Family Environment Factors to Impact on the Effect of the Smoking Prevention Educational Program for Elementary and Junior High School Students

Smoking is a major health problem in many countries. It has been reported on the effects of education on youth with a reduced smoking rate and developed awareness of avoiding smoking verified as a result of educational intervention. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between sex, school age, and family smoking and the effectiveness of smoking prevention education program (SPEP) as factors that impact the effectiveness of SPEP in elementary school and junior high school students. The participants in this survey were 6676 students, who attended elementary and junior high schools in Tokushima Prefecture between 2011 and 2015, and attended the SPEP. As factors that influence the effectiveness of the SPEP, we examined school types, sex, smokers in the family. Participants were asked the following questions before and after the SPEP to measure awareness of and attitudes toward smoking: “intention not to smoke cigarettes as adults”, “intention to refuse cigarettes when offered”, “attitude of staying away from smokers”, and “desire that their family will not smoke”. The number of survey collected was 6676, with effective responses from 5974 (90%). Among the 5974, there were 2963 (50%) males and 3011 (50%) females, 5106 elementary school students (86%), and 868 junior high school students (15%). In the case of smoker mother, it was difficult to improve these children’s “intention not to smoke as adults”, “intention to refuse cigarettes when offered”, and smoker father, it was difficult to improve these children’s “attitude of staying away from smokers”, and “desire that their family will not smoke”. Especially, in the case of smoker parents, it was particularly difficult for the SPEP to be effective in improving awareness of and attitudes toward smoking among elementary and junior high school students.

Primary Dysmenorrhea;Prevalence, Treatment Practices and Impact among High School Students in 2 Secondary Schools in Bafoussam

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as pelvic pain during menstrual flow in the absence of a pelvic pathology. It is one of the most common gynaecological complaints worldwide and the most common cause of school and work absenteeism among menstruating females. In adolescent students the impact includes reduced attention in class, inability to study at home, school absenteeism among others. Yet these students have to study at the same pace as their peers, raising the concern of whether the problems caused by primary dysmenorrhea have an effect on academic their academic performance. Aim: Determine the prevalence, treatment practices and impact of primary dysmenorrhea on the studies of post-pubertal high school students in Bafoussam. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study design using a two-stage sampling method;the first stage was by convenience to choose the school, and the second stage was consecutive to recruit the students. Data was collected using a semi-structured pretested self-report and anonymous questionnaire. Analysis was done using software IBM®SPSS statistics version 23 for windows. Categorical variables were summarised in to frequencies and percentages while the comparison of categorical variables was done using a Chi-square test, and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: our sample size was 898 and the mean age of our respondents (±SD) was 17.6 (±1.6) years. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 71.9%, with 11.6% mild pain, 52.5% moderate pain and 35.9% severe pain on a visual analogue scale. Over 38% did not attempt pain-relieving measures while others took analgesics, traditional preparations, heat packs among others. Among these students, 39% reported school absenteeism due to pain, other impacts were decreased attention in class, inability to study at home during pain and punishment from school authorities for failing to fulfil certain duties like assignments not done or absenteeism because of pain. Though a greater proportion of students without dysmenorrhea had pass scores than their counterparts, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Given these findings, school officials may benefit from considering dysmenorrhea in the context of improving their school attendance rates and academic performance of their students.

On Cultivating Students' Ability of Listening Comprehension in Senior High School in the Northwest of Guangxi

Nowadays, the role of listening course is changed and listening teaching begins to gain high priority in foreign language learning and teaching. However, the English level of students in China is still poor, especially in the northwest of Guangxi. One of the reasons is that teachers in senior high schools have a tendency to ignore listening, because they think that listening is time-consumed. They have to finish the teaching scheme punctually, though listening is the basic and important skill among the other three skills, listening teaching gains no large progress.

The Correlation between Explicit Grammatical Knowledge,Implicit Grammatical Knowledge and Reading Comprehension Ability of Senior High School Students

The role of grammar in language teaching has always been the question that researchers debate.In recent years,grammar knowledge has been distinguished in the foreign language acquisition research,namely the implicit knowledge and the explicit knowledge(Dai Manchun 2005;Gu Qiyi 2005).As to the reaserch of implicit and explicit grammar knowledge as well as their measurement,it is easy to find that many scholars have studied the role of two different kinds of grammar knowledge in second language development.But the research on the role of implicit and explicit grammar knowledge in second language reading comprehension is too few,not to mention the research on the role of implicit and explicit grammar knowledge in English reading comprehension in the senior high school.The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between implicit and explicit grammatical knowledge and English reading comprehension ability of senior high school students.In addition,since the vocabulary is important to reading comprehension,this factor will also be considered in the study.

Influence of Parental Rearing Patterns on School Bullying Behavior of Junior High School Students

Bullying,as an aggressive behavior,has become a common phenomenon among junior high school students.The occurrence of bullying behavior can have a serious negative impact on the mental health of junior high school students.Some students even suffer from psychological problems such as depression and anxiety.Many research results at home and abroad show that personality is an important factor affecting bullying behavior.In this case,this study explores the impact of parental rearing patterns on school bullying behavior.Improving the parenting styles of junior high school students and their parenting level has become an practicable practical approach to prevent the problem of school bullying.

The Relationship between Academic Performance, Achievement Motivation and Career Adaptability of Chinese High School Students

Given the importance of career adaptability to personal career and success,there is growing interest in how to cultivate youth's career adaptability in schools.This study explores the predictors of career adaptability and examines the mediating role of academic performance in the relationship between achievement motivation and career adaptability.Using the survey data of 147 Chinese high school students,a series of regression models find that academic motivation and academic performance have significant effects on career adaptability,as well as its four dimensions namely career concern,career control,career curiosity,and career confidence.Structural equation modeling further shows that achievement motivation can not only directly affect career adaptability,but also indirectly affect career adaptability through academic performance after controlling for the effects of gender,location,parent education,and family social and economic status.Research limitations and practical implications are finally discussed.

Family is the most influential factor on happiness in high school students

This study is to investigate the influential factors on the happiness of high school students with questionnaires in Guangdong province. The results show that family, health, character, life, ideal, learning, friend, education, leisure are the influential factors on happiness. Among these influential factors, family is the most influential factor on high school students’ happiness, followed by health.

Motivations Underlying the Snack Choices of Japanese Junior High School Students: A Study Based on Cluster Analysis

The aims of the present study were to group junior high school students according to factors influencing their snack choice and identify differences between the characteristics and snack choice behaviors of the groups. An anonymous self-report questionnaire was administered to 1936 students (13 - 15 years old) in eight junior high schools in Tokyo, Japan. The students responded to the Snack Choice Questionnaire (SCQ) as well as questions concerning snacking behaviors, lifestyles, and demographics. Cluster analysis was applied to sort the sample according to SCQ scores. Each cluster’s characteristics were examined by gender using the χ2 test or the Kruskal-Wallis test with a Bonferroni adjustment. Participants were divided into four groups: high in all factors, low in all factors, low value in health, and value in health. The “value in health” group was composed of more girls than boys and the “low in all factors” group had fewer girls than boys. Those in the “high in all factors” and “low value in health” groups indicated that they consumed more snacks. Moreover, gender differences were revealed. By assessing the SCQ prior to providing nutrition education, we can obtain valuable information to make nutrition education planning.

Evaluation of Impact of Life-planning Skills Training among Senior High School Students in Shangcai County

Objective To evaluate the impact of sex and reproductive health education using lifeplanning skills training among senior high school students in a rural county. Methods The study was conducted in three senior high schools of Shangcai County with comparable socio-cultural, economic, and demographic characteristics, two as intervention sites and one as the control. A three-month life-planning skills training course was conducted among all grade one students in the intervention schools. The baseline survey was conducted prior to the intervention, once again three months after the intervention was initiated. Data were collected through questionnaires, FGDs and 1Dis to evaluate the effect of the intervention program. Results After the intervention, the median score of reproductive health knowledge was higher in the intervention group （55.66） than that in control group （38.68）. Students from the intervention group were also more comfortable with their developmental changes which were going through, In the end line survey, 92.70% of the students in the intervention group suggested that reproductive health education should be carried out among all middle school students in Shangcai County. Multivariate analysis also indicated that peers and family had a significant effect on students＇ sex-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Conclusion Sex and reproductive health education via provision of life-planning skills training can significantly increase students＇ sex and reproductive health knowl- edge and was welcomed by students, teachers and parents.

Assessment of Environmental Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior among High School Students in a USA Southeast Texas School District

This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed general environmental health literacy among students focusing on their knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors regarding the environmental health, stewardship, and sustainability, using a questionnaire consisting of 35 core questions from the Centers for Diseases Control (CDCs). Students (N = 185) from three high schools in the district were asked through their class teachers to voluntarily complete the questionnaire. Results indicated that about 41% (n = 77) of the students lacked knowledge regarding potential sources of radiation exposure and 70% (n = 133) lacked knowledge regarding radon gas being the number one risk factor for lung cancer among non-smokers. Additionally, the ANOVA test indicated significant knowledge differences among school location. Students in school #1, located in the most affluent area, had significantly higher knowledge scores (M = 4.39) than school #2 located in a moderately affluent area (M = 3.50). Furthermore, we found significant differences in ethnicity on the environmental health attitude of the high school students. Black students reported lower positive environmental health attitude (M = 29.86) than White students (M = 32.63), Hispanic students (M = 32.33) and Asian students (M = 33.84). These findings demonstrated knowledge deficiency in some key areas in environmental health particularly the environmental diseases and conditions caused by manmade hazards such as pesticides, chemicals, radiation, air, water, and soil pollution. Targeted educational interventions to increase awareness and understanding of health effects, exposure to environmental hazards and carcinogens as well as risks associated to direct exposure as in this study, radon and radiation, should be provided to high school students. Practical education through tours where students can observe directly and participating in laboratory experiments could empower the students to translate this knowledge into positive environmental health behaviors and practices now and in the future.

Reliability and validity of the hidden hunger assessment scale in China-revised for high school students

Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves more attention among adolescents,given its vital role in their growth and development;however,this problem appears to have been largely ignored.High school students,in particular,are often at a high risk of hidden hunger but have limited assessment tools available.Therefore,this study aims to revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students(HHAS-HSS)in China and assess its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on a literature review,expert consultation,pre-experiment,and formal survey,a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students.The formal survey involved 9336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province,China,and 9038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis.The item analysis,internal consistency reliability,test-retest reliability,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined.Results:The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items:"vegetables and food diversity"(three items),"fruits and dairy products"(three items),"micronutrient-dense foods"(four items),and"health condition and eating habits"(two items).The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758,a split-half reliability of 0.829,and a test-retest reliability of o.793,indicating good internal consistency.Using the Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test(KMO)to test the exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS,the KMO0 value was 0.820(P<0.001),which indicated the possibility for factor confirmatory factor analysis.Using the maximum variance rotation method,four factors were obtained,and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%.Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions,and the fitting indices were x^(2)=1417.656,x^(2)/df=29.534,goodness-of-fit index=0.974,adjusted goodnessof-fit index=0.958,parsimonious goodness-of-fit index=0.600,normed fit index=0.938,incremental fit index=0.940,Tucker-Lewis index=0.917,comparative fit index=0.939,and root mean square error of approximation=0.056.Except for x^(2)/df,all the indices reached the fitting standard,and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale reached an acceptable level.Conclusions:The HHAS-HSS has good validity and reliability for Chinese high school students.It is a convenient self-report measure of hidden hunger risk.

A Literature Review regarding Cervical Cancer Prevention Targeting Junior and Senior High School Students

Objective: To understand the state of education for the prevention of cervical cancer and trends in research. The subject of cervical cancer prevention will be examined. Method: Articles from the ICHUSHI Web version 5, CiNii, and PubMed databases for the period from 2009-2019 were used. Search terms used were cervical cancer, HPV/human papillomavirus, prevention, public awareness, and education. Results: 17 articles (9 Japanese and 8 English) were analyzed. The majority of students had heard of cervical cancer but did not know of the link between it and HPV. Vaccinated individuals were significantly more likely to have deeper knowledge regarding cervical cancer and HPV. Various factors affect the vaccination rate. These include knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer, age, ethnicity, the organization or location which administers the vaccine, how to breach the subject, finances, and the opinions of friends and family. In particular, consultations with parents lead to mothers recognizing the importance of the vaccine. By way of educational intervention, opinions have grown more positive about advancing awareness, being vaccinated, and having cervical cancer screenings for the future. Conclusion: The prevention of cervical cancer requires support and fostering the judgement based on sufficient awareness and adequate education. What we need is educational intervention rooted firmly in the current societal climate aimed not only at students, but at their parents as well.

Exploring Senior High School Students’ English Academic Resilience in the Chinese Context

While academic resilience has been a hot topic in positive psychology,there is still scope for researchers to explore it in the field of applied linguistics.Drawing on the framework of L2(second language) learners’ resilience proposed by T.Y.Kim and Y.K.Kim(2017),the current study aims to examine senior high school students’ English academic resilience(EAR) and its relationship to their English achievement(EA).This study comprises a survey of 454 senior high school students.Follow-up interviews were carried out to triangulate the quantitative findings.The descriptive results demonstrate that students’ EAR is above the average,and its five subscales obtain medium to medium-higher levels due to the mean scores.It shows that students have good EAR that enables them to deal with academic adversity.The correlational analysis shows a low positive correlation between EAR and EA in general,and the subscales share medium to low correlations with students’ EA.EAR has a certain influence on EA,but the correlation may be influenced by other learner variables.Based on the results,suggestions on improving students’ EAR are provided.

A Study on Senior High School Students＇ English Reading Barriers and Strategies

Referring to the questionnaire surveys and literature materials, this paper tries to discuss the causes of high school students＇ English reading barriers and its possible strategies to improve their English reading ability. This paper used a questionnaire survey to collect data with 188 grade one high school students as research subject. The result shows English reading barriers are mainly divided into two parts, language factors and non-language factors. Language factors include vocabulary barriers, grammar barriers, discourse barriers and culture background barriers. Non-language factors mainly include psychological factors, reading habits, reading interest and reading strategies. It is suggested that joint efforts from teachers and students are needed to solve the reading barriers. Teachers should help students increase vocabulary accumulation, strengthen grammar knowledge, develop their discourse comprehension skills and teach culture knowledge in class. Students need to overcome psychological factors, develop good reading habits, do a series of trainings on reading, give immediate feedbacks and sum up reading experiences.

Exploration of Combining Strategy on Teaching Chinese as a Second Language Among American High School Students

Among different teaching methods in second language teaching, there are five different core relations： the relations between language and speech, between oral and written language, between foreign and native language, between integrity and individuality, between the use of foreign language and the development of intelligence. With a view on the entire structure of Chinese teaching and learning as a second language among American high school students and through scientifically conducting the five relations and subdividing the teaching purpose, contents, and objects, this paper will elaborate the strategy on selecting and combining different teaching methods in the whole Chinese teaching and learning process. The purpose of this paper is to greatly develop the effectiveness in teaching and learning Chinese as a second language through selecting appropriate strategies and integrating various advantages according to the teaching purpose, content, and the object.

Study of the Influence of the Chunking on Improving Speaking Ability Among Senior High Students

English speaking skill is one of the most important skills that senior high students need to obtain in learning English.However,there are still many problems existing in students’speaking practice.As a teaching and learning strategy,Chunking is now gradually used in English classroom and has received a positive feedback.Therefore,in this paper,the influence of Chunking on improving English speaking skill among senior high school students will be investigated and analyzed through the methods of questionnaire and the follow-up interview to answer four questions:(1)What effect does Chunking have on the oral fluency of high school students?(2)What effect does Chunking have on the oral accuracy of high school students?(3)What effect does Chunking have on the vocabulary?And(4)Does the English speaking performance relate to genders?After analyzing the results of questionnaire by the SPSS and summing up the interview record,we found that most of them agree the fact that the strategy of Chunking does benefit their oral fluency,oral accuracy,and vocabulary.Also,female students have higher scores than male students.

Cultivation of Intercultural Communicative Competence of Senior High School Students

With the trend of globalization in education and the strengthened position of English as a foreign language in China,the need to understand the cultural differences between Chinese and Western culture is becoming increasingly urgent,especially for the students in senior high schools in China.This paper is aimed to arouse the awareness of the urgency to improve the intercultural communication competence of the students in senior high school in China.It proposes four feasible and conducive suggestions for senior high schools in China to set up curriculum about Western culture to meet the needs of their students.

Art Museum Education Combined with Elementary and Junior High School

This thesis makes a discussion of the value of art museum education combined with elementary and junior high school education and explains its cooperation basis and activity manner. Meanwhile, it also gives suggestions related to art museum education combined with elementary and junior high school education in China.

The Analysis of Scaffolding Instruction Application in Senior High School English Writing Teaching —— Based on Students of Zuoyun High School in Datong

This study aims to investigate the relationship between English Writing achievement and scaffolding instruction with 100 Students from Zuoyun high school as subjects in a quantitative method.Results show that:1)On the whole,high school students have good use of scaffolding in English writing.2)The application of scaffolding instruction in high school English writing teaching has a significant positive correlation with English writing performance.3)On the whole,there is a significant difference in the application of the scaffolds in English writing between high and low-score group students.

Students' English Learning Anxiety in Senior High School

Since 1970s,the research on second language acquisition has been developed with times.The research focus of lLanguage teach ing has shifted from the study of how to teach students to how to learn for students,with particular attention to explore the influence that students'psychological factors such as learning motivation,learning attitude and learning anxiety have on learning outcomes.Among those emotional variables,anxiety is considered to be one of the most critical psychological variables.English classroom anxiety is different from the ordinary classroom anxiety and receives much attention from scholars.Horwiz(1986) pointed out that foreign language anxiety is a unique phenomenon in language learning.In China,English learning in senior high school is a very important period.It is a common phenomenon to see students behaving anxiously in the English class.Therefore,the anxiety in the English class of senior high school de serves attention.This paper will analyze the main reasons of students'anxiety and points out several effectively methods to relieve their anxiety so as to enhance English classroom teaching and learning effect.