Teaching Strategies Used for the Students' Individual Differences

One of the biggest problems teachers face is a lesson where the students are at different levels-some with quite competent English,some whose English isn't very good,and some whose English is only just getting started.Students from the same class are different from one another in many aspects such as aptitude,motivation,personality,and attitude.Teachers face this problem every day,so what are the possible ways of dealing with the situation.In this article,the author can suggest how can we teachers design classroom activities to cater for the students'individual differences.

Differences of the Silencing Effect at Cellular Level and Individual Level

[Objective]The aim was to compare the silencing effect of three vectors containing shRNA quartet of different lengths at cellular level and individual level.[Method]To silence EGFP gene,three shRNA quartets of 21,27 and 29 bp composed of hU6,mU6,h7SK and hH1 promoters were constructed and then cloned into silencing vectors.After the vectors were transfected into Vero cells or injected into mouse muscle,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA level of EGFP gene.[Result]All the three vectors showed better silencing effect;in which,the silencing effect at the cellular level was far higher than that at individual level.[Conclusion]Multi-site tandem expression shRNA may show better silencing effect;intramuscular injection maybe a transgenic method for baby mouse.

Analyzing the Differences in the Concepts of Love Between Korean and American Women Using the Female Characters in Kim Ji-young,Born in 1982 and The Sun Also Rises as Examples

This paper scrutinizes the differences in the conceptualization of love between Korean and American women.Grounded in an analysis of literary figures,Brett and Kim Ji-young,the study unravels the intricate interplay of cultural,historical,and societal forces shaping these perspectives.The contrasting landscapes of the United States,driven by ideals of freedom and individualism,and Korea,entrenched in Confucian values and collectivism,serve as crucibles for forming women’s roles,self-perception,and societal expectations.The examination extends to communication styles,illuminating the directness of American expression versus Korea’s reliance on formalism.Through this exploration,the paper illustrates the profound impact of cultural contexts on the intricate tapestry of love,offering a nuanced understanding of divergent viewpoints within a global context.

Individual Learner Differences and Second Language Acquisition

Learners differ,so does their language acquisition.Studies show there are several personality factors affecting the process of language of learning.This paper attempts to indicate these factors to help learners have a better understanding of their own learning.

Individual differences in English Learning Strategies

Some learners' personal factors, such as gender, major, motivation and language proficiency, influence the use of language learn- ing strategies. This paper reports the results of a survey study which investigates the individual differences and the employment of English learning strategies, examines the association between enjoyment and strategy use, motivation and strategy use, gender and strategy use, major and strategy use, English proficiency and strategy use.

Moderators of occupational pressure in female health professionals—Individual differences and coping skills

Individual differences and coping skills have influential impacts on stress process by influencing the eventual outcomes of the stressors, contributing to either wellbeing, or illness and negative experiences. The aim of this paper is to explore the individual differences and coping strategies of a cohort of women with health professionals’ occupational pressure. This is a cross-sectional survey, informed by the transactional model of stress and coping framework, and carried out on women health professionals (n = 203) from the Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Multiple regressions were conducted to examine the potential moderators of stress. Women Health Professionals reported stress with six out of eight organizational sources of pressure, with relationship being a key stressor. Their individual differences (mean + SD) were characterised by low drive (7.6 + 1.9-8.2 + 2.0), low personal influence (10.8 + 2.0 to 11.7 + 2.3), moderate control (13.4 + 3.4 to 16.3 + 2.4), and high impatience behaviour (19.1 + 3.8 to 20.4 + 3.3). With Coping strategy, the Life-work-balance coping is a significant positive predictor for five out of the nine outcomes of occupational pressure [state of mind (p ress management guideline to ameliorate stress amongst those vulnerable workers. Future studies to examine individual differences of these female-dominated professions across health setting are needed to better inform the pressure-at-work issues for the increasing Asian women health professionals.

Individual Differences in Blood Alcohol Concentrations after Moderate Drinking Are Mainly Regulated by Gastric Emptying Rate Together with Ethanol Distribution Volume

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) differs greatly among individuals, even when people of the same sex and age drink alcohol under the same drinking conditions. In this study, we investigated the main factors involved in the internal reg-ulation of individual differences in BAC, focusing on the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) genotype, blood acetal-dehyde concentration (BAcH), amount of habitual alcohol consumption, pharmacokinetic parameters of BAC, distribution volume of ethanol (Vd), and gastric emptying rate (GER) under the same drinking conditions. Twenty healthy Japanese males aged between 40 and 59 years old and having the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype of ALDH 2*1/*2 were recruited for this study. The subjects were given 0.32 g ethanol/kg body weight in the form of commercially available beer (5%, v/v). The results showed that BAC-max differed greatly among individuals with a more than two-fold variation. When the BAC-time curve was compared among ADH1B genotypes (ADH1B*1/*1, *1/*2, and *2/*2), there were no differences in BAC among the genotypes. Although BAcH, monthly alcohol consumption, elimination rate of blood ethanol (β value) and ethanol disappearance rate from the body (EDR) can affect BAC, all of them had no correlations with BAC-max. However, Vd (liter/kg), ΔPlasma glucose concentration (ΔPGC = PGC30 min ? PGC0 min) and the serum concentration of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) did correlate with BAC-max. Model 2 in multiple linear regression analysis showed the optimal model for Vd and GIP with positive correlations with BAC-max. As GIP and ΔPGC are both reflected by gastric emptying rate (GER), we concluded that the individual differences in BAC after moderate drinking are mainly regulated by GER together with Vd. These findings demonstrate that together with body water content, the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in the regulation of individual differences in BAC, involving first pass metabolism of ethanol.

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING

Individual differences in foreign language learning have long been the concern of linguists and language teachers. Researches on this subject have been carried out in schools, universities and other educational institutions and great achievements have been made. As it is, there are many individual differences which affect the learning of foreign languages, such as intelligence, aptitude, motivation, personality, attitude,

The Effects of Individual Differences on English Vocabulary Learning

The English vocabulary study is a very complicated process,affected by lots of factors.This article will analyze several important individual differences among learners,such as,learning style,gender and learning strategy,exploring the most effective ways to expand English vocabulary.

Comparative Studies on Education in China and the USA——Differences between American and Chinese College Students

Awareness of differences between American and Chinese college students is surely important for us in international communication. The historical, social, economic, linguistic and spiritual contexts of China and America are profoundly different. Consequently, college students have shaped their lives and their identities in profoundly different ways, for example, academic studies, independence, teacher-student relationships, and life on campus. Though college students in different countries, he or she has their own mind and spirit with the cultural context in unique ways. We should respect their culture. Knowing the differences will help us communicate and understand the American college students better. Furthermore, we can learn from other’s strong points to offset our weakness. This paper discusses the differences between American and Chinese college students, it includes two parts, first one is a brief introduction, and second one is giving some ideas on differences between American and Chinese college students.

Individual differences in English Learning Strategies

Some learners' personal factors,such as gender,major,motivation and language proficiency,influence the use of language learning strategies. This paper reports the results of a survey study which investigates the individual differences and the employment of English learning strategies,examines the association between enjoyment and strategy use,motivation and strategy use,gender and strategy use,major and strategy use,English proficiency and strategy use.

Emotional categorization: Individual emotional differences and laterality effects in healthy and persons with multiple sclerosis

A study examining affective information processing in persons with Multiple Sclerosis and healthy adults was carried out. It was hypothesized that individual characteristics could modulate participants’ emotional categorization and reaction times for categorization decisions. For example, individuals with negative valenced emotional profile (e.g. anxious) should choose negative emotional alternatives faster and more frequently. Participants consisted of two different populations: 80 right-handed healthy French-speakers, and 40 right-handed French- speakers with multiple sclerosis. The results showed a positive correlation between high- level of negative emotional sensibility and emotional categorization (decision and decision speed) for affective information presented on the right-side of the screen. For all participants there were more frequent emotional choices and faster decisions for left-side presented emotional alternatives. It seems individuals’ emotional differences in general and in MS populations modulate hemispheric asymmetry of processing emotional judgments.

Differences in Self-Assessment Regarding Eating Behaviors among Female University Students Living in Japan, Korea, and Austria

Objective: To investigate cross-cultural differences in self-assessments of eating behaviors of female university students who bear responsibility for their own eating behaviors and who will, in the future, likely determine a family’s eating style. Design: A cross-cultural comparison. Setting: Japan, South Korea, and Austria. Subjects: Female university students from Japan (n = 276), Korea (n = 103), and Austria (n = 127). The survey comprised a questionnaire containing ten sections about eating behaviors (eating habits, regular meal times, and frequency of food intake) and eating attitudes. Results: Eating behaviors and attitudes differed significantly among the three cultures. Japanese students practiced healthier eating behaviors than did Korean and Austrian students, on the basis of their variety of food intake and regular consumption of three meals, but rated themselves lower on healthy eating behaviors. Austrian students tended to have more independent attitudes toward eating and food preparation (e.g., “I want to eat only my favorite dishes”) than Japanese or Korean students. Conclusions: Effects of cultural differences in psychological processes, such as self-cognition, emotion, motivation, and values, on self-assessment of eating behaviors is suggested.

Body Image Anxiety on University Students (Differences between Men and Women)

The aim of this research lies on comparing anxiety body image profiles between male and female university students. A total sample of 2089 freshmen—902 women and 1187 men is from the different degrees offered by the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, with an average age of 18.23 ± 0.74 years. The approach used in the research is part of a quantitative design with a survey description. The differences found between men and women regarding their own perception of anxiety suggest that when designing any kind of intervention that aims at the decreasingly perceived anxiety, the gender variable will have to be taken into account. Future investigations should respond to these discoveries in larger samples.

Similarities and Differences in the Underlying Factors Influencing Male and Female Students of Technical Universities in the Choice of Banks: Evidence from Takoradi Technical University, Ghana

Background: This paper is a follow up to an earlier one on a study that sought to determine the factors that, in general, influence Takoradi Technical University students’ selection of banks, given the keen competition in the banking sector in Ghana. Having found the said factors in the first study, and in the face of evidence of a difference in the factors that influence bank choice elsewhere with respect to sex, the study whose findings is the subject of this paper sought to establish whether there is any such dichotomy amongst Takoradi Technical University students. Objectives: The study sought to 1) determine the factors that influence the selection of banks by males, 2) determine the factors that influence the selection of banks by females, and 3) determine whether there are any differences and similarities between male and female students with respect to the factors that influence bank selection. Methods: Data was obtained from 545 students, comprising 364 male students and 181 female students through a cross-sectional survey and was analysed using the statistical method of factor analysis, having initially established through the chi-square test of independence that bank choice and sex are not independent. Results: Four (4) factors were identified as influencing bank selection amongst the female students as against six (6) in the case of the male students. The factors identified for the female students are Customer Experience, Third Party Influence, E-banking, and Access to ATMs and that for the male students are Secure E-banking, Customer Experience, Promotion Strategy, Intelligent Responsiveness, Access to ATMs and Third Party Influence. Conclusion: Male and female students of Takoradi Technical University differ with respect to some of factors that influence bank choice. Even for the factors that are common, the importance female students attach to them is not the same as that of male students. The factors male students consider when making bank choices appear to be more strategic and wide-ranging than the females, with the latter tending to place premium on customer experience more than the former.

Gender Differences in Quality of Attachment to God, Forgiveness, Altruism, and Mental Health in College and Seminary School Students

The aim of the current study was to investigate gender differences in quality of attachment to God, forgiveness, altruism and mental health in college and seminary school students as well. To fulfil the stated goal 993 individuals were selected by means of stratified sampling procedures and the following measures were distributed among them： Muslim-Spiritual Attachment Scale, Kin Altruism, Reciprocal Altruism Enright Forgiveness Inventory, and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised. Analysis of data using t test revealed significant differences between male and female students （/9 〈 0.01）. Moreover, data indicated that interpersonal sensitivity was higher in male students while somatization complains was higher among female students. Analysis of data showed that quality of secure attachment in female students were higher than male students （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, female students were higher in altruism, especially in domain of compassion （P 〈 0.05）. In addition female students were higher in perceiving God as a Safe Haven and providing them with comfort and tranquility. Moreover, females students were higher in altruism （p 〈 0.05）, and forgiveness （p 〈 0.01）. The analysis of data revealed that female students were higher in the secure attachment to God, sympathy toward others and they scored higher in somatization complain while male students were higher in the interpersonal sensitivity. Theoretical implication and practical application of findings have been discussed in the original paper. Findings in this project were consistent with body of research findings. Theoretical implication and practical usage of the current study was described in the original paper. Data revealed that female student were higher in secure attachment to God, altruism and forgiveness. Showing emotional stability and higher spirituality.

Research on the Gender and Age Differences of Middle School Students＇ Shame Sense

In order to ensure the existence of the gender and age differences of middle school students＇ shame, 1258 Shanghai middle school students are surveyed with the help of the Middle school students＇ shame measurement scale with the combination of delaminating and random sampling. The results of questionnaire show that there are significant gender differences in middle school students＇ shame and the average scores of male students＇ shame are higher than those of female students. Besides, there does exist significant age differences in middle school students＇ shame, but it is not simple linear relationship between the feeling of shame and ages. The feeling of shame reaches maximum at the age of 14 and intervention should be given at this age, which young students feel sensitive most. It is suggested that collective remission of the shame should be offered to middle school students with the methods such as physical exercises, persuasion etc.

Teacher's in-Class Feedback Based on Individual Learner Differences in EFL Writing Classroom

Studies on feedback in second language(L2) writing have mainly focused on feedback per se, with little attention paid tothe individual learner differences. This study investigates how teacher’s in-class feedback based on individual learner differencesaffects EFL students’correction of writings and students’attitude towards teacher’s in-class feedback based on their individualdifference, as well as the factors that influence teachers’feedback among three EFL students and an in-service English teacher byemploying interviews, classroom observations. The findings indicate that students pay more attention to their errors in their writingsand students hold a positive attitude towards teacher’s in-class feedback based on their individual differences, students’aptitudeand personality mostly affect teacher’s in-class feedback.

Review of Problems in Research of Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition

Although research on individual differences became the mainstream in SLA, it still obviously lag behind research on similarities over the whole. In order to find a clear developing direction for research in this field, main problems and difficulties arose in earlier research will be discussed. Suggestions and prospects for research on individual differences of SLA will be also proposed. The ideal of modifying one's way of teaching to suit the special requirements of each class or case should be the main trend of research on individual differences of SLA.