数随之增大,试样的内部裂纹扩展越快;随着加(卸)载速率的增大,煤组分中沿基质破坏增多。循环分级跨度大的路径(路径I)有助于试样内部的应力传递,为试样内部裂纹的发育提供了有利条件,导致对应试样的破坏程度更高。试验曲线和能量-损伤本构理论曲线具有较强的一致性,表明所建的能量-损伤本构模型能够很好地描述煤岩复合试样在循环加卸载过程中的变形行为。

压电纤维致动柔性结构的仿鱼体波振动特性及流场分布研究

提出利用压电纤维(MFC)致动柔性结构的二阶振动模态来模仿鲹科鱼类的鱼体波运动。基于假设模态法求解智能柔性结构的前三阶振型,实验测得水下柔性结构的二阶振型,验证了智能柔性结构的二阶振型逼近鲹科鲈鱼的鱼体波。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)分析了柔性结构周围流线及压力分布情况,结果表明:二阶振动行为下,柔性结构节点前后流线方向相反;两侧流场始终存在两组高、低压集中区域,且节点前后的压力集中区域分布相反;柔性结构两侧始终存在正压梯度,其中向前的压力分量为柔性结构提供持续的推进力,而节点前后压力分量产生的侧向力方向相反,部分抵消,增强了柔性结构的侧向稳定性。研究结果为水下仿生推进器的设计和性能分析提供了重要参考。

香榧油-薯蓣皂素油凝胶的制备及其结构和消化特性研究

以香榧油(Torreya grandis oil, TGO)为油相、薯蓣皂素(Diosgenin, DSG)为凝胶剂制备TGO-DSG油凝胶(TDOG油凝胶),研究其微观结构、流变特性、质构特性、晶体结构等,以及其凝胶形成原理及凝胶化对其消化特性的影响规律。结果表明:TDOG油凝胶是由小而密和大而松散的两种球状DSG结晶通过纤维交联的三维网络构建而成。TDOG油凝胶的储能模量(G′)大于损耗模量(G″),呈现剪切稀化特征,相转变温度约为86.8℃。当消化时间为120 min时,TDOG油凝胶的消化率为40.7%,显著低于TGO(50.9%),即凝胶化能降低TDOG中TGO的消化率;另外,TDOG油凝胶消化上清液中的饱和脂肪酸含量高于不饱和脂肪酸,即凝胶化会增加不饱和脂肪酸的消化难度,且不饱和度越高其消化难度越大。因此,TDOG油凝胶可作为固体脂肪的替代品,应用于健康功能食品的开发。

连续阻尼夹嵌结构复合材料的弯曲疲劳特性研究

为了研究连续阻尼夹嵌结构复合材料(CDSSC)的弯曲疲劳特性,采用120℃共固化工艺制备了CDSSC试件并进行了静载三点弯曲试验和三点弯曲疲劳试验。在静载三点弯曲试验中,运用ANSYS数值模拟与试验结果共同求解出CDSSC外载荷与弯曲应力的线性公式;在三点弯曲疲劳试验中,采用线性公式求解出不同等级的应力水平并对CDSSC施加等效的疲劳循环载荷,试验结束后通过拟合得到CDSSC的疲劳-寿命(S-N)曲线。采用相同疲劳循环载荷研究了阻尼层厚度对CDSSC疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:CDSSC疲劳失效的主要形式是层间滑移,且不会发生脆性断裂;疲劳寿命主要受材料中阻尼层的影响,当阻尼层厚度达到0.3mm时,疲劳寿命明显缩短,此后疲劳寿命趋于平稳;当阻尼层厚度为0.1mm时,CDSSC的疲劳性能最佳。