Nursing and Midwifery Students’ Perception and Experiences of Mentorship: A Systematic Review

Background: Mentorship has been the model adopted by many countries to support learning and assessment of students in the clinical placement. It has remained uncertain whether or not it has a lot of positive benefits for the students’ experiences during placement as there have been divided opinions among researchers. Objective and review question: The objective of this qualitative systematic review was to explore the perceptions and experiences of nursing and midwifery students regarding mentorship during clinical placement. The question of the review was: what are the perceptions and experiences of nursing and midwifery students regarding mentorship during clinical placement. Methods and materials: Electronic data bases, journals and grey literature were searched for relevant studies and seven qualitative studies were systematically included in the review. The Joanna Briggs Institute-Qualitative Assessment and Review instrument (JBI-QARI) was used to critically appraise the studies. Data extraction was done using the JBI-QARI Data Extraction Tool. A thematic analysis was used to synthesise the findings. Findings: The findings suggest that there are still gaps within the mentorship programme that could have an impact on the students’ learning experiences during clinical placement. From the themes identified which include: need for feedback, hands on practice, continuity of mentorship and mentor-mentee relationship, the reviewers concluded that such areas of mentorship require attention in order to benefit the students. Conclusions: It can therefore be concluded that there are many lessons to be learnt in order to continue improving mentorship. It is also clear that mentorship will be beneficial to students if a good relationship is established between the mentor and mentee, as this is the beginning of the experience. All staff members should be willing to support students in learning for them to develop the knowledge, skill and attitudes that are necessary to their learning.

Experience of, and Perception on Gender Based Violence (GBV) by Pregnant Women in South Eastern Nigeria

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a common women’s sexual and reproductive right violation. Pregnancy could be associated with an increased risk of GBV. Objective: To determine the experience of, and perception on GBV by pregnant Nigerian women. Methodology: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study involving 250 pregnant women from six selected health facilities in Anambra, Southeastern Nigeria was conducted to elicit their experience of, and perceptions on gender based violence. Data analysis employed statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Statistical comparison of variables employed Chi-square test, with significance levels comprising of p Results: Only 80 (32.0%) of the respondents were aware of GBV while 17 (6.8%) and 20 (8.0%) had experienced it in the index and previous pregnancies respectively. Physical violence was the most commonly experienced 18 (58.1%), while marital quarrel and drunkenness were the most commonly perceived causes, 21 (26.3%) apiece. Up to 33.7% of the respondents would report GBV to the law enforcement agencies;22.5% would seek medical attention and only 2.5% would do nothing. The most common source of information on GBV was public lecture (32.5%) followed by media (26.3%). As high as 49 (61.3%) of the respondents that are aware of GBV (N = 80), thought that GBV could be prevented while up to 53 (66.3%) were aware of the strategies for its prevention. Conclusion: Awareness of GBV in this study is low (32.0%) while experience is even lower at 6.8%, and 8.0% for the index and previous pregnancies respectively. Information on prevention strategies for GBV is also low. The need to develop comprehensive reproductive health (RH) policy that incorporates GBV and its management, to be taught in educational institutions is highlighted. The importance of public health lectures and the employment of various media platforms as reproductive right enlightenment modalities, towards creating awareness on the prevention and combat of GBV are also highlighted.

Illness Narrative: Perceptions and Lived Experiences of Kidney Recipient Clients in Shanghai, China

Terminal kidney disease is a life threatening condition and cause for loss of hope to affected individuals. It affects the individuals physically as well as mentally. The advancement in medical knowledge and technology in transplant surgery has steadily increased the number of kidney recipients. This offers hope for the new lease of life and a wide range of perceptions and experiences with self, society and the new organ. There is minimal research on perceptions and lived experiences of kidney transplant recipients. This study explored the perceptions and lived experiences of individuals with a kidney problem living with a kidney transplant in Shanghai, China. Five in-depth interviews were conducted with five clients. The participant’s age ranged from 25 to 45 years. There were three females and two males. Content analysis using NVivo (11.0) software was applied in data analysis. The findings revealed improved quality of life among kidney recipients;however the clients had low knowledge levels on the condition as well as self care practices in the post transplant period. This caused a lot of psychosocial stress in the clients. The post kidney transplant management strategies should include effective education programs to increase awareness on the condition and self care practices so as to reduce factors associated with psychosocial stress in order to improve the quality of life for the clients in the post kidney transplantation period.

Perceptions and Experiences of Adult Learners of Online Learning in the Era of COVID-19 in Ghana

The COVID-19 Pandemic has undoubtedly affected learners,and as such,adjustments need to be made for successful teaching and learning through online learning.However,in Ghana,the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic did not spare adult learners who are compelled by educational reforms to upgrade themselves academically using online learning platforms.Using a descriptive design,the study explored the perceptions and experiences of 166(online data collection)adult learners as they pursue their academic programs through online learning.An adapted questionnaire on perceptions and online learning experiences developed by Khan,Nabi,Khojah,and Tahir(2021)was used for the data collection.The Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique was used to analyse the data.The study revealed that respondents felt confident while using online learning content but refuted that those technologies permit them to take tests and submit assignments electronically.Furthermore,the study revealed that online learning service was making the learning process very simplified.The revelation means that adult learners possess positive experiences and perceptions about online learning.Therefore,online teaching and learning in higher education institutions should be made a routine activity in Ghana even after the COVID-19 Pandemic because the world is approaching a technological world.

Impacts of COVID-19 on tourism and management response from Banff National Park,Canada

The COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to the tourism sector globally.We investigated changes in visitor demographics,satisfaction level,and its determinants pre-and peri-COVID-19.Data were collected using questionnaire surveys in 2019 and 2021 within Banff National Park(BNP).The data analyses were based on a sample size of 1183 respondents by conducting factor analysis,correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis.Results highlight that there were fewer international visitors and more local and domestic visitors during the pandemic.Park attributes were evaluated at a higher satisfaction level peri-COVID-19.The quality of the Park facilities and services were the most important satisfaction determinants pre-and peri-COVID-19,and all the Park COVID-19 measures and actions received positive experience from visitors.This research fills this knowledge gap by developing a better understanding in the change of visitor demographics and satisfaction level in BNP under the context of the pandemic.It also provides implication for both scholars and practitioners to understand the impacts of the pandemic on Park visitation.The study can provide insights for utilizing the pandemic as a transformative strength and for mitigating its negative impact on tourism industry.

Place Experience of Landscape Sculptures

Human beings rely on natural instinct to feel the world from the beginning of life, the experience in the spatial place reveals the essential point contacting man and environment, also sublimates the relationship between man and environment. To deepen the understanding of the experience in the spatial place, we shift the origin of environmental landscape design from "design environment" to "design experience". The essence of experience is to arouse perception, such as senses, emotions, spirits, thinking, action to participate, among which "form, space, quality" as the carrier of landscape sculpture's place spirit and experience co-form a complete spatial place imagery of landscape sculpture. Place experience makes people able to experience a more detailed and richer world, these construction activities bring innovation consciousness with inner vitality, and detail the means of man observing the world while seeking a pluralistic world.

Elderly African Americans Insights on the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception and Personal, Social, and Cultural Factors

This exploratory study examined elderly African Americans attitudes on the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying their perceptions of risk based personal, social, and cultural factors. It seeks to understand their insights toward public health pandemic response initiatives and other efforts to mitigate COVID-19 outbreak response measures impacting elderly African Americans, including policies, interventions, and public information/communication. The effectiveness of pandemic response measures and community caregiving support for the elderly African Americans was examined as well. Respondents in this study were a convenient sample of 60 residents predominantly in a Midwestern metropolitan area. Respondents were eligible for study participation if 1) there were 60 years and over and, 2) African American or people of African descent. A mixed research method design comprising focus groups and online survey was used to collect the data for the study. The respondents characterized the impact of the coronavirus as a personal, family, and community loss (e.g., less socially engaged and burdensome). An overwhelming majority (98.3%) expressed no worries about getting health care if they or their family members needed it. A sizable number of respondents expressed the need for all to be tested to help prevent the spread of the virus.

Predictors and Risk Perceptions of Using Cell Phones while Driving among Young Adult Drivers

The Philippines is expecting a rise in the number of drivers that use mobile phones while driving.It is known as the“texting capital of the world”.The objectives of this study were to determine the predictors,risk perceptions and the prevalence of cell phone use while driving among trainee residents of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital.This cross-sectional study employed total enumeration.A survey was first distributed to the target population,followed by a focus group discussion.Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze data.Included in the final analysis were 175 drivers aged 25-30 years(mean=27.90+1.34).There was no significant difference in the risk perceptions of cell phone users vs.non-users,and most perceived hands-free devices safer to use(p=0.030).The reported prevalence is 90.68%;drivers have a significant overall unsafe attitude(p=0.007),and an unsafe attitude when using handsets when driving,even when this is known to be dangerous(p=0.003).In conclusion,driving with hands-free devices was perceived to be safer,although drivers have a high overall unsafe attitude.Driving for more than two years and having an unsafe attitude were found to be significant predictors of cell phone use while driving.Countermeasures must take into account these factors when instituting behavioral modification strategies and road safety policies concerning unsafe and distracted driving.

基于脑电信息的图感认知响应规律及其量化分析方法

“图”是人类感知世界的重要媒介,图感认知是大脑认知思维中平面图元与三维形体间形成有效转换的关键通道,但人脑在接受图形输入、完成认知处理并实现知识输出的过程是认知心理学和脑科学交叉学科。目前缺乏充分的研究方法和理论基础,因此针对图感认知过程不清晰及认知分析方法缺乏等问题,根据认知事件的脑电位相关性理论,以二维投影图和三维模型为图感认知对象,设计脑电认知测试实验并分析P300电位变化情况。结果表明:图感认知相关部位主要为大脑的前半部分左额叶位置;P300电位值可以用于反映大脑的图感认知程度,大脑对图像内容的接受能力越强,P300电位峰值越低。对比不同样本P300电位变化,可对图感认知过程进行分析,形成对图感认知能力的量化分析方法,提高图感认知内容对大脑的输入效率,对揭示图感输入和认知机理具有启示意义,并为图像交互深度应用反馈优化提供有效依据。

川藏南线自驾游客情感体验的特征与影响机制

以流动性体验为核心的旅游形式在全球化背景下日益流行。作为大尺度流动型旅游形式典型代表的长途自驾游,因冒险、追逐自由、私密、个性化、高不确定性等特征,赋予了游客独特且复杂的情感体验。目前,学界尚缺乏从更为系统的视角关注大尺度流动情境下游客情感体验的特征、前因与影响机制的实证研究。文章基于景观感知理论,采用定量研究与定性研究相结合的方法,以川藏南线(318国道成都至拉萨段)的自驾游客为研究对象,分析游客在大尺度流动情境下的情感体验特征与影响机制。文章发现:1)自驾游客的积极情感体验未达强烈水平,情感体验(尤其是积极情感体验)伴随着自驾这一流动性实践呈现出动态变化的波动特征,且涉及多个维度;2)基于自我需要满足与否、满足程度如何这一标准,自驾游客与环境的互动(包含两组类型、6类特征)促进了他们上述情感体验的产生,并通过动态反馈机制持续影响了情感体验。上述研究发现不仅完善了有关游客情感体验前因和影响机制以及自驾入藏旅游体验的实证研究体系,还为目的地的管理与营销提供了思路。

食品安全风险伤害与风险交流对消费者风险感知的综合影响——以跨境电商为例

探讨消费者食品安全风险感知形成机理并科学引导,对推动我国食品产业高质量发展具有重要作用。区别于以往单一维度的研究,从风险的客观存在与主观构建的二重性出发,以跨境电商为研究情境探讨食品安全风险场域(风险伤害与风险交流)对消费者风险感知的影响机制。实验结果表明:食品安全风险场域显著影响消费者风险感知,相较于风险伤害,风险交流对消费者风险感知的影响更为显著,且在女性群体和含低龄人口或高龄人口的家庭中更为显著。食品安全关注度在风险场域影响消费者风险感知的路径中发挥“遮掩效应”;平台情境在风险场域与食品安全关注度的因果关系间起负向调节效应。

患者及家属医院文化知晓与体验感现况及影响因素分析

目的研究了解患者及家属医院文化知晓与体验感并分析其影响因素,为从需方视角优化医院品牌文化提供实证依据。方法基于课题组研制的患者及家属医院文化知晓与体验感量表调查样本医院患者及家属对医院文化的知晓与体验状况,采用多元线性回归模型分析影响因素,并构建结构方程模型探讨文化知晓、服务感知和价值认可的关系。结果共收集到4783份有效问卷。患者及家属医院文化知晓与体验感总体得分率为80.0%,但文化知晓得分率仅为65.0%;年龄、常住地、最近一次本院住院时间是体验感的影响因素。结构方程模型结果显示:文化知晓正向影响服务感知,但轻微负向影响价值认可,服务感知正向影响价值认可。结论患者及家属对医院文化知晓与体验感良好,但文化知晓程度较差。建议加强以患者需求为导向的医院文化宣传,将医院特色文化融入患者就医全过程,强化患者及家属服务感知,促进医院文化价值认可,提升其医院文化体验感。

医务人员医院文化认知与体验感现况及影响因素分析

目的了解医务人员医院文化认知与体验感现况,并分析其影响因素,为进一步发挥医院文化建设对医务人员的激励作用、提高医务人员的工作积极性提供参考依据。方法基于课题组前期研制的医务人员医院文化认知与体验感量表,以样本医院医务人员作为调查对象开展问卷调查,采用描述性分析、单因素分析和多元线性回归研究医务人员医院文化认知与体验感及其影响因素。结果共收集到629份有效问卷。医务人员医院文化认知与体验感总体得分率超九成,其中,使命担当子量表得分率最高,得分较高的维度是愿景与目标,但对工作环境、晋升制度和科研环境的体验感相对较低。单因素分析结果显示:不同学历、职称和工作岗位医务人员医院文化认知与体验感得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医务人员普遍支持医院文化建设。建议以员工为主体、以目标、问题和需求为导向,制定医院文化发展策略,因人制宜持续提升医务人员对医院文化的认知与体验感,发挥文化建设对医院高质量发展的正向作用。

高龄产妇参与全球群组化保健的感受与体验的质性研究

目的深入了解高龄产妇对全球群组化保健(GCG)的体验与感知,进而为增强高龄产妇参与GCG的积极性和降低孕期并发症提供参考建议。方法采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对福建省妇幼保健院11例参与过GCG的高龄产妇进行半结构式访谈,运用Colaizzi七步法对访谈资料进行整理与分析,提炼主题。结果高龄产妇对GCG的感受和体验可归纳为3个主题:产妇赋能、愉悦的产前护理和对GCG的建议。结论高龄产妇对GCG的整体满意度较高,认为GCG有效提升了她们的孕期知识、自我效能感和安全感。为使GCG更加完善,医护团队应考虑进一步调整其内容流程。未来的研究可以探索GCG在其他孕妇群体中的潜在益处。

共睦态视角下旅行同伴对旅游体验质量的相互影响研究

旅行同伴是旅游者旅行活动的共同参与者,对旅游者的旅游体验具有重要影响。研究从共睦态视角出发,基于活动理论和驱动理论构建“旅行同伴影响感知-旅游涉入-旅游体验质量”的研究模型,运用扎根技术、问卷调查和结构方程模型探讨旅行同伴影响感知对旅游体验质量的相互影响以及旅游涉入在此过程中的中介效应。研究发现:(1)旅游者对旅行同伴影响感知可从感知情感价值、感知功能价值、感知社交价值、感知认知价值和感知约束5个维度表征;(2)旅行同伴对旅游体验质量的影响中,感知情感/功能/社交/认知价值直接显著正向影响旅游者涉入和旅游体验质量;(3)旅游涉入在旅游者对旅行同伴感知情感/功能/社交/认知价值与旅游体验质量的关系中发挥部分中介效应;(4)感知约束对旅游涉入和旅游体验质量的直接负面影响,以及通过旅游涉入影响旅游体验质量的中介作用均未通过显著性检验。最后从产品优化、情感营销、市场开发等方面提出对策建议。

多维感知视角下的多元景观研究进展

为尊重人居环境中景观以人为本、服务于人的体验之核心,从人感知景观的多维视角出发,梳理了多元景观的概念、缘起及其主要研究方法,归纳了实地调研法、实验室研究法、文献研究法的具体运用。综述了多元景观目前研究进展,包括理论和实践研究、多元景观的交互和融合研究、多维感知条件下多元景观的相互影响及多元景观的时空特征,以期为多元景观的研究发展和实践应用提供全面的背景参考。最后,对多元景观未来的实践与研究进行展望。

人格特质对非注意视盲和安全风险感知失败的影响:来自眼动试验的证据

非注意视盲是一种与选择性注意或不注意有关的人因失误。为减少建筑工人高空作业非注意视盲导致的安全事故,选取30名被试参与一项试验,分析非注意视盲在安全风险感知失败中的重要性,以及影响非注意视盲和安全风险感知失败的人格特质相关因素,建立实用的安全管理策略。结果表明:非注意视盲占安全风险感知失败的50%。另外,人格特质与非注意视盲和安全风险感知失败有明显的关系,外向性、严谨性和开放性与非注意视盲和安全风险感知失败有显著的相关关系;低外向性、高严谨性和低开放性的作业人员拥有更低的安全风险感知失败和非注意视盲的比例。

校园景观的情感化设计——以本科生课程教学为例

景观设计教学需要不断捕捉研究热点和探索前沿问题,并付诸教学实践。将情感价值作为建成景观的评价标准和景观设计的目标之一,以本科生“校园景观的情感化设计”学生科研培训(SRT)项目为例,通过课程的教学设计、数据解读、设计转化等过程,引导学生从本能水平、行为水平、反思水平层面理解景观的情感价值。并结合艺术院校学生的优势与特点,推导出改善景观情感价值的途径,提出校园景观的情感设计方法和策略。教学将传统的实地调研法与感知数据分析方法相结合,强调景观情感设计转化的能力。不仅探索了设计教学的方法与途径,而且提出了对景观理解的新维度和景观设计的新思路。

地方感知视角下非物质文化遗产景区品牌评价研究

非物质文化遗产景区品牌化已成为获取竞争优势的重要途径,旅游者对塑造成功品牌具有关键驱动作用,如何提升旅游者品牌评价值得深入探讨。该文以非遗景区品牌建设为背景,基于571份游客有效问卷数据,探索游客个人怀旧倾向、非遗旅游体验质量与景区品牌评价之间的关系,并纳入地方性感知探讨其内在机制。结果表明:旅游者的非遗旅游体验质量与个人怀旧倾向均对景区品牌评价产生显著正向影响,地方性感知发挥部分中介作用;旅游者个人怀旧倾向对非遗旅游体验质量具有显著正向影响,非遗旅游体验质量在个人怀旧倾向与地方性感知、景区品牌评价的关系间起部分中介作用。围绕非遗产品对景区品牌的增值作用,形成对“非遗进景区”的产品选择、文化塑造及体验提升等方面的相关启示与建议,将是促进非遗景区品牌长远发展的重要考量。