EVOLUTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE PHYSICO-EOGRAPHICALENVIRONMENT OF THE QINGHAI-XIZANG (TIBETAN) PLATEAU

The intense uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau givesrise to drastic changes of natural environment and distinctdifferentiation of the Plateau proper. This paper focuses on theevolution of subtropical environment at low altitude to frigidenvironment at high altitude of the region since Pliocene and thechanges effected by cold-warm amplitude bf global change. Bycomparative study on the structure-type of the altitudinal belt, adistributional model diagram with close relevance to highlanduplift effect has been generalized. Based on regjonaldifferentiation of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a number ofstriking geo-ecological phenomena such as moisture corridor, dryvalleys and high cold-arid core area are investigated anddiscussed.

黄土隧道新型组合结构支护效果分析及参数优化研究

黄土隧道在开挖过程中经常发生支护结构破坏或过度变形。依托某黄土隧道,提出一种新型组合结构支护体系(π形拱架),采用理论计算对比了π形拱架与传统工字钢提供的支护反力,结合现场监测和数值模拟分析了不同支护体系下围岩控制效果,优化新型组合结构的构造参数,同时基于正交试验探究了构造参数对围岩支承效果影响显著性大小。结果表明:π形拱架提供的支护反力是型钢钢架的3.14倍,具有强度大、承载力高的优势;建立对比分析模型,较传统支护体系相比,新型支护体系下的拱顶沉降降幅达到53.8%,等效塑性应变减少约64.4%,初期支护最大压应力和拉应力分别减少约35.3%、35.9%;进而建立参数优化模型,通过对围岩竖向位移和塑性区的综合评估,建议拱架壁厚取6 mm,灌浆强度选择C30,翼板长度以200 mm为宜;结合正交试验结果,各因素影响程度由小到大依次为因素B(灌浆强度)<因素A(钢管壁厚)<因素C(翼板长度)。本研究可进一步促进新型拱架在黄土隧道施工支护中的应用。