Resistive switching behavior and mechanism of HfO_(x) films with large on/off ratio by structure design

Different bilayer structures of HfO_(x)/Ti(TiO_(x)) are designed for hafnium-based memory to investigate the switching characteristics. The chemical states in the films and near the interface are characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and the oxygen vacancies are analyzed. Highly improved on/off ratio(~104) and much uniform switching parameters are observed for bilayer structures compared to single layer HfO_(x) sample, which can be attributed to the modulation of oxygen vacancies at the interface and better control of the growth of filaments. Furthermore, the reliability of the prepared samples is investigated. The carrier conduction behaviors of HfO_(x)-based samples can be attributed to the trapping and de-trapping process of oxygen vacancies and a filamentary model is proposed. In addition, the rupture of filaments during the reset process for the bilayer structures occur at the weak points near the interface by the recovery of oxygen vacancies accompanied by the variation of barrier height. The re-formation of fixed filaments due to the residual filaments as lightning rods results in the better switching performance of the bilayer structure.

Structure and superconducting properties of Ru_(1-x)Mo_(x)(x=0.1-0.9)alloys

We report the detailed crystal structures and physical properties of Ru_(1-x)Mo_(x)alloys in the solid solution range of x=0.1-0.9.Structure characterizations indicate that the crystal structure changes from the hcp-Mg-type,toβ-CrFe-type,and then bcc-W-type.The measurements of physical properties show that the Ru_(1-x)Mo_(x)samples with x≥0.2are superconductors and the superconducting transition temperature T_c as a function of Mo content exhibits a dome-like behavior.

Surface plasmon assisted high-performance photodetectors based on hybrid TiO_(2)@GaO_(x)N_(y)-Ag heterostructure

In this work,we reported a high-performance-based ultraviolet-visible(UV-VIS)photodetector based on a TiO_(2)@GaO_(x)N_(y)-Ag heterostructure.Ag particles were introduced into TiO_(2)@GaO_(x)N_(y)to enhance the visible light detection perfor-mance of the heterojunction device.At 380 nm,the responsivity and detectivity of TiO_(2)@GaO_(x)N_(y)-Ag were 0.94 A/W and 4.79×109 Jones,respectively,and they increased to 2.86 A/W and 7.96×1010 Jones at 580 nm.The rise and fall times of the response were 0.19/0.23 and 0.50/0.57 s,respectively.Uniquely,at 580 nm,the responsivity of fabricated devices is one to four orders of magnitude higher than that of the photodetectors based on TiO_(2),Ga_(2)O_(3),and other heterojunctions.The excellent optoelectronic characteristics of the TiO_(2)@GaO_(x)N_(y)-Ag heterojunction device could be mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the type-Ⅱband structure of the metal-semiconductor-metal heterojunction and the plasmon resonance effect of Ag,which not only effectively promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers but also reduces the recombination rate.It is fur-ther illuminated by finite difference time domain method(FDTD)simulation and photoelectric measurements.The TiO_(2)@GaO_(x)N_(y)-Ag arrays with high-efficiency detection are suitable candidates for applications in energy-saving communica-tion,imaging,and sensing networks.

时间分辨热化学原位XAFS方法

为了利用X射线吸收精细结构(X-ray absorption fine structure,XAFS)谱学技术开展热化学反应动力学研究,在上海光源X射线吸收精细结构谱学线站(BL14W1)开展了时间分辨热化学原位XAFS方法的研究。采用自主研制的数据采集设备解决了时间分辨XAFS技术中不同类型信号同步触发和同步采集的问题,实现了数据间的精准匹配。在单色器转速为720"/s、数据采集设备采样率为2MS/s、数据长度为1200eV的条件下,获得了一个9.6s的Cu标样的数据谱,通过与常规XAFS数据和标准XAFS数据进行对比,结果表明本文得到的时间分辨XAFS实验系统具有良好的准确性、分辨率和信噪比。在此基础上,进一步结合线站自主研制的原位装置开展了时间分辨热化学原位XAFS方法,并利用高温常压原位装置开展了CuO还原为金属Cu的验证性实验。在230℃恒温氢气气氛下30min内观测到Cu吸收边能量逐渐向低能量处偏移,同时它位于8998eV的主峰强度逐渐减弱并且劈裂为双峰结构,出现明显的金属Cu的特征。实验结果表明此方法达到了捕获物质动态演化过程的预期目的,在拓展XAFS谱学实验平台的同时,为热化学反应的动力学过程研究提供了一种强大的实验手段。

La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂对NO选择性生成NH_(3)的影响

为了实现碳中和目标,降低内燃机碳排放,稀薄燃烧技术成为了当前重要的研究方向.该技术不仅能提高发动机燃油热效率,还能有效降低CO_(2)排放.但是稀薄燃烧往往会伴随着大量氮氧化物的产生,为了解决该问题,采用LNT-SCR耦合的NO_(x)净化技术,此时LNT的作用是将排气中部分NO_(x)转化为NH_(3),为下游的SCR提供还原剂.基于此,制备了LNT催化剂,研究催化剂对NO选择性生成NH_(3)的影响.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)系列钙钛矿氧化物,并通过分步浸渍法得到了La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)负载型催化剂.利用XRD、H_(2)-TPR、NO-TPD等表征手段研究了钙钛矿氧化物的晶相结构,以及负载型催化剂的还原特性、NO_(x)吸附-脱附性能等物化性质,并且通过H_(2)选择性催化还原NO实验探究了催化剂掺杂Ce对NO转化成NH_(3)的影响.结果表明,Ce掺杂催化剂具有良好的NH_(3)产物选择性,并且显著提高了NO转化率.温度是NO转化和NH_(3)产物选择性生成的决定性因素,而H_(2)和NO体积比是NO转化和NH_(3)产物选择性生成的关键性因素.其中,La_(0.95)Ce_(0.05)MnO_(3)-Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)在低温下催化活性表现最佳,在350℃、H_(2)和NO体积比为5.0时NH_(3)产物选择性为65%,NO转化率为100%.此外,所制备的La_(1-x)Ce_(x)MnO_(3)都形成了钙钛矿型结构,而且Ce掺杂催化剂的大部分Ce离子可以进入到LaMnO_(3)结构中.在催化剂适量掺杂Ce后,H_(2)消耗总面积增大、还原峰的峰值温度降低,表明掺杂Ce改善了催化剂的还原特性;同时NO吸附和脱附面积增大,表明Ce掺杂改变了催化剂的NO_(x)吸附-脱附性能.

基于x-LMS算法的直升机主动消振电力作动器系统研究

直升机前飞时,气动环境会导致不同方位角的桨叶出现气动载荷的瞬间不对称,通过基础结构传递会在机身形成大幅度的低频振动。为了消除多方向幅值变化的振动力,利用结构响应主动控制原理,设计了基于x-LMS算法的主动消振电力作动器系统,并进行了减振实验。首先,通过比较确定了单台作动器中两台电机同向旋转的方案。通过两台作动器的组合使用,推导出输出力的数学模型。其次,采用负载相位差交叉耦合的控制策略设计系统控制框图。针对存在耦合的相位外环,通过回差阵特征值法确定满足系统稳定裕度要求的参数范围,再根据灵敏度函数和输入跟踪性能在所得的参数稳定域内寻找最优解。然后,提出了基于x-LMS算法的直升机主动振动控制系统,并通过仿真验证了该系统的减振效果。最后,研制的实验样机进行了动稳态实验以及减振实验,验证了系统的实际减振效果。

X射线超快成像原位表征激光增材制造过程研究进展

在增材制造过程中,熔池经历快速熔化、冷却、凝固的过程,其物理、化学、结构和应力等处于极端非平衡状态,容易导致孔隙、裂纹等缺陷产生,影响制件力学性能。同步辐射X射线具有高空间分辨率和时间分辨率,可以实现增材制造过程中熔池动力学和缺陷演化的原位表征。本文综述了近年来激光增材制造原位实验平台的搭建,并从熔池结构演化、缺陷形成机理和成形工艺优化三个方面介绍了同步辐射X射线原位表征激光增材制造过程的研究进展。最后基于目前增材制造原位观察的局限性,从表征系统改进、原料多样化和计算修正等方面对未来研究进行了展望。

Critical behaviour in nuclear structure from spherical to axially symmetric deformed shape in IBM

To compare with the predictions of the transitional dynamical symmetry X（5） proposed by Iachello （2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 052502）, the critical behaviours of U（5） SU（3） are studied in the space of two control parameters in the interacting boson model （IBM）. A simple-shaped phased diagram has been presented. It is found that X（5） predictions cannot be exactly reproduced by our calculations and that the best agreement is close to the calculations with boson numbers N = 11 and 12. By comparing with experimental data on X（5）-like nuclei, we find that X（5） predictions and IBM calculations can reproduce the energy ratios and E2 transition ones.

Quantum and classical correlations for a two-qubit X structure density matrix

We derive explicit expressions for quantum discord and classical correlation for an X structure density matrix. Based on the characteristics of the expressions, the quantum discord and the classical correlation are easily obtained and compared under different initial conditions using a novel analytical method. We explain the relationships among quantum discord, classical correlation, and entanglement, and further find that the quantum discord is not always larger than the entanglement measured by concurrence in a general two-qubit X state. The new method, which is different from previous approaches, has certain guiding significance for analysing quantum discord and classical correlation of a two-qubit X state, such as a mixed state.

Effects of Yttrium on the Microstructures and Interfaces in a Low Expansion Superalloy

The forms and structures of the phases in Fe-Ni-Co-Nb-Ti-Si low expansion superal-loys have been studied using analytical electron microscopy, high resolution electron microscopy, chemical phase analysis, X-ray diffraction, etc. The effects of yttrium on the microstructures and properties in the superalloys have also been investigated. The results reveal that trace yttrium mainly located in the platelet precipitates makes the crystal structure changed. The platelet precipitates become smaller, denser and rather homogeneous with appropriate yttrium addition. Compared with the conventional low expansion superalloy, the misfit of the platelet phase with the matrix in the yttrium-containing low expansion superalloy decreases from 0.7% to 0.07%, which indicates very low stress at the interface.

直接型卤素钙钛矿X射线探测器结构设计研究进展

X射线探测技术在医疗诊断、安防检测和科学研究等领域有着广泛的应用,直接型X射线探测器拥有更高的理论探测效率、空间和能量分辨率,受到了国内外的广泛关注。钙钛矿材料因其X射线衰减系数大、体电阻率高、光学带隙合适以及易大面积制造等优势,成为直接型X射线探测器的理想材料。随着对探测性能的需求的不断提高,合理的器件结构设计显得尤为重要。本文从电极工程和能带工程两个方面出发,综述了有关直接型钙钛矿X射线探测器器件结构设计的最新进展。最后,我们对这些研究进展进行了总结,并对未来的发展进行了展望。我们希望这篇综述能为研究者们提供参考和启发。

基于X射线荧光光谱的温稠密物质离化分布实验方法研究

受温度及密度等环境效应影响,温稠密物质的电子结构发生显著变化,其理论描述非常复杂,精密实验测量亦极其困难.本文发展了基于X射线荧光光谱研究温稠密物质离化分布的实验方法,结合理论研究有助于深入理解温稠密物质的电子结构变化.在万焦耳激光装置上,设计特殊构型黑腔复合加载产生数十eV、近固体密度的稠密Ti物质,利用激光辐照V产生的热发射线泵浦Ti的荧光,并采用晶体谱仪诊断样品的X射线荧光光谱.实验中获得冷样品和加载样品的荧光光谱,观测到加载样品K_(α)及K_(β)荧光谱线相对于冷样品光谱在高能侧的显著变化,结合理论计算解释了加载样品荧光谱线的变化主要来源于其温度上升后离化分布的改变,建立了基于X射线荧光光谱的温稠密物质离化分布实验研究能力.

Construction of Ultrathin Layered MXene-TiN Heterostructure Enabling Favorable Catalytic Ability for High-Areal-Capacity Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Catalysis has been regarded as an effective strategy to mitigate sluggish reaction kinetics and serious shuttle effect of Li-S batteries.Herein,a spherical structure consists of ultrathin layered Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-TiN heterostructures(MX-TiN)through in-situ nitridation method is reported.Through controllable nitridation,highly conductive TiN layer grew on the surface and close coupled with interior MXene to form unique 2D heterostructures.The ultrathin heterostructure with only several nanometers in thickness enables outstanding ability to shorten electrons diffusion distance during electrochemical reactions and enlarge active surface with abundant adsorptive and catalytic sites.Moreover,the(001)surface of TiN is dominated by metallic Ti-3d states,which ensures fast transmitting electrons from high conductive MX-TiN matrix and thus guarantees efficient catalytic performance.Calculations and experiments demonstrate that polysulfides are strongly immobilized on MX-TiN,meanwhile the bidirectional reaction kinetics are catalytically enhanced by reducing the conversion barrier between liquid LiPSs and solid Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S.As a result,the S/MX-TiN cathode achieves excellent long-term cyclability with extremely low-capacity fading rate of 0.022%over 1000 cycles and remarkable areal capacity of 8.27 mAh cm^(−2) at high sulfur loading and lean electrolytes.

The Inheritance and Deviation of the Subjective Construction“You Bei X Dao(有被X到)”

Sentence“bei”(“被”字句)and“bei xx”(被xx)provide syntactic and semantic basis for the generation of the construction“You Bei X Dao(有被x到)”.They are in a continuum and have family similarity.The sentence“bei”is a typical member,while“bei xx”is an atypical member.Because the construction“You Bei X Dao”has a single function and less attention,it is at the edge of the continuum and is a marginal member.However,it has certain research value in the inheritance and innovation of“bei”and“bei xx”.

Extraction and Absolute Crystal Structure of Stachyose

The title compound stachyose （C24H42021）, a biologicaly active tetrasaccharide, was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P21212 with C24H42021, a = 23.8760（3）, b = 12.71028（I2）, c = 10.81279（11） A, V = 3281.36（6） A3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.511 g/cm3, Mr = 746.58, F（000） = 1576, and μ = 1.230 mm^-1. The final R = 0.0666 and wR = 0.1797 for 6298 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The molecular crystal structure of stachyose shows absolute stereochemistry of fl-D-fructofuranosyl a-D-galactopyranosyl- （1→6）-a-D-galactopyranosyl-（1→6）-a-D-glucopyranoside. The molecule is composed of two a-D-galactoses, one a-D-glucose, and one r-D-fructose and sequentially linked as a-Gal （1 →6） a-Gal （1→6） a-Glc （1→2） fl-Fru. The title compound is stacked into a 3D layer structure through hydrogen bonds. NMR spectra data are also assigned. In the crystal packing, X-ray analysis indicates that there are two intramolecular and eleven intermolecular hydrogen bonds in this compound.

Ti_(x)NbMoTaW系高熵合金性能的第一性原理计算

NbMoTaW合金是目前研究极广泛的难熔高熵合金之一,具有高熵合金高强度、高硬度、耐磨损的优异性能,但其韧性塑性较差,极大影响了其在工程中的应用。本研究在NbMoTaW合金中添加不同比例的Ti元素以提高该合金的塑韧性,通过相形成参数计算确定了Ti_(x)NbMoTaW系合金的相结构为固溶体相,运用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法计算合金晶格常数、基态能量、形成能及焓变值,分析了合金结构稳定性。通过计算合金不同Ti含量时弹性常数、弹性模量、B/G、泊松比ν、柯西压C_(12)-C_(44)等参数研究了合金弹性性质的变化规律。最后对电子态密度分析得知,合金体系成键共价性降低,金属键增强,弹性性质和态密度的结果表明添加Ti有助于该合金韧性的提高。此研究可为设计、改善难熔高熵合金性能提供一定设计思路和理论指导。

1+X证书制度认同度影响因素研究——基于混合研究方法的实证分析

作为1+X证书制度实施的主体,高职生对1+X证书制度的认同度对推广该制度具有重要意义。采用半结构化访谈对高职学生进行分析发现,教师支持、自我效能感、就业压力、学习投入是1+X证书制度的重要构成因素,基于此构建高职学生1+X证书制度认同度影响因素研究假设模型。采用问卷调查采集定量数据,运用结构方程模型对模型进行验证分析发现:教师支持、自我效能感和就业压力可正向影响1+X证书制度的认同度,教师支持的影响最为显著;1+X证书制度认同度正向影响学习投入。基于此,管理部门、学校、教师和学生四个方面都应采取相关策略,提高高职学生对1+X证书制度的认同度。

Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure of a New Molecular Clip

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a new molecular clip 2 was reported. It （C24H24N4O2, Mr = 400.47） crystallizes in the space group C2/c with a = 15.587（2）, b = 8.5805（12）, c = 15.259（2） A, β = 102.448（3）°, V= 1992.9 （5）A63, Z = 4, Dc = 1.335 g/cm63,μ = 0.087 mm^-1 and F（000） = 848. It remains monomeric in the crystal and a tape-like structure is formed in the crystal structure of molecular clip. The most unusual structural feature of 2 is the boat conformation of its cyclohexyl ring imposed by the ring fusion at C（9）-C（9a）.

Impact of Surface Passivation on the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of the Si1-xGex Nanowires

The electronic structures and optical properties of the [llO]-oriented Sil-xGex nanowires （NWs） passivated with different functional groups （-H, -F and-OH） are investigated by using first-principles calculations. The results show that surface passivation influences the characteristics of electronic band structures significantly： the band gap widths and types （direct or indirect） of the Si1-xGe, NWs with different terminators show complex and robust variations, and the effective masses of the electrons in the NWs can be modulated dramatically by the terminators. The study of optical absorption shows that the main peaks of the parallel polarization component of Si1-x Gex NWs passivated with the functional groups exhibit prominent changes both in height and position, and are red-shifted with respect to those of corresponding pure Si NWs, indicating the importance of both the terminators and Ge concentrations. Our results demonstrate that the electronic and optical properties of Si1-xGex NWs can be tuned by utilizing selected functional groups as well as particular Ge concentrations for customizing purposes.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of 1,5-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)pentane-1,5-dione

The title compound 1,5-bis（4-methoxyphenyl）-3-（4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl）-pentane-1,5-dione （C22H22N2O4S, Mr=410.49） has been synthesized by the reaction of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbaldehyde with 4-methoxyacetophenone, and its structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, H RMS, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a=11.159（3）, b=9.002（3）, c=20.192（6）, β=93.393（5）°, Z=4, V=2024.6（10） 3 , Dc=1.347 g/cm3 , μ=0.191 mm-1 , F（000）=864, R=0.0333 and wR （I〉2σ （I））=0.0840. In this molecule, the 1,2,3-thiadiazol ring is nearly vertical with both phenyl rings, and intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds of C-H…O and C-H…N types together with π-π stacking interactions and interactions between S（1）…N（2） are observed. The above three kinds of interactions extend the molecules into a two-dimensional layer framework. The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound had fungicidal activity.