基于VMD-WK-OPLS的短期风速动态预测

针对短期风速存在随机性、不稳定性难以建立准确预测模型,提出变分模态分解(VMD)和小波核潜在结构正交投影(WK-OPLS)的VMD-WK-OPLS预测模型,实现动态短期风速估计。首先利用VMD将风速序列分解为不同限带内的子模态,以降低短期风速非平稳性对预测结果的影响,然后对子模态分别建立WK-OPLS预测模型,并利用时滞差分(DTD)的策略对各模型动态更新,最后将各子模态预测结果组合得到最终短期风速预测值。通过宁夏风场风速序列进行验证,结果表明,本文所提出的VMD-WK-OPLS模型与EEMD-IDE-LSSVM、VMD-IDE-LSSVM、EEMD-WK-OPLS、VMD-WK-OPLS等三种模型相对比,在短期风速预测精度上得到显著提高。

OptoGPT: A foundation model for inverse design in optical multilayer thin film structures

Optical multilayer thin film structures have been widely used in numerous photonic applications.However,existing inverse design methods have many drawbacks because they either fail to quickly adapt to different design targets,or are difficult to suit for different types of structures,e.g.,designing for different materials at each layer.These methods also cannot accommodate versatile design situations under different angles and polarizations.In addition,how to benefit practical fabrications and manufacturing has not been extensively considered yet.In this work,we introduce OptoGPT(Opto Generative Pretrained Transformer),a decoder-only transformer,to solve all these drawbacks and issues simultaneously.

Seabed structures and foundations related to deep-sea resource development:A review based on design and research

The deep‐sea ground contains a huge amount of energy and mineral resources,for example,oil,gas,and minerals.Various infrastructures such as floating structures,seabed structures,and foundations have been developed to exploit these resources.The seabed structures and foundations can be mainly classified into three types:subsea production structures,offshore pipelines,and anchors.This study reviewed the development,installation,and operation of these infrastructures,including their structures,design,installation,marine environment loads,and applications.On this basis,the research gaps and further research directions were explored through this literature review.First,different floating structures were briefly analyzed and reviewed to introduce the design requirements of the seabed structures and foundations.Second,the subsea production structures,including subsea manifolds and their foundations,were reviewed and discussed.Third,the basic characteristics and design methods of deep‐sea pipelines,including subsea pipelines and risers,were analyzed and reviewed.Finally,the installation and bearing capacity of deep‐sea subsea anchors and seabed trench influence on the anchor were reviewed.Through the review,it was found that marine environment conditions are the key inputs for any offshore structure design.The fabrication,installation,and operation of infrastructures should carefully consider the marine loads and geological conditions.Different structures have their own mechanical problems.The fatigue and stability of pipelines mainly depend on the soil‐structure interaction.Anchor selection should consider soil types and possible trench formation.These focuses and research gaps can provide a helpful guide on further research,installation,and operation of deep‐sea structures and foundations.

Web Layout Design of Large Cavity Structures Based on Topology Optimization

Large cavity structures are widely employed in aerospace engineering, such as thin-walled cylinders, blades andwings. Enhancing performance of aerial vehicles while reducing manufacturing costs and fuel consumptionhas become a focal point for contemporary researchers. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the topologyoptimization of large cavity structures as a means to enhance their performance, safety, and efficiency. By usingthe variable density method, lightweight design is achieved without compromising structural strength. Theoptimization model considers both concentrated and distributed loads, and utilizes techniques like sensitivityfiltering and projection to obtain a robust optimized configuration. The mechanical properties are checked bycomparing the stress distribution and displacement of the unoptimized and optimized structures under the sameload. The results confirm that the optimized structures exhibit improved mechanical properties, thus offering keyinsights for engineering lightweight, high-strength large cavity structures.

Multi-Material Topology Optimization for Spatial-Varying Porous Structures

This paper aims to propose a topology optimization method on generating porous structures comprising multiple materials.The mathematical optimization formulation is established under the constraints of individual volume fraction of constituent phase or total mass,as well as the local volume fraction of all phases.The original optimization problem with numerous constraints is converted into a box-constrained optimization problem by incorporating all constraints to the augmented Lagrangian function,avoiding the parameter dependence in the conventional aggregation process.Furthermore,the local volume percentage can be precisely satisfied.The effects including the globalmass bound,the influence radius and local volume percentage on final designs are exploited through numerical examples.The numerical results also reveal that porous structures keep a balance between the bulk design and periodic design in terms of the resulting compliance.All results,including those for irregular structures andmultiple volume fraction constraints,demonstrate that the proposedmethod can provide an efficient solution for multiple material infill structures.

Ultrafast dynamics of femtosecond laser-induced high spatial frequency periodic structures on silicon surfaces

Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have been extensively studied over the past few decades.In particular,the period and groove width of high-spatial-frequency LIPSS(HSFL)is much smaller than the diffraction limit,making it a useful method for efficient nanomanufacturing.However,compared with the low-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL),the structure size of the HSFL is smaller,and it is more easily submerged.Therefore,the formation mechanism of HSFL is complex and has always been a research hotspot in this field.In this study,regular LSFL with a period of 760 nm was fabricated in advance on a silicon surface with two-beam interference using an 800 nm,50 fs femtosecond laser.The ultrafast dynamics of HSFL formation on the silicon surface of prefabricated LSFL under single femtosecond laser pulse irradiation were observed and analyzed for the first time using collinear pump-probe imaging method.In general,the evolution of the surface structure undergoes five sequential stages:the LSFL begins to split,becomes uniform HSFL,degenerates into an irregular LSFL,undergoes secondary splitting into a weakly uniform HSFL,and evolves into an irregular LSFL or is submerged.The results indicate that the local enhancement of the submerged nanocavity,or the nanoplasma,in the prefabricated LSFL ridge led to the splitting of the LSFL,and the thermodynamic effect drove the homogenization of the splitting LSFL,which evolved into HSFL.

Design Strategies for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries with High Zinc Utilization: From Metal Anodes to Anode-Free Structures

Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to the excellent safety, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential of zinc(Zn) metal. However,several issues such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of Zn metal anodes cause irreversible loss of the active materials. To solve these issues, researchers often use large amounts of excess Zn to ensure a continuous supply of active materials for Zn anodes. This leads to the ultralow utilization of Zn anodes and squanders the high energy density of AZMBs. Herein, the design strategies for AZMBs with high Zn utilization are discussed in depth, from utilizing thinner Zn foils to constructing anode-free structures with theoretical Zn utilization of 100%, which provides comprehensive guidelines for further research. Representative methods for calculating the depth of discharge of Zn anodes with different structures are first summarized. The reasonable modification strategies of Zn foil anodes, current collectors with pre-deposited Zn, and anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries(AF-AZMBs) to improve Zn utilization are then detailed. In particular, the working mechanism of AF-AZMBs is systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing high-utilization Zn anodes are presented.

HPLC多指标成分联合PCA和OPLS-DA法的复方儿茶胶囊综合质量评价

目的建立HPLC法同时检测复方儿茶胶囊中儿茶素、表儿茶素、槲皮素和山奈酚的含量,并结合主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)法构建其质量控制体系。方法采用Waters Symmetry C18色谱柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相乙腈-0.5%冰醋酸,梯度洗脱;检测波长分别为280 nm(检测儿茶素和表儿茶素)、360 nm(检测槲皮素和山奈酚);用外标法计算各成分含量,并联合PCA、OPLS-DA进行品质分析。结果4种成分分别在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9992);平均加样回收率96.85%~99.54%(RSD<2.0%);经PCA法得2个主成分的累积贡献率达到87.463%;OPLS-DA法显示12批复方儿茶胶囊样品聚为3类;儿茶素和表儿茶素是影响复方儿茶胶囊产品质量的主要潜在标志物。结论所建方法结果准确、操作便捷,可用于复方儿茶胶囊的综合质量评价。

HPLC多指标成分联合PCA、OPLS-DA及灰色关联度法的宫瘤消胶囊综合质量评价

目的:采用HPLC法同时检测宫瘤消胶囊(GLX)中13种成分含量,并联合化学计量学及灰色关联度分析(GRA)对GLX质量进行综合评价。方法:以Dikmatech Diamonsil Plus C18为色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,同时测定GLX中党参炔苷、紫丁香苷、鸡矢藤次苷甲酯、车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷、氧化芍药苷、芍药苷、丹皮酚、香附烯酮、圆柚酮、α-香附酮、莪术二酮和莪术醇的含量。采用化学计量学挖掘影响GLX产品质量的主要标记物。基于灰色关联度法分析不同批次GLX各指标成分数据,以相对关联度为测度,对GLX综合质量进行评价。结果:13种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),平均加样回收率(n=9)在96.81%~100.19%之间(RSD<2.0%)。化学计量学分析显示莪术二酮、香附烯酮、丹皮酚、车叶草苷、党参炔苷、鸡矢藤次苷甲酯、芍药苷和氧化芍药苷是影响GLX产品质量的主要潜在标志物。灰色关联度分析相对关联度0.3302~0.6068,GLX存在一定批间差异。结论:所建立的HPLC多组分定量联合化学计量学及灰色关联度分析方法,操作便捷、结果准确、全面客观,可用于GLX质量的综合评价,为该制剂质量控制提供参考。

QAMS多组分定量联合PCA、OPLS-DA及GRA分析法评价白花蛇舌草的质量

目的:采用高效液相-一测多评(HPLC-QAMS)法联合化学计量学及灰色关联度分析法评价白花蛇舌草质量。方法:采用Alltima C_(18)色谱柱(5.0μm,250.0 mm×4.6 mm),0.2%磷酸-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱;以芦丁为参照物,建立其与京尼平苷酸、京尼平苷、车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷、2-羟基-3-甲基蒽醌、1,2-二羟基-3-甲基蒽醌、槲皮素、山柰酚、齐墩果酸、熊果酸、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的相对校正因子并进行校正因子耐用性考察。同时采用ESM和QAMS法测定收集到的16批白花蛇舌草中该13种成分的含量,再运用统计软件进行化学计量学及灰色关联度分析。结果:13种成分方法学验证均符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》要求。京尼平苷酸、京尼平苷、车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷、2-羟基-3-甲基蒽醌、1,2-二羟基-3-甲基蒽醌、槲皮素、山柰酚、齐墩果酸、熊果酸、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇与芦丁的平均相对校正因子分别为0.9489、0.7033、0.7824、1.1359、0.5845、0.8005、0.8933、1.0683、0.7406、0.8640、0.6745、0.5424。两种方法测定结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。化学计量学方法显示16批白花蛇舌草聚为3类,呈现一定的产区差异。芦丁、车叶草苷酸、京尼平苷和齐墩果酸是影响白花蛇舌草产品质量的主要潜在标志物。GRA法分析结果显示7个省中浙江和江西地区所得白花蛇舌草质量最优。结论:本试验所建立的方法操作便捷、结果准确,结合化学计量学及GRA方法可用于白花蛇舌草质量的综合评价。

An origami shield with supporting frame structures optimized by a feature-driven topology optimization method

In this paper,the design,manufacture and testing of an origami protective shield with a supporting frame structure are presented.It consists of an origami shield surface and a deployable supporting frame structure that needs to be portable and sufficiently stiff.First,for the design of the shield surface,a threestage origami crease pattern is developed to reduce the shield size in the folded state.The shield surface consists of several stiff modular panels and layered with flexible fabric.The modular panels are made of a multi-layer composite where a ceramic layer is made of small pieces to improve durability as those small pieces enable restriction of crack propagation.Then,the supporting frame structure is designed as a chain-of-bars structure in order to fold into a highly compact state as a bundle of bars and deploy in sequence.Thus,a feature-driven topology structural optimization method preserving component sequence is developed where the inter-dependence of sub-structures is taken into account.A bar with semi-circular ends is used as a basic design feature.The positions of the bar’s end points are treated as design variables and the width of the bars is kept constant.Then,a constraint on the total length of the chain of bars is introduced.Finally,the modular panels made of multi-layer composite and the full-scale prototype of the origami shield are fabricated and tested to verify the bullet-proof performance.

Influence of topography on the fine structures of stratospheric gravity waves:An analysis using COSMIC-2 temperature data

We derive the potential energy of gravity waves(GWs)in the upper troposphere and stratosphere at 45°S-45°N from December 2019 to November 2022 by using temperature profiles retrieved from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate-2(COSMIC-2)satellite.Owing to the dense sampling of COSMIC-2,in addition to the strong peaks of gravity wave potential energy(GWPE)above the Andes and Tibetan Plateau,we found weak peaks above the Rocky,Atlas,Caucasus,and Tianshan Mountains.The land-sea contrast is responsible for the longitudinal variations of the GWPE in the lower and upper stratosphere.At 40°N/S,the peaks were mainly above the topographic regions during the winter.At 20°N/S,the peaks were a slight distance away from the topographic regions and might be the combined effect of nontopographic GWs and mountain waves.Near the Equator,the peaks were mainly above the regions with the lowest sea level altitude and may have resulted from convection.Our results indicate that even above the local regions with lower sea level altitudes compared with the Andes and Tibetan Plateau,the GWPE also exhibits fine structures in geographic distributions.We found that dissipation layers above the tropopause jet provide the body force to generate secondary waves in the upper stratosphere,especially during the winter months of each hemisphere and at latitudes of greater than 20°N/S.

Polar-coordinate line-projection light-curing continuous 3D printing for tubular structures

3D printing techniques offer an effective method in fabricating complex radially multi-material structures.However,it is challenging for complex and delicate radially multi-material model geometries without supporting structures,such as tissue vessels and tubular graft,among others.In this work,we tackle these challenges by developing a polar digital light processing technique which uses a rod as the printing platform.The 3D model fabrication is accomplished through line projection.The rotation and translation of the rod are synchronized to project and illuminate the photosensitive material volume.By controlling the distance between the rod and the printing window,we achieved the printing of tubular structures with a minimum wall thickness as thin as 50 micrometers.By controlling the width of fine slits at the printing window,we achieved the printing of structures with a minimum feature size of 10 micrometers.Our process accomplished the fabrication of thin-walled tubular graft structure with a thickness of only 100 micrometers and lengths of several centimeters within a timeframe of just 100 s.Additionally,it enables the printing of axial multi-material structures,thereby achieving adjustable mechanical strength.This method is conducive to rapid customization of tubular grafts and the manufacturing of tubular components in fields such as dentistry,aerospace,and more.

Concurrent Two-Scale Topology Optimization of Thermoelastic Structures Using a M-VCUT Level Set Based Model of Microstructures

By analyzing the results of compliance minimization of thermoelastic structures,we observed that microstructures play an important role in this optimization problem.Then,we propose to use a multiple variable cutting(M-VCUT)level set-based model of microstructures to solve the concurrent two-scale topology optimization of thermoelastic structures.A microstructure is obtained by combining multiple virtual microstructures that are derived respectively from multiple microstructure prototypes,thus giving more diversity of microstructure and more flexibility in design optimization.The effective mechanical properties of microstructures are computed in an off-line phase by using the homogenization method,and then a mapping relationship between the design variables and the effective properties is established,which gives a data-driven model of microstructure.In the online phase,the data-driven model is used in the finite element analysis to improve the computational efficiency.The compliance minimization problem is considered,and the results of numerical examples prove that the proposed method is effective.

椒蒿精油成分随生长时间的OPLS-DA分析

为探究不同生长时间椒蒿精油品质的差异性,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对椒蒿精油的化学成分进行分析,通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)和聚类热图分析验证生长时间对其化学成分及相对含量的影响。GC-MS分析结果表明,各生长时间共有物质25种,其中13种萜烯类、9种醇类、3种其他物质,除此之外在个别生长时间还检测出酯类、脂肪酸及酮类等物质。聚类热图分析表明,大多数物质含量在采摘时间S1和S2较多,S3和S4次之,S5和S6最低。萜烯类物质整体呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势,萜烯类物质总的相对含量在4月份相对偏高,5月份次之,6月份最低。醇类物质在S4之前各生长时间含量相对较多,S4之后相对含量变少,同时α-生育酚在S4之前含量也较多。变量投影重要性(VIP)分析表明,共有5种物质的VIP大于1,分别为榄香素、α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、γ-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇。因此,5月下旬之前采摘椒蒿并提取精油,得到的椒蒿精油品质相对较好。

基于多组分定量联合PCA、OPLS-DA及EW-TOPSIS分析的癣湿药水综合质量评价

目的:建立癣湿药水多组分定量检测方法,通过主成分分析法(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)联合熵权优劣解距离法(EW-TOPSIS)对多组分含量测定结果进行差异性分析,评价其综合质量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,Global Chromatography C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,同时测定12批癣湿药水中柠檬苦素、吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱、欧前胡素、蛇床子素、异欧前胡素、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、土荆皮丙酸、土荆皮乙酸、羟基-α-山椒素、羟基-β-山椒素、羟基-γ-山椒素含量,通过化学计量学和EW-TOPSIS对定量结果进行分析。结果:13个成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),平均加样回收率为96.90%~100.09%(n=9,RSD<2.0%)。PCA结果显示12批癣湿药水聚为3类;OPLS-DA结果表明蛇床子素、土荆皮乙酸、羟基-α-山椒素、升麻素、柠檬苦素和欧前胡素为癣湿药水差异特征标志物;EW-TOPSIS结果显示欧氏贴近度为0.1887~0.6920,不同企业间产品13个成分含量存在一定差异。结论:所建立方法操作便捷、结果准确,可用于癣湿药水质量的综合评价,多组分定量联合PCA、OPLS-DA及EW-TOPSIS亦可用于其他中药制剂检测及质量评价中。

Mechanical responses of underground carriageway structures due to construction of metro tunnels beneath the existing structure:A case study

To understand the mechanical response pattern of the existing structure and ground due to the construction of metro tunnels underneath,the finite difference method is adopted to study the torsional deformation and stress variation of the existing structure and the effect of underground carriageway structures on the surface subsidence.The curves of the maximum differential subsidence,torsion angle,and distortion of the cross-section of the existing structure show two peaks in succession during traversing of two metro tunnels beneath it.The torsion angle of the existing structure changes when the two tunnels traverse beneath it in opposite directions.The first traversing of the shield tunnel mainly induces the magnitude variation in torsional deformation of the existing structure,but the second traversing of the subsurface tunnel may cause a dynamic change in the magnitude and form of torsional deformation in the existing structure.The shielding effect can reduce the surface subsidence caused by metro tunnel excavation to a certain extent,and the development trend of subsidence becomes slower as the excavation continues.

Electrical Resistivity Structures of the Beishan Block,NW China,and Tectonic Implications

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is a giant orogenic belt located between the Siberian Plate,the Tarim Plate,and the North China Plate,which records the longterm and complex geologic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean from the Early Neoproterozoic(ca.1000 Ma)to the Late Paleoproterozoic(ca.250 Ma)process.The Beishan Block is located in the middle and southern edge of the Central Asian orogenic belt,at the intersection of the Tarim plate,the Siberian Plate and the Kazakhstan Plate.

“教育+科技”视角下高校图书馆数字资源供给路径研究--基于OPLS-DA对24所高校的实证分析

高校图书馆数字资源是高等教育数字资源的重要组成部分,分析高校图书馆数字资源供给样态,有利于促进科学供给。基于“教育+科技”视角,论文采用OPLS-DA对24所高校进行实证分析,从高校图书馆数字资源供给的流程、要素和链条进行多维考量,构建了高校图书馆数字资源供给行为发生的五阶段循环,进行OPLS-DA判别模型构建、验证与解释,并根据研究结果进行供给路径探析。

Emerging Trends in Damage Tolerance Assessment:A Review of Smart Materials and Self-Repairable Structures

The discipline of damage tolerance assessment has experienced significant advancements due to the emergence of smart materials and self-repairable structures.This review offers a comprehensive look into both traditional and innovative methodologies employed in damage tolerance assessment.After a detailed exploration of damage tolerance concepts and their historical progression,the review juxtaposes the proven techniques of damage assessment with the cutting-edge innovations brought about by smart materials and self-repairable structures.The subsequent sections delve into the synergistic integration of smart materials with self-repairable structures,marking a pivotal stride in damage tolerance by establishing an autonomous system for immediate damage identification and self-repair.This holistic approach broadens the applicability of these technologies across diverse sectors yet brings forth unique challenges demanding further innovation and research.Additionally,the review examines future prospects that combine advanced manufacturing processes with data-centric methodologies,amplifying the capabilities of these‘intelligent’structures.The review culminates by highlighting the transformative potential of this union between smart materials and self-repairable structures,promoting a sustainable and efficient engineering paradigm.