MEASURING STRUCTURE COMPLEXITY OF UML CLASS DIAGRAMS

To provide system designer a valid measure to evaluate the structure complexityof class diagrams objectively, this letter first proposes a method to transform a class diagramsinto a weighted class dependence graph, then presents a structure complexity measure for classdiagrams based on entropy distance.

A Method for Measuring the Structure Complexity of Web Application

The precise and effective measure results of Web applications not only facilitate good comprehension of them, but also benefit to the macro-management of software activities, such as testing, reverse engineering, reuse, etc. The paper exploits some researches on measuring the structure complexity of Web application. Through a deep analysis of the configuration and objects＇ interactions of Web system, two conclusions have been drawn：① A generic Web application consists of static web page, dynamic page, component and database object; ② The main interactions have only three styles, that is static link, dynamic link and call/return relation. Based on analysis and modeling of the content of a Web page （static or dynamic）, complexity measure methods of both control logic of script and nesting of HTML code are further discussed. In addition, two methods for measuring the complexity of inte〉page navigation are also addressed by modeling the inte〉page navigation behaviors of Web application via WNG graph.

Discussion on the Complex Structure of Nilpotent Lie Groups Gk

Consider the real, simply-connected, connected, s-step nilpotent Lie group G endowed with a left-invariant, integrable almost complex structure J, which is nilpotent. Consider the simply-connected, connected nilpotent Lie group Gk, defined by the nilpotent Lie algebra g/ak, where g is the Lie algebra of G, and ak is an ideal of g. Then, J gives rise to an almost complex structure Jk on Gk. The main conclusion obtained is as follows: if the almost complex structure J of a nilpotent Lie group G is nilpotent, then J can give rise to a left-invariant integrable almost complex structure Jk on the nilpotent Lie group Gk, and Jk is also nilpotent.

Numerical simulation and dimension reduction analysis of electromagnetic logging while drilling of horizontal wells in complex structures

Electromagnetic logging while drilling(LWD)is one of the key technologies of the geosteering and formation evaluation for high-angle and horizontal wells.In this paper,we solve the dipole source-generated magnetic/electric fields in 2D formations efficiently by the 2.5D finite diff erence method.Particularly,by leveraging the field’s rapid attenuation in spectral domain,we propose truncated Gauss–Hermite quadrature,which is several tens of times faster than traditional inverse fast Fourier transform.By applying the algorithm to the LWD modeling under complex formations,e.g.,folds,fault and sandstone pinch-outs,we analyze the feasibility of the dimension reduction from 2D to 1D.For the formations with smooth lateral changes,like folds,the simplified 1D model’s results agree well with the true responses,which indicate that the 1D simplification with sliding window is feasible.However,for the formation structures with drastic rock properties changes and sharp boundaries,for instance,faults and sandstone pinch-outs,the simplified 1D model will lead to large errors and,therefore,2.5D algorithms should be applied to ensure the accuracy.

Study on the Structure of Supramolecular Inclusion Complex of β-Cyclodextrin with Retinoic Acid

Inclusion compound of retinoic acid with (-cyclodextrin was prepared by coprecipitating method, the structure of resulting product was studied by elemental analysis, differential scanning caloriemetry(DSC) analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, and the formed supramolecule self-assembles in aqueous solution according to molar ratio 2:1 of host-guest.

Image segmentation of small defects in precision weldments with complex structure

In this paper, the X-ray nondestructive test method of small defects in precision weldments with complex structure was presented. To resolve the difficulty of defect segmentation in variable grey image, the image processing based on Visual Basic programming method was adopted. The methods of automatic contrast and partial grey stretch were used to enhance the X-ray detection image which has relatively low contrast, then automatic threshold method was carried out to segment the two high intensity zones, and weld zones which contain the small defects was extracted. Smoothing and sharpen processing were proceeded on the extracted weld zones, and small defects in X-ray detection image of weldments with complex structure were segmented by using the method of background subtraction in the end. The effects of raster were eliminated, and because of that the image processing was only proceeded on the extracted weld zones, the calculated speed using the above provided algorithm was improved.

ISOPARAMETRIC HYPERSURFACES AND COMPLEX STRUCTURES

The main purpose of this note is to construct almost complex or complex structures on certain isoparametric hypersurfaces in unit spheres.As a consequence,complex structures on S^(1)×S^(7)×S^(6),and on S^(10)×S^(3)×S(2)with vanishing first Chern class,are built.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Manganese Complex with 1-Carboxymethylpyridinium-3-carboxylate

One complex with a zwitterionic dicarboxylate ligand, [Mn（L）（N3）]n 1 （L = 1-car- boxymethylpyridinium-3-carboxylate）, was synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 7.570（2）, b = 7.808（2）, c = 9.232（3） A, β= 94.450（19）°, V= 489.0（3） A3, Z = 2, Mr = 277.11, Dc = 1.882 g/cm3, F（000） = 278,μ = 1.359 mm-1, S = 1.021, the final R = 0.0509 and wR = 0.1149 for 2236 observed reflections with 1 〉 2σ（I）. Complex 1 consists of two-dimensional coordination layers in which the anionic uniform chains with mixed triple bridges （one end-on （EO） azide and two syn-syn carboxylates） are cross-linked by the flexible cationic N-methylpyridinium spacers. Magnetic studies demonstrated that the triple bridge in 1 transmits antiferromagnetic coupling between the Mn（Ⅱ） ions.

Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Solving Transient Nonlinear Inverse Heat Conduction Problem in Complex Structure

Accurately solving transient nonlinear inverse heat conduction problems in complex structures is of great importance to provide key parameters for modeling coupled heat transfer process and the structure’s optimization design.The finite element method in ABAQUS is employed to solve the direct transient nonlinear heat conduction problem.Improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)method is developed and used to solve the transient nonlinear inverse problem.To investigate the inverse performances,some numerical tests are provided.Boundary conditions at inaccessible surfaces of a scramjet combustor with the regenerative cooling system are inversely identified.The results show that the new methodology can accurately and efficiently determine the boundary conditions in the scramjet combustor with the regenerative cooling system.By solving the transient nonlinear inverse problem,the improved particle swarm optimization for solving the transient nonlinear inverse heat conduction problem in a complex structure is verified.

Complex structure of human Hsp90~N and a novel small inhibitor FS5

Heat shock proteins(Hsps)are a family of abundantly expressed ATP-dependent chaperone proteins.Hsp90 is an eminent member of Hsp family.Thus far,two primary functions have been described for Hsp90:first,as a regulator of conformational change of some protein kinases and nuclear hormone receptors,and the other as an indispensable factor in cellular stress response.Hsp90 has an essential number of interaction proteins since it participates in almost every biological process and its importance is self-evident.Hsp90 has an inextricable relationship in the pathogenesis of cancer,especially in the proliferation and irradiation of cancer cells,thus being a notable cancer target.Since the discovery of geldanamycin,the first inhibitor of Hsp90,from the bacterial species Streptomyces hygroscopicus,even more attention has been focused toward Hsp90.Many structure-based inhibitors of Hsp90 have been designed to develop an innovative method to defeat cancer.However,already designed inhibitors have various deficiencies,such as hepatotoxicity,poor aqueous solubility,instability,and non-ideal oral bioavailability.Based on the aforementioned reasons and to achieve an optimal performance and fewer side effects,we designed a novel inhibitor of Hsp90,called FS5,and resolved the crystal structure of the Hsp90^N-FS5 complex(1.65 A°,PDB code 5XRB).Furthermore,we compared the complexes Hsp90^N,Hsp90^N-GDM,and Hsp90^N-ATP and suggest that the inhibitor FS5 may compete with ATP for binding to Hsp90,which can be regarded as a potential strategy for the development of novel cancer drugs in the future.

The complex band structure for armchair graphene nanoribbons

Using a tight binding transfer matrix method, we calculate the complex band structure of armchair graphene nanoribbons. The real part of the complex band structure calculated by the transfer matrix method fits well with the bulk band structure calculated by a Hermitian matrix. The complex band structure gives extra information on carrier＇s decay behaviour. The imaginary loop connects the conduction and valence band, and can profoundly affect the characteristics of nanoscale electronic device made with graphene nanoribbons. In this work, the complex band structure calculation includes not only the first nearest neighbour interaction, but also the effects of edge bond relaxation and the third nearest neighbour interaction. The band gap is classified into three classes. Due to the edge bond relaxation and the third nearest neighbour interaction term, it opens a band gap for N = 3M- 1. The band gap is almost unchanged for N =3M ＋ 1, but decreased for N = 3M. The maximum imaginary wave vector length provides additional information about the electrical characteristics of graphene nanoribbons, and is also classified into three classes.

A review of the design methods of complex topology structures for 3D printing

As a matter of fact,most natural structures are complex topology structures with intricate holes or irregular surface morphology.These structures can be used as lightweight infill,porous scaffold,energy absorber or micro-reactor.With the rapid advancement of 3D printing,the complex topology structures can now be efficiently and accurately fabricated by stacking layered materials.The novel manufacturing technology and application background put forward new demands and challenges to the current design methodologies of complex topology structures.In this paper,a brief review on the development of recent complex topology structure design methods was provided;meanwhile,the limitations of existing methods and future work are also discussed in the end.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Hg(Ⅱ)and Ag(Ⅰ)Complexes Containing 2-Acetylpyridine-paminobenzoylhydrazone Ligand

The two complexes [HgI_2L]（DMF）（1） and [AgL_2]（ClO_4）（CH_3CN）（2） were synthesized from the reaction of Schiff base ligand（2-acetylpyridine-p-aminobenzoylhydrazone）（L） with HgI_2 or AgClO_4 respectively. The compounds are characterized by ^1H NMR,FTIR and elemental analysis. The structures of the ligand and two complexes are measured via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In these two complexes,the structures are both distorted triangular bipyramids with five-coordinated centers.

One Novel Mn(Ⅱ)Complex with 1-Substituted-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic Acid:Crystal Structure,Fluorescence and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis

The crystal structure of one novel Mn（II） complex, [Mn（pmta）_3]_2[Mn（H_2O）_6]·4H_2O（1）, is reported（Hpmta = 5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid）. In the title compound, the asymmetric unit consists of a [Mn（pmta_）3]ˉ anion, half [Mn（H_2O）_6]^（2＋） counter cation and two lattice H_2O molecules, and the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds connect the complex into a supramolecular structure. The liquid-state fluorescence spectra of complex 1 have been determined. Hirshfeld surface analysis was also studied. The main intermolecular interactions in the complex are O···H and H···H contacts.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of a Discrete Cuprous Iodide Compound with a Transition Metal Complex Cation

With transition metal complex, a discrete cuprous iodide compound, namely, [Ni（phen）3]2Cu6I10（1, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline） has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that compound 1 crystallizes in triclinic space group P1（No. 2） with a = 11.2694（2）, b = 12.3699（3）, c = 15.0387（3） ？, α = 102.840（2）, β = 105.215（2）, γ = 96.388（2）°, V = 1940.04（7） ^3, Z = 1, Dc = 2.438 g·cm^-3, F（000） = 1324, R = 0.0256 and w R = 0.0555（I 〉 2σ（I））. Compound 1 features a discrete anionic moiety of [Cu6I10]^4- charge-balanced by two metal complexes of [Ni（phen）3]2＋. The optical absorption edge of compound 1 was estimated to be 2.24 eV. Interestingly, nearly 95% of contaminant（crystal violet aqueous solution（CV）, 50 m L, 1.0 × 10^-5 M） could be decolorized after exposure to visible light within 30 min, illustrating an impressive photocatalytic activity of compound 1. The thermal stability of 1 has also been studied.

Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Activity of a Palladium(Ⅱ) Complex Based on 4-Chloro-2-[(6-methyl-pyridin-2-ylimino)-methyl]-phenol Ligand

The title complex bis{4-chloro-2-[（6-methyl-pyridin-2-ylimino）-methyl]-phenol}-palladium（Ⅱ）（C_（26）H_（20）Cl_2N_4O_2Pd） has been synthesized by the reaction of 4-chloro-2-[（6-methylpyridin- 2-ylimino）-methyl]-phenol with Pd（CH_3COO）_2, and characterized by IR spectrum and elemental analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis results further confirmed the molecular structures. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2_1/c with a = 4.1324（2）, b = 23.5432（16）, c = 11.8943（8） A, β = 91.238（5）o, V = 1156.93（12） ？~3, C_（26）H_（20）Cl_2N_4O_2Pd, M_r = 597.76, Z = 2, D_c = 1.716 g/cm^3, μ = 1.067 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 600, the final R = 0.0247 and w R = 0.0677（I 〉 2σ（I））. In the presence of methylaluminoxane（MAO）, the complex exhibits excellent catalytic activities（1.737×10~7 g of PNB（mol of Pd）^（-1）·h^（-1）） in the vinyl polymerization of norbornene.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fluorescent Property of a Zn(Ⅱ) Complex with 1,3-Bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene and 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylate

A novel zinc complex [Zn（BIB）（bdc）]n（1, BIB = 1,3-bis（imidazol-1-yl）benzene, bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate） has been synthesized in solvothermal conditions. The title complex was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, thermal analysis, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The result proved that the alliance of BIB and aromatic carboxylic acids is good for the diversity of getatable structure. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system of P2/c space group with a = 11.5591（10）, b = 9.6239（8）, c = 33.727（3）A, β = 103.816（3）°, V = 3643.4（5） A^3, Z = 8, μ = 1.385 mm^-1, F（000） = 1792, Dc = 1.603 g/cm^3 and Mr = 439.72 g/mol. Additionally, luminescent properties of complex 1 are also investigated and it shows good fluorescence.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescence Property of a Cd(Ⅱ) Complex Assembled by 4-Carboxymethoxy Phenylacetic Acid

A new structure with the molecular formula [CdL]n was formed by CdSO4 with 4-carboxymethoxy phenylacetic acid （H2L） through the hydrothermal method. The complex was characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which is of monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 10.3887（2）, b = 7.10710（10）, c = 14.7212（2） , β = 120.6940（10）°, V = 934.65（3） 3, Dc = 2.278 g·cm-3, Z = 4, F（000） = 624, S = 1.022, the final R = 0.0187 and wR = 0.0487 for 2000 observer reflections （Ⅰ 〉 2σ（Ⅰ））. The center metal ion Cd（Ⅱ） in the complex is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry, and is connected with L ligands to form a 3D fishing net structure, which is a novel （3,6） network topology. The luminescence of the complex has been investigated, and the result reveals that it displays luminescent property in the voilet region.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Catalytic Performance of the Trifluoro-substituted Mono(β-diiminato)Copper(Ⅱ)Complex

Two novel copper complexes with methyl or trifluoro-substituted mono-β-diiminato ligands and one acetoxyl anion were synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis for the first time. The structure of complex 2 bearing trifluoro substituents was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 7.377（4）, b = 11.727（6）, c = 12.913（7） ？, α = 116.569（6）, β = 98.829（7）, γ = 96.520（6）°, V = 966.2（8） ？3, Z = 2, Mr = 479.86, Dc = 1.649 g/cm3, F（000） = 482, μ = 1.205 mm-1, the final R = 0.0370 and w R = 0.0903 for 3430 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. These mono-β-diiminato copper complexes can effectively catalyze methacrylate（MA） polymerization when activated by MMAO. The introduction of fluoro groups into the N-aryl ring of β-diiminato ligands can greatly increase the catalytic activity of copper complexes as well as the molecular weight of PMA.

Synthesis, Structure and Norbornene Polymerization Catalyzed by Nickel(Ⅱ) Complex Bearing N,O-bis(1-(6-ethylpyridin-2-ylimino)-methylenyl)naphthalen-2-ol Ligand

The title complex bis{1-{[（6-ethyl-2-pyridinyl）imino]methylenyl}-2-naphthale- nolato-N,O}-nickel（lI） （C36H32NnO2Ni） has been synthesized by the reaction of l-{[（6-ethyl-2- pyridinyl）imino]methylenyl}-2-naphthalenol with Ni（CH3COO）2·4H2O, and characterized by IR spectrum, elemental analysis and TG. The complicated space structure has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.410（4）, b = 14.382（4）, c = 18.121（6） ,A, β = 97.147（6）% V= 2950.5（16）A3, C36H32N4O2Ni, Mr = 611.37, Z = 4, Dc = 1.376 g/cm3, μ = 0.698 mm-1 F（000） = 1280, the final R = 0.0519 and wR = 0.1493 （1 〉2σ（I））. This title compound was used as precatalysts for the polymerisation of norbornene. When activated with MAO, the complex exhibited excellent catalytic activity up to 1.98 × 107 g ofPNB （mol of Ni）-1 h-1 with high monomer conversion.