Single-Layer Symmetrical Full-Port Quasi-Absorptive Filtering Phase Shifter

In this article,a single-layer symmetrical full-port quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifter is presented.The proposed phase shifter is composed of a main quasi-absorptive filtering branch,a reference quasi-absorptive filtering branch,and two delay lines.The proposed phase shifter achieves both phase controlling function and quasi-absorptive filtering function for the first time.Each quasi-absorptive filtering branch can realize the quasi-absorptive filtering function.Meanwhile,the constant phase shift can be obtained by combining the two quasi-absorptive filtering branches and the two delay lines.The design formulas can be derived from the even-and odd-mode network analysis,and then two quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifters can be devised easily and quickly.For verification,a 90°quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifter,which is critical for circularly polarized antenna systems,is simulated,manufactured,and measured.

A DC-to-32GHz 2Bit MEMS Phase Shifter

A two-bit phase shifter with distributed microelectromechanical system (MEMS) transmission line (DMTL) is developed,and a novel structure which be actuated by coplanar waveguide transmission line (CPW-actuation structure) is proposed,which can reduce the actuation voltage significantly.The measured result,with actuation voltage less than 20V,0°/20.1°/41.9°/68.2° phase shift and -1.2dB insert loss at 20GHz,is demonstrated,and insertion loss/return loss is better than -1.8dB/-11dB from DC to 32GHz.The experimental results highlight the potential of a low-loss and broadband digital MEMS phase shifter on a high-permittivity substrate.

A Uniform Reference Line Based Differential Phase Shifter with Wide Phase Range and Wide Bandwidth

To implement the multi-way phase shifting maintaining the compact size and simplicity in structure,the uniform reference line concept was proposed for the differential phase shifter.However,the performance in bandwidth and phase range deteriorates with the additional requirements considered.To solve this problem,a quarter wavelength coupled line section loaded with open/short stubs is proposed as the basic element to implement the main line and also reference line.According to the theoretical analysis on this basic element,the loading stubs can be used to control the phase shift and also the phase slope of the basic element without affecting the amplitude property.With the predetermined parameters of the uniform reference line,only two parameters are required for the implementation of different differential phase shifts.This demonstrates the high simplicity of the proposed structure.For demonstration,an eight-way differential phase shifter operating at 3.5 GHz was implemented using the vertically installed planar structure.The prototype was further fabricated and measured.Good agreement between simulation and measurement can be observed.The implemented phase shifter can provide a wide range of phase shifting values from 45°to 315°with reference to the uniform reference line over a relative bandwidth of 62.3%.

A monolithic distributed phase shifter based on right-handed nonlinear transmission lines at 30 GHz

The epitaxial material, device structure, and corresponding equivalent large signal circuit model of GaAs planar Schottky varactor diode are successfully developed to design and fabricate a monolithic phase shifter, which is based on right-handed nonlinear transmission lines and consists of a coplanar waveguide transmission line and periodically distributed GaAs planar Schottky varactor diode. The distributed-Schottky transmission-line-type phase shifter at a bias voltage greater than 1.5 V presents a continuous 0°–360° differential phase shift over a frequency range from 0 to 33 GHz. It is demonstrated that the minimum insertion loss is about 0.5 dB and that the return loss is less than-10 dB over the frequency band of 0–33 GHz at a reverse bias voltage less than 4.5 V. These excellent characteristics, such as broad differential phase shift, low insertion loss, and return loss, indicate that the proposed phase shifter can entirely be integrated into a phased array radar circuit.

New Feedback Architecture for VCO-Based Delta-Sigma ADCs Utilizing Phase Shifter

The voltage controlled oscillator-based （VCO-based） continuous-time delta-sigma （CTDS） analog to digital converter （ADC） suffers from nonlinearity and mismatch in its feedback network. A new feedback network consisting of a phase shifter is proposed. The phase shifter replaces the digital to analog converter （DAC） in the proposed architecture. Feasibility of the proposed idea is discussed and its higher performance is illustrated through a behavioral simulation approach （CppSim）. We have also developed the phase shifter as a variable all-pass filter in the C language. The nonlinearity and mismatch of the system caused by DAC is mitigated, resulting in higher signal to noise ratio （SNR） and signal to noise and distortion ratio （SNDR）, respectively.

Theory study on a photonic-assisted radio frequency phase shifter with direct current voltage control

A photonic-assisted radio frequency phase shifter with direct current voltage control is proposed using a polymer- based integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator. A closed-form expression of radio frequency （RF） signal power and phase is given. Theoretical calculation reveals that by carefully setting the bias voltages, RF signal power variation lower than 1-dB and phase accuracy less than 3° can be achieved and are not degraded by perturbation of modulation index once the bias voltage drift is kept within -3% -- 3%.

Study of Liquid Phase Shifter for ICRF on EAST

A method of current drive with Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency （ICRF） on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokomak （EAST） is described. A variety of liquid silicon oil heights in the phase shifter will bring the phase difference to the current drive. It is found that the current drive can be achieved by using the phase shifter. The liquid phase shifter is one of the impedance matching systems too.

Experimental demonstration of a fast calibration method for integrated photonic circuits with cascaded phase shifters

With the development of research on integrated photonic quantum information processing,the integration level of the integrated quantum photonic circuits has been increasing continuously,which makes the calibration of the phase shifters on the chip increasingly difficult.For the calibration of multiple cascaded phase shifters that is not easy to be decoupled,the resources consumed by conventional brute force methods increase exponentially with the number of phase shifters,making it impossible to calibrate a relatively large number of cascaded phase shifters.In this work,we experimentally validate an efficient method for calibrating cascaded phase shifters that achieves an exponential increase in calibration efficiency compared to the conventional method,thus solving the calibration problem for multiple cascaded phase shifters.Specifically,we experimentally calibrate an integrated quantum photonic circuit with nine cascaded phase shifters and achieve a high-precision calibration with an average fidelity of 99.26%.

A 60 GHz Phased Array System Analysis and Its Phase Shifter in a 40 nm CMOS Technology

A 60 GHz phased array system for mm wave frequency in 5G is introduced and a 5 bit digitally controlled phase shifter in 40 nm CMOS technology is presented.In a phased array system,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)of the receiver is improved with the beaming forming function.Therefore,the communication data rate and distance are improved accordingly.The phase shifter is the key component for achieving the beam forming function,and its resolution and power consumption are also very critical.In the second half of this paper,an analysis of phase shifter is introduced,and a 60 GHz 5 bit digitally controlled phase shifter in 40 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)technology is presented.In this presented phase shifter,a hybrid structure is implemented for its advantage on lower phase deviation while keeping comparable loss.Meanwhile,this digitally controlled phase shifter is much more compact than other works.For all 32 states,the minimum phase error is 1.5°,and the maximum phase error is 6.8°.The measured insertion loss is-20.9±1 dB including pad loss at 60 GHz and the return loss is more than 10 dB over 57-64 GHz.The total chip size is 0.24 mm^2 with 0 mW DC power consumption.

A new broadband differential phase shifter fabricated using a novel CRLH structure

Broadband phase shifters are mostly proposed and fabricated based on the scheme proposed by Shiffman, which uses a coupled line with far ends connected together and a uniform transmission line to give a differential phase shift. Based on the unique dispersion property of the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial structure, a new configuration is presented in this paper for fabricating the broadband differential phase shifter, which employs a novel CRLH metamaterial structure as one of the differential phase-shift arms, instead of the conventional coupled line. The new circuit can achieve a phase shift of 90° in an operational bandwidth as broad as one octave and its phase deviations are quite small. An original design of the novel broadband phase shifter is presented, in which the artificial CRLH structure was implemented by microstrip quasi-lumped elements. Both the simulated and measured results of the 90° broadband differential phase shifter are presented.

Dispersion suppression scheme for Mach-Zehnder interferometer based interleaver using phase shifter

To suppress the dispersion effect, an improved scheme was proposed for Mach-Zehnder intefferometer （MZI） based interleaver. The device consists of an MZI, a fiber loop （FL）, and a phase shifter inserted in FL. The introduction of π phase shifter into FI, dramatically suppresses the dispersion effiect. Then the transmission response remains square-like shape, with low frequency deviation and high extinction ratio. Moreover, the lower frequency deviation is achieved by reducing the dispersion coefficient. For 100GHz-spacing interleaver, the 0.08nm deviation is reduced to 0.02nm by replacing G.652 with G.655.

Electro-Mechanical Phase Shifters Based on MEMS Structure

The aim of the study of phase shifter on MEMS （micro-electro-mechanical systems） structures was to minimize the dimensions of the design achievement. Also, the main task was to achieve the reliability and durability of the device. The calculation was based on the optimization technique （step by step） and the modeling of individual parts of the device, namely MEMS-keys that perform the main function--switching. The urgency of this problem is the development and study of one device as a universal, that is, automatically switches from two signals simultaneously. Designs are original and devises are the intellectual property of the authors. The program for modeling phase shifters Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio and its results are presented in the paper.

基于GaAs E/D PHEMT工艺的Ku波段双通道幅相控制多功能芯片

基于GaAs增强/耗尽型赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(E/D PHEMT)工艺设计了一款14~18 GHz的双通道多功能芯片。芯片集成了单刀双掷(SPDT)开关、6 bit数控移相器、4 bit数控衰减器和增益补偿放大器。采用正压控制开关以减小控制位数;优化移相、衰减和放大等电路拓扑结构,以获得良好的幅相特性;采用紧凑布局、双通道对称的版图设计,以实现小尺寸和高性能。测试结果表明,+5 V电压下,接收通道增益大于3 dB,1 dB压缩点输出功率大于8 dBm;发射通道增益大于1 dB,1 dB压缩点输出功率大于2 dBm;64态移相均方根误差小于2.5°,16态衰减均方根误差小于0.3 dB,芯片尺寸为3.90 mm×2.25 mm。该多功能芯片可实现对射频信号幅度和相位的高精度控制,可广泛应用于微波收发模块。

基于加载线型的平面太赫兹移相器设计

移相器是相控阵系统中的重要组成器件,随着频率的增加,金属的趋肤深度及波导表面粗糙度对器件的影响不可忽略,会使移相器的损耗增加。对此,提出一种基于加载线型的平面太赫兹移相器。将2个枝节并联在微带线上,在并联枝节上加载开关二极管,调节两段枝节的电长度得到所需的移相量;控制开关的导通和断开,实现不同的移相角度。仿真结果表明,在192~210 GHz频带范围内,导通和断开的反射系数都小于-10 dB,插入损耗小于0.5 dB,移相误差小于5°,其中在5 GHz带宽范围内,移相误差小于1°。提出的平面型移相器,加工容易,成本低,便于系统集成化,在太赫兹相控阵系统中具有广泛的应用前景。

双温区脉管制冷机的制冷量主动调控策略

针对空间探测中须在双温区提供不同制冷量的新需求,提出利用声功回收主动调相器对双温区制冷量进行主动调控的方法.研究分析高温区调相器活塞运动特性对双温区冷指阻抗的影响,得到调相器对双温区冷指声功率分配及回热器效率的影响特性,实现80 K和40 K双温区制冷量主动调控.数值计算结果显示,调相器相位差对高温区制冷量影响较大,调相器振幅和相位差对低温区制冷量均有明显的影响.实验结果表明,采用基于主动控制调相器活塞运动特性的调节策略,80 K温区制冷量可以在9.2~23.7 W内主动调节,40 K温区制冷量可以在3.2~4.5 W内主动调节.

基于DP83640的秒脉冲移相器设计与实现

使用DP83640 IEEE 1588精密时间协议(PTP)收发芯片设计实现了一款秒脉冲精密移相器,它能与外部的标准秒脉冲(1 PPS)进行同步并进行精密相位微调,可应用于高精度相位微跃器。秒脉冲移相器采用DP83640芯片进行级联实现秒脉冲精密移相:利用ARM微处理器控制第二级DP83640实现与外部标准秒脉冲的相位粗调,控制第一级DP83640实现相位微调。相位调整时将外部输入的相位偏移量换算为8 ns整周期倍数的相位粗调值,以及不同时间长度档位的相位微调值,分别写入第二级和第一级DP83640共同实现高精度相位微跃。由于硬件电路特性和器件综合噪声的影响,经测试平均相位微跃准确度可以达到0.1 fs。

一种基于GaAs pHEMT工艺的18~40 GHz六位高精度数控移相器

基于0.15μm GaAs pHEMT工艺研制了一款工作频率为18~40 GHz的高精度六位数控移相器芯片。其中5.625°、11.25°和22.5°移相位采用了改进型的串并联电容移相结构,该结构可通过增加串联电感改善移相精度;45°和90°移相位采用了磁耦合全通网络型移相结构;180°移相位使用了基于串并联谐振结构的改进型移相器电路,拓展了移相器带宽,提高了移相精度。移相器芯片的实际加工面积为2.8 mm×1.4 mm。芯片的测试结果表明,在18~40 GHz频率范围内,移相精度均方根误差小于2.3°,移相寄生调幅均方根误差小于0.7 dB,全态损耗小于13.5 dB,全态输入、输出驻波分别小于1.7、1.9。

HFO_(2)铁电体薄膜移相器设计

移相器作为阵列天线的关键部件,用来调整阵列天线中各个天线单元之间的相位差,从而实现波束的扫描。基于传输线周期性加载可变电容理论,设计了一款工作于K波段的HFO_(2)铁电薄膜移相器。为了实现低插损和紧凑型,该移相器采用HFO_(2)铁电体薄膜材料,相比传统的BST材料,其有着更大的调谐率、厚度更薄且损耗角正切更低,容易集成,同时结合共面波导叉指电容结构设计,该移相器有非常紧凑的尺寸。通过改变HFO_(2)铁电材料的介电常数从而实现电容的变化,进而实现相位的调控。仿真结果表明,通过加入直流偏置电压改变铁电体薄膜的介电常数,该移相器在22 GHz频点的移相量为80°,最大插损为-2.5 dB,回波损耗优于-10 dB。

基于缺陷地慢波传输线结构的液晶移相器设计

为了实现低插损、大相位覆盖范围的加载缺陷地结构(DGS)的微带线液晶移相器,利用HFSS仿真软件对DGS微带线液晶移相器进行建模和仿真,通过改变DGS的形状来改变单个移相单元的色散特性,提升单个单元的移相能力,从而减少移相单元的使用数量,降低移相器传输线整体插损。以哑铃型DGS的液晶微带线移相器作为参考标准,比较了5种形状的DGS(哑铃型、减少DGS面积、一阶分形、三角形、交叉型)的移相能力和插损差异。仿真结果表明:下一阶分形和交叉型DGS微带线液晶移相器移相能力较好,最后对不同介电常数的移相器进行仿具观察其S参数和移相能力,进一步验证了这一结果。

太赫兹相控阵系统设计研究进展

太赫兹相控阵系统作为未来通信和雷达技术的核心支柱,在6G通信、卫星通信和超低延迟应用中具有广阔前景。本文综述了太赫兹相控阵系统的主要架构,包括中频移相、本振移相、基带移相和射频移相等方案,并分析了其在不同应用场景中的优缺点与技术挑战。特别关注基于CMOS工艺的太赫兹相控阵系统以及太赫兹相控阵收发器的研究进展,涵盖了从W波段到超过0.5 THz的设计突破。这些新兴技术为高频相控阵系统提供了新的设计思路,有望在未来超高速通信和低延迟应用中发挥关键作用。