Influence of Vertical Irregularity on the Seismic Behavior of Base Isolated RC Structures with Lead Rubber Bearings under Pulse-Like Earthquakes

Nowadays,an extensive number of studies related to the performance of base isolation systems implemented in regular reinforced concrete structures subjected to various types of earthquakes can be found in the literature.On the other hand,investigations regarding the irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures’performance when subjected to pulse-like earthquakes are very scarce.The severity of pulse-like earthquakes emerges from their ability to destabilize the base-isolated structure by remarkably increasing the displacement demands.Thus,this study is intended to investigate the effects of pulse-like earthquake characteristics on the behavior of low-rise irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures.Within the study scope,investigations related to the impact of the pulse-like earthquake characteristics,irregularity type,and isolator properties will be conducted.To do so,different values of damping ratios of the base isolation system were selected to investigate the efficiency of the lead rubber-bearing isolator.In general,the outcomes of the study have shown the significance of vertical irregularity on the performance of base-isolated structures and the considerable effect of pulse-like ground motions on the buildings’behavior.

INFLUENCE OF DAMPING MODELS ON DYNAMIC ANALYSES OF A BASE-ISOLATED COMPOSITE STRUCTURE UNDER EARTHQUAKES AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATIONS

Structural design simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations has received a lot of attention in recent years.Base-isolated composite structures are typically used in the above-mentioned structural design.The corresponding analysis involves validating structural safety under earthquakes and human comfort under environmental vibrations through a time-history analysis.Thus,a reasonable damping model is essential.In this work,the representatives of viscous damping model and rate-independent damping model,namely the Rayleigh damping model and uniform damping model,were adopted to investigate the influence of damping models on the time-history analysis of such structural designs.The energy dissipation characteristics of the above-mentioned damping models were illustrated via a dynamic test of recycled aggregate concrete specimens.A case study was performed on a base-isolated steelconcrete composite structure.The dynamic responses under the excitation of earthquakes and environmental vibrations were compared using different damping models.The uniform damping model was found to be more flexible than the Rayleigh damping model in dealing with excitations with different frequency components.The uniform damping model is both theoretically advantageous and easy to use,demonstrating its potential in dynamic analysis of structures designed simultaneously governed by earthquakes and environmental vibrations.

Numerical Analysis of Seismic Elastomeric Isolation Bearing in the Base-Isolated Buildings

Base isolation concept is currently accepted as a new strategy for earthquake resistance structures. According to different types of base isolation devices, laminated rubber bearing which is made by thin layers of steel shims bonded by rubber is one of the most popular devices to reduce the effects of earthquake in the buildings. Laminated rubber bearings should be protected against failure or instability because failure of isolation devices may cause serious damage on the structures. Hence, the prediction of the behaviour of the laminated rubber bearing with different properties is essential in the design of a seismic bearing. In this paper, a finite element modeling of the laminated rubber bearing is presented. The procedures of modeling the rubber bearing with finite element are described. By the comparison of the numerical and the experimental, the validities of modelling and results have been determined. The results of this study perform that there is a good agreement between finite element analysis and experimental results.

Development of a modified Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model for rubber to investigate the effects of aging and marine corrosion on seismic isolated bearings

In this study, aging and marine corrosion tests of a large number of rubber material and rubber bearings have been carried out. The constitutive Mooney-Rivlin model parameters for a rubber isolated bearing have been determined. By applying the least-square method to the experimental data, the relationships between the aging time and the marine corrosion time with the constants in the constitutive model for a rubber beating have been derived. Next, the Mooney-Rivlin model has been modified accordingly. Further, using the modified Mooney-Rivlin model and the Abaqus software, the performance of the rubber isolated bearings has been simulated. The simulation results have been compared to the experimental results so as to verify the accuracy of the modified model. The comparison shows that the maximum errors for the vertical and horizontal stiffnesses are 16.8% and 0.49%, respectively. Since these errors are considered acceptable, the accuracy of the modified constitutive model can be considered verified. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the performance study on rubber isolated bearings under the complex ocean environment and the life-cycle performance evaluation of bridges and other offshore structures.

Modeling and parameter identification of amplitude- and frequency-dependent rubber isolator

A model to describe the hysteresis damping characteristic of rubber material was presented.It consists of a parallel spring and damper,whose coefficients change with the vibration amplitude and frequency.In order to acquire these relations,force decomposition was carried out according to some sine vibration measurement data of nonlinear forces changing with the deformation of the rubber material.The nonlinear force is decomposed into a spring force and a damper force,which are represented by the amplitude-and frequency-dependent spring and damper coefficients,respectively.Repeating this step for different measurements gives different coefficients corresponding to different amplitudes and frequencies.Then,the application of a parameter identification method provides the requested approximation functions over amplitude and frequency.Using those formulae,as an example,the dynamic characteristic of a hollow shaft system supported by rubber rings was analyzed and the acceleration response curve in the centroid position was calculated.Comparisons with the sine vibration experiments of the real system show a maximal inaccuracy of 8.5%.Application of this model and procedure can simplify the modeling and analysis of mechanical systems including rubber materials.

Design and Verification of High Attenuation Vibration Isolation Damper in Remote Sensing Satellite Transport

To solve the safe horizontal transportation by rail&road of remote sensing satellite problem in the process of unpredictable dynamic load,a high attenuation vibration isolation damper(hereinafter referred to as vibration isolation damper)was developed.By simulation analysis and transportation test using satellite structural model and engineering prototype,validity and reliability of the vibration isolation damper was verified,which can meet the requirements of vibration and shock from various transportation conditions.

钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋的局部隔震体系优化设计

在现有隔震体系的基础上进行优化,提出新型局部隔震体系,并通过有限元建模方式探讨了该体系的减震效果、安全性及其与结构整体抗震性能的联系。从结果看,所设计局部隔震体系可较好减小隔震房间地震效应,有效确保震中及震后局部隔震房间使用功能的完好性。

Monitoring and Identification of the Seismically Isolated “Our Lady of Tears” Shrine in Syracuse

This paper describes the installation and management of the monitoring system of the “Our Lady of Tears Shrine” in Syracuse, whose dome is an imposing r.c. and prestressed r.c. structure of about 22,000 ton that was seismically isolated by flat sliding devices with hysteretic dampers. The monitoring system, representing an upgrading and improvement of an old system never made working, has some innovative features, because it allows to manage with the same dedicated hardware and software both the slow (thermal variations, relative humidity, wind direction and velocity) and the fast acquisitions (dynamic vibrations by wind and earthquake). The monitoring system was inserted among those structures maintained and controlled by the Seismic Observatory of Structures of the National Department of Civil Protection. Some records of low magnitude earthquakes allowed to validate the correct behaviour of the whole structure, as well as to make a dynamic identification of the complex construction and to calibrate a detailed finite element model of the Sanctuary, thus predicting isolators’ behaviour under design earthquake.

橡胶O形圈密封结构老化状态的随机振动分析

为研究橡胶密封结构老化状态的无损、在线、定量检测方法,基于有限元法建立橡胶O形圈密封结构的有限元模型,使用输入材料参数的方式达到了等效模型不同老化状态的目的,通过模态分析总结固有频率与老化状态间的变化规律,采用脉冲激励试验证明有限元模型的正确性。随后,基于模态分析完成了压缩率为14.3%的随机振动分析,总结了响应功率谱与老化状态间的变化规律。研究结果表明:建立的有限元模型能揭示结构老化状态响应特性的变化情况,为研究其老化状态的无损、在线、定量检测方法提供了先验性知识。

某病房楼隔震设计及抗震性能分析

以某病房楼实际项目为例,介绍了《隔标》下采用整体分析方法进行隔震结构设计的流程及隔震支座的选型,阐述了构件性能目标及其设计方法,隔震支座恢复力、抗倾覆、拉应力验算注意事项;采用PKPM软件建立三维仿真模型,分析了中震下隔震结构和非隔震结构的地震响应,采用SAUSG软件进行大震下的结构弹塑性分析。分析结果表明,通过设置隔震层,结构周期大幅延长,有效的降低了上部结构的层间剪力、层间位移角,通过隔震层的大幅变形进行地震能量的耗散,上部结构在中震下处于弹性状态,在大震下处于轻微损伤—中度损伤范围,符合预期的性能目标,可为工程实践及理论研究提供参考。

高阻尼橡胶支座隔震结构动力响应分析

近几年研究发现,铅芯橡胶支座有着在低周期荷载下易疲劳破坏、在大变形阶段不易复位和污染环境等问题。因此,文中提出选用高阻尼橡胶支座替代铅芯橡胶支座应用于隔震结构,采用结构设计软件盈建科(YJK)对某教学楼分别选用铅芯橡胶支座与天然橡胶支座混合布置和高阻尼橡胶支座与天然橡胶支座混合布置两种不同的隔震方案进行隔震设计。结果表明与非隔震结构相比,两种隔震方案都大幅度减小了隔震结构的地震响应,有效地提高了结构的抗震性能。高阻尼橡胶支座可作为铅芯橡胶支座的替代品,用于建筑隔震。

考虑SSI效应的铅芯橡胶支座隔震结构体系振动台模型试验

设计并完成了考虑土-结构动力相互作用(SSI效应)的铅芯橡胶支座隔震结构体系振动台模型试验,对比分析了土性地基和刚性地基上隔震结构体系的动力特性、基础及隔震层的转动效应、楼层加速度反应,探讨了SSI效应对隔震结构体系隔震效果的影响。试验结果表明:由于SSI效应的影响,土性地基上隔震结构体系的隔震效率较刚性地基时明显降低,SSI效应对隔震结构体系隔震效率的影响与输入地震动的峰值及频谱特性有关。因此,对建于土性地基上的隔震结构进行设计时,考虑土-结构动力相互作用是十分必要的。

铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震结构双向地震反应分析

本文对铅芯叠层橡胶支座双向耦合恢复力模型进行了改进,采用基础隔震结构动力分析程序DABIS对铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震结构进行了单向及双向地震反应对比分析。结果表明,在单向和双向地震作用下,基础隔震结构的加速度反应和位移反应较为接近,但在双向地震作用下,支座的最大位移明显大于单向地震作用时的支座最大位移,因而在确定支座最大位移时应考虑双向地震作用的影响。

橡胶隔振圈的结构刚度性能

根据以往研究成果,从不同本构模型的应用优缺点考虑使用Mooney-Rivlin二参数本构模型建立橡胶材料有限元模型,并通过实验验证了模型的正确性。通过动静刚度对比计算,验证了静态刚度计算方法在性能分析中的可行性。建立了不同结构参数的隔振圈有限元模型。然后,在ANSYS软件中对隔振圈各个方向的刚度值进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明:不同结构参数对各方向刚度的影响规律各不相同,而且径向刚度和轴向刚度之间存在刚度变化耦合的现象。最后,根据分析结果提出了调整隔振圈刚度的方法,该方法对提高隔振圈减振效果以及隔振圈的推广具有一定的参考价值。

采用粘弹性分数导数模型的橡胶隔振器动态特性的建模及应用

橡胶隔振器的动态特性与激振振幅及激振频率相关。给出一个可以表征橡胶隔振器动态特性与激振振幅及激振频率相关性的模型,其中,用摩擦力模型表征其动态特性与振幅的相关性,用分数导数粘弹性模型表征其动态特性与频率的相关性。计算分析了所建立的模型与目前广泛采用的两种描述橡胶隔振器动态特性模型(基于Maxwell的模型和粘性阻尼模型)在表征其与激振振幅及激振频率的相关性;使用分数导数和Kelvin-Voigt模型时,计算分析了一个含有橡胶隔振器的单自由度振动系统的自由振动和阶跃激励的时域响应。计算结果表明:采用分数导数模型能更加准确地描述橡胶隔振器的动态特性,建立的模型可以用于含有橡胶隔振器的振动系统的动态特性分析。

轻轨铁路站桥结构体系抗震分析与隔震研究

本文结合地处高烈度地震区的天津轻轨工程,对轻轨铁路站桥结构体系进行抗震分析,并探索减轻其地震灾害、提高其抗震能力的隔震措施。研究结果表明,按照现行有关抗震设计规范规定的反应谱值设计的站桥结构体系的抗震安全性存在不足,设计必须按工程建设场地地震危险性评价给定的反应谱值对站桥结构体系进行时程分析,才能保证轻轨铁路的抗震安全性。通过在车站建筑与高架桥梁之间的连接部位安装新近研制的SMA复合橡胶支座隔震装置,可以有效地提高轻轨铁路站桥结构体系的抗震能力。

宿迁市文体馆基础隔震非线性时程分析研究

宿迁市文体馆 4 5 0 0座位 ,约 130 0 0m2 ,位于 8度抗震设防区 ,主体结构为钢筋混凝土结构空间框架 ,钢网壳屋盖。该工程采用基础隔震技术设计 ,在桩基顶面与上部结构之间设置架空层 ,用作安置设备管道及隔震层。隔震层由叠层橡胶隔震支座和粘滞阻尼器组成。对主体结构基础隔震采用空间模型非线性时程分析方法进行了详细分析 ,结果表明 :采用基础隔震措施可显著降低结构地震作用 ,上部结构水平地震作用减震系数可按 0 .2 5采用 ;设置附加粘滞阻尼器能较好地解决降低地震作用和限制隔震层位移之间的矛盾 ,对提高隔震体系的性能具有重要作用。技术经济比较表明 ,本工程采用基础隔震措施 ,具有明显的社会。

大高宽比隔震结构地震反应的实用分析方法

本文提出了高层隔震结构等大高宽比隔震结构体系地震反应分析的单质点、2质点和3质点剪切型简化计算模型,同时还提出了高宽比影响系数的概念和计算式。这种纯剪切的简化计算模型成功地模拟了剪切加转动多质点计算模型的动力特性,通过高宽比影响系数对剪切型计算模型得到的剪力系数进行非线性放大,使数十质点的隔震结构体系都能够简化成单质点、2质点和3质点体系进行地震反应分析。文末对22层高宽比为5.01的某22层隔震结构进行了算例分析,简化计算理论的计算结果和时程分析法计算结果一致性良好。

考虑橡胶垫弹塑性性能及结构阻尼比变化的隔震结构动力分析

本文的主要工作:(1) 在一个通用的高层建筑空间动力分析程序HBTA[1]的基础上增加了铅芯叠层钢板橡胶垫的弹塑性本构关系,改进后的程序能够考虑橡胶垫在双向水平力作用下两个方向恢复力和位移相互耦合的弹塑性性能。(2) 为了反应橡胶垫隔震层与上部混凝土结构阻尼比不同的特点,本文还运用线性加速度逐步积分法和Wilson抭法的基本原理,推导出了适用于隔震结构动力方程的逐步积分公式,该公式能够同时进行隔震建筑上部和下部两个子结构动力方程的时程反应计算。笔者对上述工作进行了程序实现和实例计算,结果表明考虑上部结构及橡胶垫隔震层不同阻尼比是完全必要的。

基础隔震结构橡胶支座时变非线性特性识别

为了解基础隔震结构在地震作用下的性能状态,基于小波多尺度分析技术提出一种识别橡胶支座时变非线性恢复力模型的方法。首先,基于离散序列小波多尺度分析(multi-resolution analysis,简称MRA)理论,将橡胶支座时变非线性未知恢复力采用Daubechies小波多尺度分解的小波系数近似表达,将时变问题转化为时不变问题;其次,通过最小二乘法估计各尺度小波系数,将估计的小波系数进行重构获得橡胶支座的非线性恢复力;最后,进行数值模拟验证。数值算例表明,在上部结构刚度变化时,该方法可以准确识别出橡胶支座的非线性特性,同时也可以很好地识别出上部结构的时变刚度,验证了该算法的有效性和正确性。