Dynamic experimental study on rock meso-cracks growth by digital image processing technique

A new meso-mechanical testing scheme based on SEM was developed to carry out the experiment of microfracturing process of rocks. The microfracturing process of the pre-crack marble sample on surrounding rock in the immerged Long-big tunnel in Jinping Cascade II Hydropower Station under uniaxial compression was recorded by using the testing scheme. According to the stereology theory, the propagation and coalescent of cracks at meso-scale were quantitatively investigated with digital technology. Therefore, the basic geometric information of rock microcracks such as area, angle, length, width, perimeter, was obtained from binary images after segmentation. The failure mechanism of specimen under uniaxial compression with the quantitative information was studied from macro and microscopic point of view. The results show that the image of microfracturing process of the specimen can be observed and recorded digitally. During the damage of the specimen, the distribution of microcracks in the specimen is still subjected to exponential distribution with some microcracks concentrated in certain regions. Finally, the change law of the fractal dimension of the local element in marble sample under different external load conditions is obtained by means of the statistical calculation of the fractal dimension.

Improvements of Traditional Laser Fraunhofer Diffraction Experiment Using Digital Image Processing Method

We present an improved digital image processing(DIP)method to calculate the widths of single slits.Different from the traditional laser Fraunhofer diffraction experiment in college physical experiments,by performing fast Fourier transform,inverse fast Fourier transform and the nonlinear leastsquare fitting on the diffraction pattern taken by a camera,the DIP method can quickly return an analytic expression,whose period is used to calculate widths of single slits.By comparing the measured results by the DIP method and the successional difference(SD)method,we find that for a single slit whose width is 60372μm,the DIP method is more accurate.Experimental results show that for single slits with widths between 40μm and 160μm,the relative error of the DIP method is less than 2.78%.Also,the DIP method can be used to measure the diameter of filament and fibres online in real time.

Portable Structure Surface Crack Detection System Based on Android Platform

Cracks,potholes,and other defects often occur on infrastructure such as bridges,among which cracks are one of the most frequent defects.They have diverse shapes and are difficult to detect.Traditional manual inspection methods are inefficient and have low accuracy,while automated inspection machines are bulky and inconvenient to carry and use.Based on the shortcomings of existing detection technologies,this paper proposes a portable structural surface crack detection system based on the Android platform using a portable hand-held image acquisition device.The system captures cracks on the structure's surface and obtains high-definition crack images.Then,these images are transmitted to portable smartphone terminals through Wi-Fi.Next,the image is pre-processed using weighted averaging,grayscale linear transformation,and adaptive median filtering.Then,the improved Canny edge detection algorithm is applied to identify crack information,and the edge segmentation algorithm is used to determine the crack width.Finally,based on camera calibration,the pixels are converted into the length data required for actual measurement.The results show that the system is easy to operate,and it not only has crack storage and tracking functions,but also can effectively measure the crack width on the surface of components.The measurement accuracy of this system reaches the sub-pixel level,and in actual testing,compared with the crack width gauge,the maximum relative error does notexceed6.25%.

Automatic measurement of three-phase contact angles in pore throats based on digital images

With the help of digital image processing technology, an automatic measurement method for the three-phase contact angles in the pore throats of the microfluidic model was established using the microfluidic water flooding experiment videos as the data source. The results of the new method were verified through comparing with the manual measurement data.On this basis, the dynamic changes of the three-phase contact angles under flow conditions were clarified by the contact angles probability density curve and mean value change curve. The results show that, for water-wetting rocks, the mean value of the contact angles is acute angle during the early stage of the water flooding process, and it increases with the displacement time and becomes obtuse angle in the middle-late stage of displacement as the dominant force of oil phase gradually changes from viscous force to capillary force. The droplet flow in the remaining oil occurs in the central part of the pore throats, without three-phase contact angle. The contact angles for the porous flow and the columnar flow change slightly during the displacement and present as obtuse angles in view of mean values, which makes the remaining oil poorly movable and thus hard to be recovered. The mean value of the contact angle for the cluster flow tends to increase in the flooding process, which makes the remaining oil more difficult to be recovered. The contact angles for the membrane flow are mainly obtuse angles and reach the highest mean value in the late stage of displacement, which makes the remaining oil most difficult to be recovered. After displacement, the remaining oils under different flow regimes are just subjected to capillary force, with obtuse contact angles, and the wettability of the pore throat walls in the microfluidic model tends to be oil-wet under the action of crude oil.

Processing of Laser Scanner Data and Extraction of Structure Lines Using Methods of the Image Processing

激光扫描数据提供了一种新的手段用于获取高精度的数字地形表面模型。原始的航空激光扫描数据表达的是一些非规则分布的“点云” ,这些非规则分布的点需要进行有效的事后处理。这种事后处理有 2个目的 :一是将那些分布在地表面上的点 (即地面点 )与分布在非地表面上的点 (譬如树木、房屋或汽车上的点 ,即非地面点 )进行有效的分离 ;二是从分离后的地面点中提取结构线 ,用于建立高精度的数字地面模型。作者发展了一系列的基于数字形态学理论和稳健参数估计理论的方法用于分离和探测地面点。这里所介绍和开发的提取结构线的算法建立在数字图像处理和表面曲率理论的基础上。这些算法同样可以扩展地用于其他领域。所介绍的基于数字图像处理理论处理原始的航空激光扫瞄数据和提取结构线的方法取得了很好的结果。

Two-dimensional SEM image-based analysis of coal porosity and its pore structure

A quantitative analysis of the porosity,pore size distribution,and fractal dimensions of pores is significant for studying the pore structure characteristics of coal.This study utilized 12 anthracite coal samples from the Sihe mining area to explore the pore structure characteristics of the coal therein.Hundred randomly selected points on each sliced coal sample were imaged via scanning electron microscopy,and a total of 1200 images were used for the analysis.The porosity and fractal dimensions of the coal samples were analyzed via digital image processing and box-counting dimension methods.This method is characterized by extensive graphical analysis,and the results are based on statistical methods.These were also used to analyze the structural and development characteristics of the microscopic pores in the coal.The results reveal that the surface porosity obtained via digital image processing was 16.11%lower than that measured experimentally.The fractal dimension and porosity of the pore surface were fitted to a natural logarithmic curve.The rate of change in the pore fractal dimension depends on the porosity such that,to some degree,a greater porosity is associated with more complex pore structures,a higher degree of micropore development,and improved pore connectivity.

基于DIC及CPG技术的热冷循环后花岗岩Ⅰ型断裂特性

深部储层岩石的热力学特性,尤其是循环热冷作用下损伤破坏特性,对于增强型地热系统井壁稳定性分析及地热开采效率评估具有重要意义。针对中心直裂纹半圆盘(NSCB)花岗岩试样,首先进行不同热冷循环处理(加热温度400℃,最高循环次数13次),然后开展3点弯Ⅰ型断裂韧度特性试验。基于裂纹扩展计(CPG)和数字图像相关(DIC)测试技术,研究了热冷循环作用下花岗岩Ⅰ型断裂韧度、断裂过程区(FPZ)、裂纹扩展速率及断裂轮廓特征的影响规律。试验结果表明:当热冷循环次数达到10次以上,花岗岩试样脆性明显减弱,而峰前软化特性和峰后延性增强;花岗岩的断裂过程区由裂缝尖端开始逐步孕育,断裂过程区长度随荷载增大呈先增大后减小的趋势,Ⅰ型断裂韧度、最大断裂过程区长度及裂纹平均扩展速度随热冷循环次数增大而指数减小,Ⅰ型断裂面随热冷循环次数增大越来越不平整。最后,基于X-ray衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等微观测试技术,研究了热冷循环作用对花岗岩矿物成分及微观结构的影响规律,结果表明花岗岩4种矿物成分的峰值衍射强度及矿物质量分数均随热冷循环次数增大而降低,而微裂纹大小及数量随热冷循环次数增大而增大。热冷循环作用下花岗岩的损伤劣化机理包含了多次高温热损伤、水冷冲击及水弱化等3方面的联合作用结果。

基于深度学习的桥梁表观裂缝检测算法研究

针对在复杂背景条件下难以直接对桥梁表观裂缝进行检测的问题,文章提出一种基于深度学习的桥梁表观裂缝检测算法。首先利用滑动窗口算法将采集到的桥梁表观裂缝图像切分为小尺寸的桥梁裂缝面元图像和桥梁背景面元图像,并根据对面元图像的分析,提出一种基于Inception网络和残差网络(ResNet)的桥梁裂缝分类模型,用于桥梁裂缝面元和桥梁背景面元的识别;然后结合桥梁裂缝分类模型与滑动窗口算法对桥梁表观裂缝图像进行检测;最后利用数字图像处理技术测量裂缝宽度。结果表明:该文算法对桥梁表观裂缝有超过99%的分类精度,可满足实际工程需要;实现了裂缝的提取并能准确地定位出裂缝在图像中的位置;根据成像原理能测量出裂缝宽度。与传统的深度学习模型相比,该模型拥有更高的执行效率,可用于大规模检测,更易于应用在桥梁健康检测中。

数字图像处理在结构优化结果提取中的应用

结构优化结果的提取和应用主要考虑如何有效地将优化结果转化为可用的CAD模型,实现CAE和CAD之间的数据共享和模型转换。基于数字图像原理提取轮廓范围及像素点坐标,根据相邻点坐标计算离散曲率,并根据曲率值对构件的边缘形状进行分类,得到拓扑优化结果。该方法提高了拓扑优化结果的精度和可用性及提取的效率,减少了人为因素的干扰,提取的模型更符合实际,有助于更好地理解和分析拓扑优化结果,对拓扑优化后处理的结果提取轮廓重构及成果应用有一定参考作用。

基于数字图像处理的风电机组叶片裂纹损伤识别方法研究

为实现风电机组叶片损伤检测的高效化、智能化、便捷化,研究一种基于数字图像处理技术的风电机组叶片裂纹损伤识别以及裂纹类型判断和特征参数提取的方法。以无人机采集的风电机组叶片图像为研究对象,通过对比灰度化、滤波、阈值分割等图像处理步骤的多种算法,对形态学处理方法进行改进,首先选用平均值法对叶片图像进行灰度处理,其次使用中值滤波对图像进行去噪处理,再次使用Otsu阈值分割以实现裂纹区域的分割,然后基于改进的形态学方法提取出完善的叶片裂纹损伤区域,最后基于连通域原理完成裂纹区域的框取。基于上述算法设计风电机组叶片裂纹损伤识别系统以实现叶片裂纹图像检测的可视化处理、裂纹类型判断及裂纹特征参数提取等功能。结果表明,该系统对于风电机组叶片裂纹损伤检测具有可靠的识别精度,识别准确率为85%,实现了风电机组叶片裂纹损伤的自动识别与特征参数提取,提高了叶片裂纹损伤的检测效率。

基于ImageJ的数字图像处理课程实验教学案例

针对计算机科学与技术专业中的数字图像处理实验教学问题,提出一种基于Java语言和Image J平台的数字图像处理实验教学方案。数字图像处理课程实验教学的目的是通过给学生布置难易适中的实验,让学生在实验课程中独立完成数字图像处理问题的解决。虽然学生已经学过Java语言,考虑到并不是所有学生都熟悉Image J软件,实验任务的起点通常是首先让学生理解并且测试已有的Image J插件的代码模板。其次教师要求学生在已有数字图像处理代码的基础上根据实验要求逐步对现有的插件进行扩充。由于Image J软件是开源的,并且本身是开放式的插件架构体系,使得这种构造性的实验教学方法成为可能。

基于YOLOv8的裂缝检测与量化

结构裂缝的定期检测对于确保结构安全至关重要,目前传统人工检测方法耗时耗力,而且难以实现对裂缝尺寸的量化,针对上述问题,提出一种基于YOLOv8检测与量化裂缝的方法,可提高检测效率并实现裂缝的量化分析.基于YOLOv8算法对裂缝图像进行分割,对分割后的裂缝图像提取计算像素数量,根据实际测量获得的比例因子计算出裂缝真实几何特征.结果显示,YOLOv8分割准确率均达到85%以上,并且对裂缝特征量化实验所得误差百分比均小于4%,拟合优度最大达到0.9858.所提方法有望为结构裂缝检测提供一个具有前景的解决方案.

基于数字图像处理的混凝土开裂性能实验教学设计

针对混凝土材料实验教学中裂缝表征的重难点问题,提出一种基于数字图像处理(DIP)技术的混凝土开裂性能实验教学方法,并利用该方法分析了混凝土早龄期开裂(塑性)、高韧性混凝土多点开裂(固态)与混凝土裂缝自愈合(回归)等3个方面的教学实例。DIP方法能够使教师改进教学内容,更生动、直观地展示实验结果,能够使学生开拓视野并更深刻理解混凝土的结构与性能演变。DIP能够在涵盖混凝土从塑性到固态、裂缝从产生到回归的全生命周期过程中起串联作用,有利于促进不同学科之间的交叉与创新。

基于原位拉伸的HTPB推进剂多尺度损伤演化分析

作为由填料和基体混合而成的复合材料,端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂的损伤主要涉及颗粒的破碎、基体的断裂以及粘结界面层的脱粘,为进一步探究其在外载作用下结构损伤和力学性能的演变,通过微CT、高速CCD相机,以及全原子分子动力学模拟,实现原位加载下推进剂多尺度损伤分析。结果表明,推进剂典型损伤过程起始于粘结界面层破坏,扩展于脱粘孔隙的增长,演化于孔隙的合并,加速于局部大变形的汇集,终止于基体的断裂;界面结合能和应力集中程度使得大粒径高氯酸铵(AP)颗粒最先脱粘,且孔隙率与应变呈现类指数函数关系;微观界面层牵引⁃分离曲线符合指数型内聚力模型,微观空隙的萌生与扩展破坏了其内聚性,而分子间距则影响了应力的演变。

基于U-Net模型的建筑结构裂缝分割数字化处理方法研究

混凝土结构裂缝是一种常见的病害问题,由于引起结构开裂的因素较多,且建筑结构物开裂形态各异。因此,针对上述问题,文章提出一种基于U-Net模型的建筑结构裂缝识别方法,实现裂缝识别的数字化与智能化。以U-Net网络为基础,建立了离散性相对较强的训练集与验证集。在下采样和上采样过程中,进行最大池化与反卷积操作,进行架构调整,并通过Dice系数对模型进行评价。结果表明,利用该方法能够高效且较为准确地进行建筑结构裂缝数字化识别,提高结构病害检测效率。

混凝土裂纹扩展过程的测量方法研究综述

为充分应用混凝土结构物的承载能力及保障其运营安全,需及时进行裂纹检测,并掌握裂纹扩展情况。针对混凝土裂纹扩展过程的试验测量,主要介绍了光弹性贴片法、云纹干涉法、电子散斑干涉法和数字图像相关方法4种测量方法,并从原理、特点以及在混凝土裂纹扩展过程测量中的应用等方面分析了4种方法的优缺点。结果表明:电子散斑干涉法和数字图像相关方法能更好地应用于混凝土裂纹的测量,本文成果可为混凝土裂纹扩展测量方法的选择提供一定的理论支撑。

Reconstruction of three-dimensional grain structure in polycrystalline iron via an interactive segmentation method

Using a total of 297 segmented sections, we reconstructed the three-dimensional (3D) structure of pure iron and obtained the largest dataset of 16254 3D complete grains reported to date. The mean values of equivalent sphere radius and face number of pure iron were observed to be consistent with those of Monte Carlo simulated grains, phase-field simulated grains, Ti-alloy grains, and Ni-based super alloy grains. In this work, by finding a balance between automatic methods and manual refinement, we developed an interactive segmentation method to segment serial sections accurately in the reconstruction of the 3D microstructure; this approach can save time as well as substantially eliminate errors. The segmentation process comprises four operations: image preprocessing, breakpoint detection based on mathematical morphology analysis, optimized automatic connection of the breakpoints, and manual refinement by artificial evaluation. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

基于计算机视觉技术的裂缝特征参数提取方法研究与裂缝检测系统设计

目前国内外学者针对混凝土结构所提出的裂缝图像处理算法可移植性较差,还未有较为通用的算法。对目前常用的图像预处理算法及特征参数提取算法在混凝土裂缝图像识别方面的适用性进行了研究,从相机的拍摄和校正、图像预处理、裂缝特征参数提取等方面对比了不同的算法处理效果,并自主开发了一套混凝土裂缝检测系统。

基于DIP技术的RAP分散均匀性评价指标研究

文中基于CT技术和数字图像处理(DIP)技术识别与提取再生沥青混合料数字图像中的细观结构信息,针对RAP材料在混合料内部的分布特性提出了以位置分布均匀性指标K和结团程度指标S作为试件中RAP分散均匀性的定量评价指标,基于正交实验,通过改变不同影响因素来分析评价指标的变化规律和有效性.结果表明:工业CT技术和DIP技术对于再生沥青混合料细观结构参数的识别与提取效果良好.不同截面上RAP分散均匀性的人为主观定性评价效果初步验证了所提指标的有效性.通过评价指标得到的不同因素水平下指标的变化趋势与理论分析基本一致.

水泥稳定碎石细观骨架结构特征研究

为了探究不同因素对水泥稳定碎石细观骨架结构的影响,应用CT扫描和数字图像处理技术,从细观角度提出新的水泥稳定碎石骨架结构评价指标,并进行有效性验证,利用该指标对不同成型方式下的混合料骨架结构进行评价。结果表明:该指标评价结果与工程实际和以往研究相符合,旋转压实成型方式在达到一定压实次数后骨架指标趋于稳定,振动成型达到一定的振动时长后获得较好的骨架结构,继续振动反而会导致集料竖向离析。旋转压实能获得较好的横断面骨架指标,振动成型获得的纵断面指标更优。用该指标评价不同成型方式的骨架特征具有一定指导意义。