The development of erosive landforms such as rills,ditches,slits,and gullies depends on many environmental factors;thus,the rate of the development of each individual form differs.In this paper,the author presents a c...The development of erosive landforms such as rills,ditches,slits,and gullies depends on many environmental factors;thus,the rate of the development of each individual form differs.In this paper,the author presents a case study of two erosion rills located on a hiking trails(Holy Cross Mts.)resulting after 2 years of monitoring in which the process of their evolution was precisely analyzed.Once established,such landforms develop over time with variable rates and can represent multiple different stages.Moreover,the final result of the rill development hardly reminds their original form and does not allow for interpretation of the events that affected it in the recent past.Therefore,the main objective was to determine the volumetric changes of erosion rills created by the surface runoff on both sections,during two years of observation.Additional objectives included a description of the physical and meteorological parameters,important in the development process and a comparison of them to the volumetric changes of each period.Using the Structure-from-motion(Sf M)photogrammetry technique,monitoring procedures have been performed quickly offering sufficient accuracy.For direct comparison,the digital elevation model of difference(Do D)method was used,enabling the calculation of volume.The results showed that the erosion to deposition ratio was more disproportionate during storm events or periods with higher depth of rainfall.Total erosion to deposition balance for the entire monitoring period was negative and equal to 1448.84 kg or 410 Mg/ha for the first erosion rill and 1059.5 kg or 300 Mg/ha for the second rill.Both erosion rills developed differently.The first erosion rill developed by linear cut into deeper and wider form,while the other,steeper rill,evolved from plunge pools merging together into deeper and wider form.展开更多
The May 222021 M_(W)7.4 Madoi,Qinghai,China earthquake presented a rare opportunity to apply the modern unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photography method in extreme altitude and weather conditions to image surface ruptur...The May 222021 M_(W)7.4 Madoi,Qinghai,China earthquake presented a rare opportunity to apply the modern unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photography method in extreme altitude and weather conditions to image surface ruptures and near-field effects of earthquake-related surface deformations in the remote Tibet.High-resolution aerial photographs were acquired in the days immediately following the mainshock.The complex surface rupture patterns associated with this event were covered comprehensively at 3-6 cm resolution.This effort represents the first time that an earthquake rupture in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has been fully and systematically captured by such high-resolution imagery,with an unprecedented level of detail,over its entire length.The dataset has proven valuable in documenting subtle and transient rupture features,such as the significant mole-tracks and opening fissures,which were ubiquitous coseismically but degraded during the subsequent summer storm season.Such high-quality imagery also helps to document with high fidelity the fractures of the surface rupture zone(supplements of this paper),the pattern related to how the faults ruptured to the ground surface,and the distribution of off-fault damage.In combination with other ground-based mapping efforts,the data will be analyzed in the following months to better understand the mechanics of earthquake rupture related to the fault zone rheology,rupture dynamics,and frictional properties along with the fault interface.展开更多
[目的]为比较地形变化监测算法在黄土高原砒砂岩区的适用性。[方法]以皇甫川流域特拉沟一支沟为研究对象,采用无人机摄影测量技术获取2022年7月至2023年3月影像,结合SfM技术生成三维点云数据,比较分析[digital elevation model of diffe...[目的]为比较地形变化监测算法在黄土高原砒砂岩区的适用性。[方法]以皇甫川流域特拉沟一支沟为研究对象,采用无人机摄影测量技术获取2022年7月至2023年3月影像,结合SfM技术生成三维点云数据,比较分析[digital elevation model of difference(DoD)、cloud to cloud(C2C)、cloud to mesh(C2M)、multiscale model to model cloud comparison(M3C2)]等4种算法的侵蚀产沙监测精度,并分析点云密度变化对各方法精度的影响。[结果](1)4种常用算法在空间上都能监测到大幅度地表变化。其中,以M3C2算法的结果最优,线性拟合结果最好(R^(2)=0.953,p<0.01),且综合误差最小(MAE=0.0161 m,MRE=3.37%,RMSE=0.0194 m),C2M算法其次,DoD算法再次,而C2C算法结果最差。(2)通过比较,DoD算法仅适用于平坦区域的快速检测,坡度陡峭的区域监测侵蚀沉积量存在高估的现象。(3)M3C2和C2C算法对点云密度变化敏感,而C2M和DoD受点云密度变化影响较小。[结论]研究结果可为黄土高原砒砂岩地区基于UAV-SfM的侵蚀产沙监测方法的选择提供参考。展开更多
为了实现点胶加工工件的三维模型重建,在分析了SFM(structure from motion)算法原理和五轴点胶机特点的基础上,提出了一种在五轴机床上使用单目相机实现工件三维模型重建的方法。首先,通过标定获得相机内外参,建立世界坐标系、机床坐标...为了实现点胶加工工件的三维模型重建,在分析了SFM(structure from motion)算法原理和五轴点胶机特点的基础上,提出了一种在五轴机床上使用单目相机实现工件三维模型重建的方法。首先,通过标定获得相机内外参,建立世界坐标系、机床坐标系与相机坐标系之间的关系;其次,从不同角度拍摄工件,与一般SFM不同的是拍摄时由机床机械坐标计算出相机位姿作为外参;最后,将图像序列和相机内外参作为输入,经过稀疏重建与稠密重建输出三维模型。实验结果表明,选用恰当的原始数据与参数可以高效地完成重建任务,重建成功率在90%以上,平均重投影误差为0.653 144 pixels。展开更多
建筑物类型的研究对于震后救援和损失评估具有重要作用,目前针对SfM(Structure from Motion)方法生成的三维密集点云数据的建筑物分类研究较少。首先基于SfM原理生成密集点云,然后通过建筑物单体点云高度均值和标准差对建筑物的高度和...建筑物类型的研究对于震后救援和损失评估具有重要作用,目前针对SfM(Structure from Motion)方法生成的三维密集点云数据的建筑物分类研究较少。首先基于SfM原理生成密集点云,然后通过建筑物单体点云高度均值和标准差对建筑物的高度和屋顶类型进行初步分类,进一步提出了建筑物单体屋顶最高点与最低点点云中心点的水平距离因子对单坡和双坡屋顶类型进行再分类的方法。以玛曲县城为研究区,使用SfM算法对无人机影像进行处理,并利用上述多因子再分类方法进行建筑物高度和类型分类。实验结果表明,设置高度均值和标准差阈值分别为6m和0.25m时能够准确区分单层、非单层建筑物和平、坡屋顶类型建筑物;对于单坡和双坡顶建筑物,利用距离因子,设定距离阈值1.5m时可完全区分。对该地区典型建筑物的研究结果表明,通过基于点云分析的建筑物高度和类型提取方法,可为地震灾害风险分析和未来潜在地震灾害损失预测所需的建筑物信息的提取提供重要参考。展开更多
采用运动恢复结构(structure from motion,SFM)算法进行三维人脸建模一直以来受到研究者的关注,但其对错误的匹配点比较敏感,因此,文章提出了一种融合Gabor特征的SFM算法三维人脸建模方法。该方法利用Gabor滤波器提取纹理特征,判别轮廓...采用运动恢复结构(structure from motion,SFM)算法进行三维人脸建模一直以来受到研究者的关注,但其对错误的匹配点比较敏感,因此,文章提出了一种融合Gabor特征的SFM算法三维人脸建模方法。该方法利用Gabor滤波器提取纹理特征,判别轮廓特征点匹配的准确性;针对图像数增多,传统因子分解法不易修正旋转矩阵的问题,利用旋转矩阵的性质求得修正矩阵,避开方程组的求解;提出引入迭代最近点算法将稀疏三维特征点与三维模型进行配准,缩小空间距离,并结合薄板样条函数插值生成特定的三维人脸模型,为增强真实感,进行纹理映射。实验结果表明,该方法有效提高了匹配点的准确性,能够重建出具有较强真实感的三维人脸。展开更多
以青海省海西州乌兰县某测区为实验区,利用SfM-MVS(Structure from Motion with Multi-view Stereo)技术对无人机航摄数据进行处理,分析了不同控制点布设方案下的数据处理精度,完成了测区高质量三维点云数据的获取和DEM构建。结果表明:...以青海省海西州乌兰县某测区为实验区,利用SfM-MVS(Structure from Motion with Multi-view Stereo)技术对无人机航摄数据进行处理,分析了不同控制点布设方案下的数据处理精度,完成了测区高质量三维点云数据的获取和DEM构建。结果表明:采用SfM-MVS技术处理数据能够满足实验区设计测图精度要求,该方法在高山地区大比例尺地形图测绘方面具有可行性。展开更多
基金financial support through the project“AKCELERATOR ROZWOJU Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach”(Development Accelerator of the Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce)co-financed by the European Union under the European Social Fund,with no.POWR.03.05.00-00-Z212/18。
文摘The development of erosive landforms such as rills,ditches,slits,and gullies depends on many environmental factors;thus,the rate of the development of each individual form differs.In this paper,the author presents a case study of two erosion rills located on a hiking trails(Holy Cross Mts.)resulting after 2 years of monitoring in which the process of their evolution was precisely analyzed.Once established,such landforms develop over time with variable rates and can represent multiple different stages.Moreover,the final result of the rill development hardly reminds their original form and does not allow for interpretation of the events that affected it in the recent past.Therefore,the main objective was to determine the volumetric changes of erosion rills created by the surface runoff on both sections,during two years of observation.Additional objectives included a description of the physical and meteorological parameters,important in the development process and a comparison of them to the volumetric changes of each period.Using the Structure-from-motion(Sf M)photogrammetry technique,monitoring procedures have been performed quickly offering sufficient accuracy.For direct comparison,the digital elevation model of difference(Do D)method was used,enabling the calculation of volume.The results showed that the erosion to deposition ratio was more disproportionate during storm events or periods with higher depth of rainfall.Total erosion to deposition balance for the entire monitoring period was negative and equal to 1448.84 kg or 410 Mg/ha for the first erosion rill and 1059.5 kg or 300 Mg/ha for the second rill.Both erosion rills developed differently.The first erosion rill developed by linear cut into deeper and wider form,while the other,steeper rill,evolved from plunge pools merging together into deeper and wider form.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1839203,42011540385)the National Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics(LED2020B03,IGCEA1812)the Science and Technology Projects of Qinghai Province(2020-ZJ-752).
文摘The May 222021 M_(W)7.4 Madoi,Qinghai,China earthquake presented a rare opportunity to apply the modern unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photography method in extreme altitude and weather conditions to image surface ruptures and near-field effects of earthquake-related surface deformations in the remote Tibet.High-resolution aerial photographs were acquired in the days immediately following the mainshock.The complex surface rupture patterns associated with this event were covered comprehensively at 3-6 cm resolution.This effort represents the first time that an earthquake rupture in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has been fully and systematically captured by such high-resolution imagery,with an unprecedented level of detail,over its entire length.The dataset has proven valuable in documenting subtle and transient rupture features,such as the significant mole-tracks and opening fissures,which were ubiquitous coseismically but degraded during the subsequent summer storm season.Such high-quality imagery also helps to document with high fidelity the fractures of the surface rupture zone(supplements of this paper),the pattern related to how the faults ruptured to the ground surface,and the distribution of off-fault damage.In combination with other ground-based mapping efforts,the data will be analyzed in the following months to better understand the mechanics of earthquake rupture related to the fault zone rheology,rupture dynamics,and frictional properties along with the fault interface.
文摘[目的]为比较地形变化监测算法在黄土高原砒砂岩区的适用性。[方法]以皇甫川流域特拉沟一支沟为研究对象,采用无人机摄影测量技术获取2022年7月至2023年3月影像,结合SfM技术生成三维点云数据,比较分析[digital elevation model of difference(DoD)、cloud to cloud(C2C)、cloud to mesh(C2M)、multiscale model to model cloud comparison(M3C2)]等4种算法的侵蚀产沙监测精度,并分析点云密度变化对各方法精度的影响。[结果](1)4种常用算法在空间上都能监测到大幅度地表变化。其中,以M3C2算法的结果最优,线性拟合结果最好(R^(2)=0.953,p<0.01),且综合误差最小(MAE=0.0161 m,MRE=3.37%,RMSE=0.0194 m),C2M算法其次,DoD算法再次,而C2C算法结果最差。(2)通过比较,DoD算法仅适用于平坦区域的快速检测,坡度陡峭的区域监测侵蚀沉积量存在高估的现象。(3)M3C2和C2C算法对点云密度变化敏感,而C2M和DoD受点云密度变化影响较小。[结论]研究结果可为黄土高原砒砂岩地区基于UAV-SfM的侵蚀产沙监测方法的选择提供参考。
文摘为了实现点胶加工工件的三维模型重建,在分析了SFM(structure from motion)算法原理和五轴点胶机特点的基础上,提出了一种在五轴机床上使用单目相机实现工件三维模型重建的方法。首先,通过标定获得相机内外参,建立世界坐标系、机床坐标系与相机坐标系之间的关系;其次,从不同角度拍摄工件,与一般SFM不同的是拍摄时由机床机械坐标计算出相机位姿作为外参;最后,将图像序列和相机内外参作为输入,经过稀疏重建与稠密重建输出三维模型。实验结果表明,选用恰当的原始数据与参数可以高效地完成重建任务,重建成功率在90%以上,平均重投影误差为0.653 144 pixels。
文摘建筑物类型的研究对于震后救援和损失评估具有重要作用,目前针对SfM(Structure from Motion)方法生成的三维密集点云数据的建筑物分类研究较少。首先基于SfM原理生成密集点云,然后通过建筑物单体点云高度均值和标准差对建筑物的高度和屋顶类型进行初步分类,进一步提出了建筑物单体屋顶最高点与最低点点云中心点的水平距离因子对单坡和双坡屋顶类型进行再分类的方法。以玛曲县城为研究区,使用SfM算法对无人机影像进行处理,并利用上述多因子再分类方法进行建筑物高度和类型分类。实验结果表明,设置高度均值和标准差阈值分别为6m和0.25m时能够准确区分单层、非单层建筑物和平、坡屋顶类型建筑物;对于单坡和双坡顶建筑物,利用距离因子,设定距离阈值1.5m时可完全区分。对该地区典型建筑物的研究结果表明,通过基于点云分析的建筑物高度和类型提取方法,可为地震灾害风险分析和未来潜在地震灾害损失预测所需的建筑物信息的提取提供重要参考。
文摘采用运动恢复结构(structure from motion,SFM)算法进行三维人脸建模一直以来受到研究者的关注,但其对错误的匹配点比较敏感,因此,文章提出了一种融合Gabor特征的SFM算法三维人脸建模方法。该方法利用Gabor滤波器提取纹理特征,判别轮廓特征点匹配的准确性;针对图像数增多,传统因子分解法不易修正旋转矩阵的问题,利用旋转矩阵的性质求得修正矩阵,避开方程组的求解;提出引入迭代最近点算法将稀疏三维特征点与三维模型进行配准,缩小空间距离,并结合薄板样条函数插值生成特定的三维人脸模型,为增强真实感,进行纹理映射。实验结果表明,该方法有效提高了匹配点的准确性,能够重建出具有较强真实感的三维人脸。
文摘以青海省海西州乌兰县某测区为实验区,利用SfM-MVS(Structure from Motion with Multi-view Stereo)技术对无人机航摄数据进行处理,分析了不同控制点布设方案下的数据处理精度,完成了测区高质量三维点云数据的获取和DEM构建。结果表明:采用SfM-MVS技术处理数据能够满足实验区设计测图精度要求,该方法在高山地区大比例尺地形图测绘方面具有可行性。
