Electrical structure identification of deep shale gas reservoir in complex structural area using wide field electromagnetic method

To fully exploit the technical advantages of the large-depth and high-precision artificial source electromagnetic method in the complex structure area of southern Sichuan and compensate for the shortcomings of the conventional electromagnetic method in exploration depth,precision,and accuracy,the large-depth and high-precision wide field electromagnetic method is applied to the complex structure test area of the Luochang syncline and Yuhe nose anticline in the southern Sichuan.The advantages of the wide field electromagnetic method in detecting deep,low-resistivity thin layers are demonstrated.First,on the basis of the analysis of physical property data,a geological–geoelectric model is established in the test area,and the wide field electromagnetic method is numerically simulated to analyze and evaluate the response characteristics of deep thin shale gas layers on wide field electromagnetic curves.Second,a wide field electromagnetic test is conducted in the complex structure area of southern Sichuan.After data processing and inversion imaging,apparent resistivity logging data are used for calibration to develop an apparent resistivity interpretation model suitable for the test area.On the basis of the results,the characteristics of the electrical structure change in the shallow longitudinal formation of 6 km are implemented,and the transverse electrical distribution characteristics of the deep shale gas layer are delineated.In the prediction area near the well,the subsequent data verification shows that the apparent resistivity obtained using the inversion of the wide field electromagnetic method is consistent with the trend of apparent resistivity revealed by logging,which proves that this method can effectively identify the weak response characteristics of deep shale gas formations in complex structural areas.This experiment,it is shown shows that the wide field electromagnetic method with a large depth and high precision can effectively characterize the electrical characteristics of deep,low-resistivity thin layers in complex structural areas,and a new set of low-cost evaluation technologies for shale gas target layers based on the wide field electromagnetic method is explored.

Discussion on the Complex Structure of Nilpotent Lie Groups Gk

Consider the real, simply-connected, connected, s-step nilpotent Lie group G endowed with a left-invariant, integrable almost complex structure J, which is nilpotent. Consider the simply-connected, connected nilpotent Lie group Gk, defined by the nilpotent Lie algebra g/ak, where g is the Lie algebra of G, and ak is an ideal of g. Then, J gives rise to an almost complex structure Jk on Gk. The main conclusion obtained is as follows: if the almost complex structure J of a nilpotent Lie group G is nilpotent, then J can give rise to a left-invariant integrable almost complex structure Jk on the nilpotent Lie group Gk, and Jk is also nilpotent.

Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning

Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and productivity.Mixing tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree species.However,the relative importance of species richness,species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear,mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in detail.Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS),however,allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented way.Therefore,we used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a largescale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest structure.These plots were 9–11years old young pure and mixed forests,characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures,across twenty composition levels.We generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural variables.Linear mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural variables.Employing a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework,we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural variables.Our results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables,except for canopy height and foliage height diversity.Species identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all sites.Species interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools,and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these interactions.Overall,our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity and interaction effects in choosing suitable species combinations for forest management practices aimed at enhancing vertical forest structure.

Syntheses,crystal structures,and quantum chemistry calculation of two Ni(Ⅱ)coordination polymers

Two new coordination polymers,[Ni(Hpdc)(bib)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(1)and{[Ni(bib)_(3)](ClO_(4))_(2)}_(n)(2),were prepared by mixing Ni^(2+),3,5⁃pyrazoledicarboxylic acid(H3pdc)/p⁃nitrobenzoic acid and 1,4⁃bis(imidazol⁃1⁃ylmethyl)butane(bib)by a hydrothermal method,respectively.X⁃ray crystallography reveals a 2D network constructed by six⁃coordinated Ni(Ⅱ)centers,bib,and Hpdc2-ligands in complex 1,while a 2D network is built by Ni(Ⅱ)and bib ligands in 2.Furthermore,the quantum⁃chemical calculations have been performed on‘molecular fragments’extracted from the crystal structure of 1 using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method in Gaussian 16 and the VASP program.CCDC:2343794,1;2343798,2.

Synthesis,crystal structure and photo-physical properties of tris(4-methyl-2,5-diphenylpyridine)iridium for OLED

Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)have important applications in the field of next-generation displays and lighting,and phosphorescent iridium complexes are an important class of electroluminescent phosphorescent materials.In this paper,Ir(bmppy)_(3),tris(4-methyl-2,5-diphenylpyridine)iridium,was synthesized and elvaluted for photo-physical characteristics.Single crystals suitale for X-ray diffraction(XRD)were grown from a mixture solvent of dichloromethane and absolute ethanol.The composition and structur of Ir(bmppy)_(3)were determined by element analysis,NMR spectra and XRD.The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic symmetry with the space group P21/c with a slightly distorted octahedral configuration.As measured by UV-Visible and photoluminescence spectra,Ir(bmppy)_(3) displays a maximum emission at at 527 nm at ambient temperature,a typical green-emitting profile.The complex has potential for application in the OLED industry.

Input Structure Design for Structural Controllability of Complex Networks

This paper addresses the problem of the input design of large-scale complex networks.Two types of network components,redundant inaccessible strongly connected component(RISCC)and intermittent inaccessible strongly connected component(IISCC)are defined,and a subnetwork called a driver network is developed.Based on these,an efficient method is proposed to find the minimum number of controlled nodes to achieve structural complete controllability of a network,in the case that each input can act on multiple state nodes.The range of the number of input nodes to achieve minimal control,and the configuration method(the connection between the input nodes and the controlled nodes)are presented.All possible input solutions can be obtained by this method.Moreover,we give an example and some experiments on real-world networks to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.

Auxiliary Software for Defining the Parameters of the Structural Organization of a Complex System

The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the process of solving the considered technological system. Its help can be especially useful in the case of a complex structural organization of a technological system with a large number of different functional elements grouped into several technological subsystems. This paper presents the results of its application for a special complex technological system related to the reference steam block for the combined production of heat and electricity.

Supporting Skin Structure and Its Barrier Functions with Evidence-Based Skin Care Ingredients

The epidermis, and in particular its outermost layer, the stratum corneum, contributes much of the barrier function of the skin and is a readily visible representation of skin health. Maintaining the health of the skin barrier has arguably become more important than ever in the modern world, in which a large majority of people are exposed to environmental insults. These external factors can damage the integrity of the skin barrier and prematurely age the skin. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to maintain and protect the stratum corneum. Here, we briefly review the complex, multilayered structure of the skin and relate it to clinically translatable function, with an emphasis on the stratum corneum. In the context of epidermal structure and function, the formulation and clinical data for Phelityl® Reviving Cream will be reviewed. Phelityl Reviving Cream was shown to be associated with improvements in both immediate- and long-term parameters, including a significant positive effect on the skin barrier and immediate and long-lasting hydration.

Generalized response displacement methods for seismic analysis of underground structures with complex cross section

The response displacement method(RDM)is recommended for the seismic analysis of underground structures in the transverse direction for many codes,including bases for design of structures-seismic actions for designing geotechnical works(ISO 23469)and code for seismic design of urban rail transit structures(GB 50909-2014).However,there are some obvious limitations in the application of RDM.Springs and the shear stress of the soil could be approximately evaluated for the structures having a simple cross section,such as rectangular and circular structures.It is necessary to propose simplified seismic analysis methods for structures with complex cross sections.This paper refers to the idea of RDM and proposes three generalized response displacement methods(GRDM).In GRDM1,a part of the soil surrounding a structure is selected to generate a generalized underground structure with a rectangular cross section,and the same analysis model as RDM is applied to analyze the responses of the structure.In GRDM2,a hollow soil model without a generalized structure is used to compute the equivalent load caused by the relative displacement of the soil,and the soil-structure interaction model is applied to calculate the responses of the structure.In GRDM3,a continuous soil model is applied to compute the equivalent load caused by the relative displacement and shear stress of the soil,and the soil-structure interaction model is applied to analyze the responses of the structure,which is the same as the model used in GRDM2.The time-history analysis method(THAM)is used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed simplified methods.Results show that the error of GRDM1 is about 20%,while the error is only 5%for GRDM2 and GRDM3.Among the three proposed methods,GRDM3 has obvious advantages regarding calculation efficiency and accuracy.Therefore,it is recommended to use GRDM3 for the seismic response analysis of underground structures that have conventional simple or complex cross sections.

Probing electronic structures of transition metal complexes using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)or electron spin resonance(ESR)has been widely employed to characterize transition metal complexes.However,because of the high degree of complexity of transition metal EPR spectra,how to extract the underlying electronicstructure information inevitably poses a major challenge to beginners,in particular for systems with S>1/2.In fact,the physical principles of transition metal EPR have long been well-established and since 1970s a series of dedicated voluminous monographs have been published already.Not surprisingly,they are not appropriate stating points for novices to grasp a panorama of the profound theory prior to scrutinizing in-depth references.The present review aims to fill this gap to provide a perspective of transition metal EPR and unveil some peculiar subtleties thereof on the basis of our recent work.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of t he Complex of Antimony Trichloride and Dioxane

New solid complex of the antimony trichloride and dioxane was obtained th rough a reaction of the dioxane and the absolute methanol solution of the antimony trichloride.The formula of the complex is[SbCl_(3)·{(CH_(2))_(4)O_(2)}_(1.5)].The crystal structure of the comple x belongs to cubic system,space group I-43d,a=17.1417(5)?,Z=16.The trivalent antimony ion not only bonds directly to three chlorine anions,but also is co ordinated by three oxygen atoms of th e dioxane molecules.Two oxygen atoms in a dioxane molecule wi ll coordinate to different antimony ions,respectively.

Theoretical Studies on Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Highly Efficient Phosphorescent [Ru（terpy）（phen）X]＋ Complexes

The ground and the lowest-lying triplet excited state geometries, electronic structures, and spectroscopic properties of three mixed-ligand Ru（II） complexes [Ru（terpy）（phen）X]＋ （terpy=2,2＇,6＇,2″-terpyridine, phen=l,10-phenanthroline, and X=-C-=CH （1）, X=Cl （2）, X-CN （3）） were investigated theoretically using the density functional theory method. The ground and excited state geometries have been fully optimized at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ and UB3LYP/LanL2DZ levels, respectively. The absorption and emission spectra of the com- plexes in CHaCN solutions were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory with the PCM solvent model. The calculated bond lengths of Ru-C, Ru-N, and Ru-Cl in the ground state agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The highest occupied molecular orbital were dominantly localized on the Ru atom and monodentate X ligand for 1 and 2, Ru atom and terpy ligand for a, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were π＊（terpy） type orbital. Therefore, the lowest-energy absorptions of 1 and 2 at 688 and 631 nln are attributed to a dyz （Ru）＋Tr/p（X）--π＊ （terpy） transition with MLCT/XLCT （metal-to-ligand charge transfer/X ligand to terpy ligand charge transfer） character, whereas that of 3 at 529 nm is related to a dyz （Ru）＋π（terpy）-π＊ （terpy） transition with MLCT and ILCT transition character. The calculated phosphorescence of three complexes at 1011 nm （1）, 913 nm （2）, and 838 nm （3） have similar transition properties to that of the lowest-lying absorption. It is shown that the lowest lying absorptions and emissions transition character of these Ru（II） complexes can be tuned by changing the electron-withdrawing ability of the monodentate ligand.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Zinc Complex:[Zn_(2.5)(phen)(BDC)_2(OH)] (phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline, BDC = Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic Acid)

A metal-organic coordination polymer [ZnE.s（phen）（BDC）2（OH）]2 （phen = 1,10- phenanthroline, BDC = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid） 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PI with a = 11.199（2）, b = 11.593（2）, c = 11.865（3）/A, α= 99.330（1）, β = 111.506（1）, γ = 104.804（1）^o, V= 1328.4（5）A^3, Dc= 1.722 g/cm^3, Z = 1, Mr = 1377.82, F（000） = 692,μ（MoKa） = 2.306 mm^-1, S = 1.093, R= 0.0281 and wR = 0.0756 for 4179 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（/））. The coordination polyhedron around Zn（II） can be described as a tetrahedron, trigonal bipyramid and octahedron. It is worth noting that the crystal structure of 1 is composed of tetranuclear zinc clusters linked by {ZnO6} units.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Spectral Properties of a Novel Co(II) Complex Containing Imidazole Derivative

A novel imidazole derivative with functional group and π-conjugated system, 1- [trans-4-（4-diethylaminostyryl）phenyl]imidazole （abbreviated as L）, and its Con complex （COCl2L4）2 （Co2C168H184N24Cl4, Mr = 2799.05 ） have been synthesized and the crystal structure of the latter was determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of triclinic, space group PI with a = 8.823（3）, b = 18.799（7）, c =23.065（9） A, α = 77.349（6）, β = 83.128（7）, ）, γ= 80.942（3）°, V = 3671.5（12） A^3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.266 g/cm^3,/z = 0.361 mm^-1 F（000） = 1482, the final R = 0.0587 and wR = 0.1284 for 6562 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. In the molecular structure of （COCl2L4）2, there are two crystallographically unique units. The Co^Ⅱ atoms are six-coordinated by four N atoms from four imidazole ligands （L） and two Cl atoms to form a distorted octahedral geometry. The optical properties of complex （COCl2L4）2 have been experimentally studied.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Zinc(II) Complex with Isonicotinate Containing a Three-dimensional Hydrogen-bond Network

A zinc complex, [Zn(iso)_2(H_2O)_4](iso=C_6H_4NO_2^-), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis and IR spectrum studies. The crystal structure of the complex was determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal crystallizes in the triclinic system, molecular formula ZnC12H16N2O8, Mr=381.64, space group P with a = 6.338(1), b =6.919(1), c=9.277(1), α=96.28(1), β=104.91(1), γ=112.85(1)°, V=352.12(9)?3, Z=1, Dc=1.80g?cm-3 and F(000)=196, μ =1.791mm-1. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods for final R=0.0204 and Rw=0.0542 for 1258 observed reflections with [Fo>4σ(Fo)]. The crystal structure reveals that zinc ion is trans-octahedral with two pyridyl nitrogens and two aque oxygens at the equational positions and two aqua oxygens at the axial positions. The complex forms a three-dimensional network through intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Ni(II) Complex

A new nickel（Ⅱ） complex, C34H38N8NiO4, has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.715（5）, b = 12.328（5）, c =11.113（5）A, β= 92.589（5）°, Z = 2, Dc = 1.411 g/cm^3,μ = 0.658 mml, the final R = 0.0427 and wR = 0.1099 for 2229 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The complex is a centrosymmetric plane in which nickel（Ⅱ） is coordinated in a regular octahedron to the ligand phenytoin through the nitrogen atoms of ethylenediamine, imine and amine. The complex was valued for its antimicrobial activity against bacterial strands using the agar diffusion method, and found to be active against the four test bacterial organisms. Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activities showed that the title complex is quite active against standard strains of Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus and Eschierichia coli.

Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Antibacterial Activities of Complexes [(C_9H_(18)NS_2)_3M(Ⅲ)](M = Sb and Bi)

Two novel complexes,[（C9H18NS2）3Sb（III）]（1） and [（C9H18NS2）3Bi（III）]（2）,were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,IR,TG and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.Both 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic system,P21/c space group.The data for 1：a = 1.6964（3）,b = 1.02149（17）,c = 2.5650（3） nm,β = 121.824（8）°,Z = 4,V = 3.7766（10） nm^3,Dc = 1.293 g·cm^-3,F（000） = 1536,μ = 1.082 mm^-1,the final R = 0.0500,wR = 0.1562 and S =1.072.The data for 2：a = 1.6802（9）,b = 1.0256（6）,c = 2.5083（10） nm,β = 121.77（3）°,Z = 4,V = 3.675（3） nm^3,Dc = 1.486 g·cm^-3,F（000） = 1664,μ = 5.159 mm^-1,the final R = 0.0481,wR = 0.1055 and S =1.076.The coordinated geometry of the central M（III） with six sulfur atoms from three ligands is a distorted pentagonal pyramid configuration.The dimer structural system is formed by the weak interactions of M…S and C-H…S between two molecules.The complexes were valued for their antibacterial activities by agar-streak method.It was found that 1 is active against the four test bacterial organisms.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Zero-dimensional Complex: [Zn(H_2BPTC)(phen)_2]_n·3nH_2O

A new metal-organic coordination complex [Zn（H2BPTC）（phen）2]n.3nH2O （BPTC = 3,3＇,4,4＇-benzophenone tetracarboxylate, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline） 1 has been obtained from hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elementaj analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In compound 1, the zinc cation is hexa-coordinated with two carboxylate oxygen atoms from one H2BPTC ligand and four nitrogen atoms from two different phen ligands, showing a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Crystal data： C41H30N4O12Zn, Mr = 836.06, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 14.2714（9）, b = 16.9386（10）, c = 15.0151（9）A, β = 101.3420（10）^o, V= 3558.8（4）A3 Dc = 1.560 g/cm^3,μ（MoKa） = 0.766 mm^-1, F（000） = 1720, Z= 4, R = 0.0439 and wR = 0.1157 for 4123 observed reflections with I 〉 2 o（I）.

Investigation on the syntheses and structures of Y^(Ⅲ) complexes with ami-nopolycarboxylic acids (Ⅳ)

This paper deals with the structure of the Y^iii complex withaminopolycarboxylic acids, synthesis and struc- tural determinationof the complex (NH_4)[Y^III(edta)(H_2O)_3] ·3 H_2O (edta =ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). The crystal and molecularstructures of the (NH_4)[Y^III(edta)(H_2O)_3] ·3 H_2O complex havebeen determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Thecrystal of the complex (NH_4)[Y^III(edta)(H_2O)_3] ·3 H_2O belongsto orthorhombic crystal system and fdd2 space group.

Synthesis, Characterization and Structure of the Dimmer Complex [Ni(TSSB)(phen)H_2O]·C_2H_5OH·0.5H_2O

The title complex [Ni(TSSB)(phen)H2O]?C2H5OH?0.5H2O (C23H26N3NiO6.5S, TSSB = taurine salicylaldehyde Schiff base, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized by the reaction of taurine salicylaldehyde Schiff base (TSSB), 1,10-phenanthroline and nickel acetate in water-ethanol. Its single-crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to triclinic, space group P1 with a = 1.0562(2), b = 1.1604(2), c = 2.1170(3) nm, α = 103.257(3), β = 96.958(4), γ = 105.179(3)°, Mr = 539.24, V = 2.3917(6) nm3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.498 g/cm3, μ = 0.945 mm-1 and F(000) = 1124. The compound is a one-dimensional network, infinitely extending with hydrogen bonds. The Ni(Ⅱ) is 6-coordinated by one nitrogen and two oxygen atoms from taurine salicylaldehyde Schiff base, two nitrogen from 1,10-phenanthroline and one oxygen from water to form a distorted octahedronal coordination geometry.