An Empirical Study on Promoting Students’ Active Participation under“Task-based Teaching”in Adult ESL Classrooms

This paper focuses on a beginner adult ESL classroom aiming to enhance their participation under the guidance of“taskbased teaching”method. By incorporating three strategies of priming students to elicit their prior knowledge on certain topic, designing a sequence of tasks to scaffold students for the final produce and modelling with lower level students to ensure their under? standing of task instructions, the activeness could see a significant increase.

High school sports programs differentially impact participation by sex

Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys＇ and girls＇ participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys＇ and girls＇ sports team participation. Methods： Longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline （elementary school） and follow-up （high school）. High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports oppor- tunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. Results： Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected sta- tistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables： 1） the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and 2） the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. After controlling for children＇s baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports （relative risk, RR = 1.12, p 〈 0.01）; in contrast, girls were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school offered a wider variety of sports （RR = 1.47, p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as such, school sports programs may be an important, effective, and underused target for public health efforts, including obesity prevention programs. Efforts to increase physical activity among youth should consider both access and choice in school athletic programs. Schools may need to use different strategies to increase sports participation in boys and girls.

Using Teacher Goal Boards to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity among Elementary Students

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and understand the potential impact on elementary students’ perceptions of, and intentions related to, healthy eating and physical activity when their classroom teacher sets and shares goals related to these health behaviors. Methods: Participants in this study included 16 teachers and 229 students of grades 3 - 6 at a large elementary school in the Western United States. Participating students were surveyed before and after a six-week intervention conducted by classroom teachers that consisted of a weekly displaying of Teacher Goal Boards in a prominent classroom location and sharing of goals set for the week. Teacher reports of the previous week’s goals occurred each Monday prior to sharing and posting of new goals for the new week. Results: Respondents reported significantly higher post-test values for over half of pre-post comparisons. Respondents were more likely to intend to be physically active (post = 52.6% vs. pre = 39.0%, p = 0.003), to eat nutritious foods (52.0% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.001), and to maintain a healthy body weight (62.8% vs. 52.2%, p = 0.022). Similar results were found for summary measures. Intention to be physically active, to eat healthy, to maintain a healthy weight, as well as descriptive norms for physical activity and perception and value of personal health behaviors were all significantly higher at post-test. Discussion: This study and its findings are significant because teacher participants were able to significantly and positively impact on students’ behavioral intent, subjective norms, and perception and value of personal health behaviors amongst students without spending additional time on formal health promotion and education instruction. Conclusion: Schools should incentivize and encourage faculty and staff to engage in a variety of health behaviors to improve both personal health outcomes and role model health behaviors for students.

Thinking on PE Activities in Primary Schools

With the continuous development of teaching,educators focus more on the cultivation of the comprehensive ability of primary school students.PE in primary schools is drawing more and more attention.However,how to efficiently carry out physical teaching activities in primary schools becomes a big issue for the relative teaching staff to think about because of the uniqueness of the educational group.

Study on Learning Motivation of Higher Vocational Colleges Students in Tianjin

Learning motivation occupies an important position in non-intelligence factors,as it plays a pivotal role in university students' successful completion of their studies and strengthening of professional knowledge base.However,the present university students generally lack motivation in higher education.This research used questionnaire method,which is a questionnaire random sample in 500 students of learning motivation from four comprehensive higher vocational colleges of Tianjin,and explores the status quo of learning motivation in higher vocational students of Tianjin.The result shows:The learning motivation level of higher vocational colleges students is above middle level;Male on the learning motivation total level is significantly higher than female;Rural students in the learning motivation on the aggregate level is significantly higher than that of urban students;Look from the different grades,sophomore students have lowest level of learning motivation;Freshmen learning motivation is at highest level.

Association of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep with Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents

Little is known on the association between movement behaviors including physical activity(PA),screen time(ST)and sleep(SLP)with depression in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms in adolescents.A total of 1,331 middle school students participated in this survey and provided valid data pertaining to the study variables.Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information on participants’sociodemographic parameters.The Health Behavior in School-aged Children Questionnaire was used to assess the PA(days for moderate to vigorous PA),ST(daily hours of ST)and SLP(daily hours of SLP).Study participants’depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory.Generalized linear models were used to estimate the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms.Of all the 1331 study participants,boys accounted for 51.31%and percentage of 7th,8th and 9th graders were 52.44%,23.22%and 24.34%,respectively.After controlling for sex,body mass index,grade,ethnicity,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father and mother educational level,only ST was positively associated with depressive symptoms(beta=0.17,p=0.005).This study suggests that excessive ST would be detrimental to depressive symptoms in adolescents.It may be effective to reduce ST for depression intervention or prevention.Future studies are encouraged to use an improved study design to confirm or negate this study’s researchfindings.

MOTIVATING STUDENTS TO BE ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN CLASS

Introduction In China, it is not uncommon for students to be treated as passive recipients in class. They are trained in this way from primary school. So by the time they enter college, not only are they accustomed to the role of submissive student following the lead of a dominant teacher, but they also quite welcome it, for they don’t have to take any initiative in class, they just wait to be filled with knowledge. Students’ hesitancy to participate actively in class comes not just from students themselves but also from some teachers, who stick to the force-feeding method because it is an easy way for them to conduct a class. So I started to try and change this situation. I designed a teaching plan in which I used different techniques to provide the students with lots of opportunities to be active participants in class. Some of the techniques used are described below.

“国优计划”实施中的组织跨界行动及其优化策略--基于活动理论的视角

2023年7月,我国出台《教育部关于实施国家优秀中小学教师培养计划的意见》,要求实施“国家优秀中小学教师培养计划”(简称“国优计划”)。“国优计划”在建设教育强国的背景下应运而生,旨在发挥参与实施“国优计划”的高校在师资、生源等多方面的优势,培养研究生层次高素质中小学教师。从计划实施的情况来看,如何协调高校内部不同院系和学科的力量,推动不同组织开展跨界联合培养“国优计划”研究生,是其中一个重要议题。本研究基于活动理论的视角,建立“国优计划”研究生跨界培养系统模型,分析该计划的实施及其交互活动系统的复杂结构与动态发展,探寻“国优计划”实施中的组织跨界行动优化策略。不同院系跨界开展“国优计划”研究生联合培养项目的关键在于:一是要从活动理论的逻辑起点出发,以培养“学科教学素养”这一潜在的共享目标为切入点,促进不同主体对跨界联合培养高素质中小学教师达成一致认识;二是要建设联合培养项目的配套制度,促进中介工具融合和创新、抓好规则与分工的落实;三是要在共同体稳定与拓展上持续发力,既要在已有共同体内建立更多通路以加深共同体的稳定联系,又要根据不断变化的现实需要灵活拓展共同体边界。

高中生身体活动与学校适应的关系:人际关系困扰的中介作用

目的:探讨高中生身体活动与学校适应的关系,并考察人际关系困扰的中介作用及性别差异。方法:采用国际体力活动问卷(短卷)、高中生学校适应量表、人际关系综合诊断量表对江苏省4市2064名高中生进行调查和心理测量。结果:①在高中生整体和不同性别中,身体活动能够显著正向预测其学校适应水平(整体:β=0.066,P<0.01;男:β=0.054,P<0.05;女:β=0.153,P<0.01);②在高中生整体和不同性别中,人际关系困扰在身体活动和学校适应之间起中介作用(整体:β=0.112,95%CI=[0.089,0.137];男:β=0.115,95%CI=[0.085,0.150];女:β=0.092,95%CI=[0.053,0.130]);③性别差异在身体活动与学校适应之间具有调节作用,女性身体活动水平对学校适应的正向预测作用更强(男:β=0.165,P<0.01;女:β=0.235,P<0.01)。结论:高中生身体活动能够显著正向预测其学校适应;人际关系困扰在身体活动和学校适应之间具有部分中介作用;性别差异在高中生身体活动与学校适应之间具有调节作用,女高中生身体活动对其学校适应具有更强的预测力。

后疫情时代中学生心理健康的身体活动效应

目的调查新冠疫情后贵阳市中学生身体活动和心理健康的状况,分析身体活动对心理健康的影响,为促进中学生生身心健康发展提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,以自编一般情况问卷、中文版体力活动问卷和《中学生心理健康量表》(MSSMHS)为工具,在2021年10月到11月对贵阳市十二所中学部分中学生进行调查。结果中学生心理健康问题检出率为28.6%。中学生体力活动总体得分为2.49±0.69,大部分学生处于中等强度体力活动水平。中体力活动水平和高体力活动水平罹患心理健康问题概率是低体力活动水平的0.5倍和0.31倍(P<0.01)。结论体力活动与心理健康存在负向剂量效应关系。体力活动水平越高,患心理健康问题的风险越低。

小学3~6年级学生基本运动技能与感知运动能力、身体活动水平的关系

目的:探讨小学3~6年级学生基本运动技能与感知运动能力、身体活动水平的关系。方法:采用大肌肉动作发展测评工具(TGMD-3)、感知运动能力分量表、儿童青少年身体活动水平问卷对小学3~6年级437名学生的基本运动技能、身体活动水平、感知运动能力进行调查;运用SPSS22.0和Mplus8.3软件进行数据分析,并用Bootstrap法分析变量之间的预测关系及中介效应。结果:男生的操控性技能、感知运动能力和身体活动水平高于女生(P<0.01);小学3~6年级学生基本运动技能、感知运动能力与身体活动水平呈低至中等正相关(r=0.103~0.477,P<0.05);小学3~6年级学生基本运动技能预测感知运动能力(β=0.222,P<0.001),感知运动能力预测身体活动水平(β=0.569,P<0.001),感知运动能力在基本运动技能与身体活动水平之间起部分中介作用。结论:小学阶段重视学生基本运动技能和感知运动能力的发展,有助于提高其身体活动水平。

运动益处与障碍认知对中小学生身体活动影响的研究

目的:探讨中小学生运动益处与障碍认知对于身体活动的影响及内在关联,为提升中小学生身体活动和减少久坐行为提供参考。方法:随机抽取小学4~6年级618人和初中1~3年级学生1047人,调查其身体活动水平、久坐行为时长和运动障碍及障碍认知水平;使用卡方检验比较不同性别、不同学段学生的身体活动水平的差异,使用独立样本t检验比较中小学生的运动益处认知差异,最后进行多元线性回归分析揭示其关联性。结果:被调查学生的总体身体活动水平偏低,66.5%的女生处在低强度身体活动水平远高于男生的46.9%(X~2=71.29,P<0.001);初中生低强度身体活动人数占比68.6%远高于小学生的36.1%,56.0%的小学生处在中等强度身体活动水平远高于初中生的29.0%(X~2=171.75,P<0.001)。中小学男生的运动益处与障碍认知得分高于女生,中学生运动益处与障碍认知得分高于小学生,并具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。运动益处与障碍认知中预防保健、生命促进维度与中小学男生久坐行为显著相关(P<0.001),社会交往与女生久坐行为显著相关(P<0.001);生命促进、社会交往分别与中小学生中高强度身体活动水平显著相关(P<0.001)。结论:被调查的学生总体身体活动水平不足现象严重;运动益处与障碍认知水平男生高于女生;初中生运动益处认知水平高于小学生,但受到课业影响积极的认知水平并未直接促进身体活动水平提升;社会交往和时间开销是中小学生久坐行为的主要影响因素,预防保健、生命促进对男生的久坐行为影响较大,社会交往则更影响女生的久坐行为。

健康学校目标下在校大学生主动健康行为培育研究

目的:基于健康学校建设目标,探究在校大学生主动健康行为促进健康学校建设的内在逻辑,由此归纳其内涵,并提出具体培育路径。方法:选取全国部分高校的在校大学生作为研究对象,采用文献研究和实地调研相结合的方法,解析在校大学生主动健康促进健康学校建设的内在逻辑及其行为内涵。结果:健康学校建设目标下,在校大学生主动健康行为内涵主要包含主动健康理念、主动健康举措、主动健康保障以及主动健康结果四个维度。结论:在健康学校建设目标导向下,可进一步发挥高校思想引领的主阵地作用、打造家庭健康教育第一课堂、激励社会承担大学生主动健康行为主体责任等路径,培育在校大学生主动健康行为。

认知激活教学策略对初中生语文学习策略的影响:学习价值观的中介效应

依据班杜拉社会认知理论的“三元交互模型”,考察认知激活教学策略与初中生语文学习策略的关系,以及语文学习价值观在两者之间的中介作用。结果发现:认知激活教学策略可以显著正向提升学生的学习策略和学习价值观,学习价值观可以显著正向提高学生的学习策略,学习价值观在认知激活教学策略和学习策略之间发挥中介作用。因此,建议以研助教,提升教师认知激活教学能力;以情促学,利用认知激活教学策略生发学生的情绪动力;以文化人,通过学习价值观的培养,促进语文终身学习。

中职语文教学中学生职业核心能力培养途径刍探

在职业教育改革的大背景之下,中职语文教学中学生职业核心能力培养应以发展学生的文化意识为前提,以就业为导向,建立人文教育、职业教育相协同的育人模式。文章阐述中职学生职业核心能力的类型,强调中职语文教学中学生职业核心能力的重要性和关联性,提出中职语文教学中学生职业核心能力培养策略:积极优化教学制度,重视职业能力发展;开展语文交流活动,培养基础核心能力;整合文化教育资源,发展职业核心能力;开展语文专题活动,培养拓展核心能力;丰富语文教学方法,主动应用职业核心能力;组织专题文化活动,强化延伸核心能力。

中职生生涯阻碍知觉与专业承诺的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

专业承诺是衡量个体学习积极性的重要指标。为探求中职生生涯阻碍知觉与专业承诺的关系,将生涯决策自我效能作为中介变量,学校参与作为调节变量,引入到生涯阻碍知觉与专业承诺的作用机制中,构建有调节的中介效应模型并加以检验。通过中职生生涯阻碍知觉量表、生涯决策自我效能量表、学校参与量表和专业承诺量表对广西2037名中职生进行测量,研究发现:生涯阻碍知觉负向预测专业承诺;生涯决策自我效能在生涯阻碍知觉与专业承诺之间起部分中介作用;学校参与能有效调节“生涯阻碍知觉—生涯决策自我效能—专业承诺”中介模型的后半段路径。据此提出,要通过减少学业阻碍、提升生涯决策自我效能、提高学校参与度等策略来提高中职生的专业承诺,以实现中职教育高质量发展。

小学生中国特色社会主义文化自信培育路径探索

小学生中国特色社会主义文化自信的培育是当前教育领域的重要课题,理解其内涵至关重要,涉及对中国特色社会主义文化的理解和认同,以及对中国文化传统的自信。目前,教育体系对小学生的中国特色社会主义文化自信培育影响深远,但其也受到家庭和社会环境的影响,课外活动和实践经验也起到关键作用。考虑到时代背景和国家发展,需要关注小学生中国特色社会主义文化自信的培育策略,通过深化爱国主义教育、家庭和社会共同参与、加强实践和体验活动、丰富中华文化的教育内容等综合措施,有效培育小学生中国特色社会主义文化自信,从而为他们的全面发展奠定坚实基础。

3A交互式教学模式对药学专业学生有机化学课程学习成绩的影响

为分析3A交互式教学模式对药学专业学生有机化学课程学习成绩的影响,采用问卷调查法收集数据。信度检验结果显示,问卷具有高度可靠性。描述性统计结果表明,受访学生在主动学习、交互参与、应用实践和学习效果4个维度上的表现较为一致且集中。Pearson分析结果显示,4个维度在0.01的水平上显著相关,即各因素在提升学习效果方面相互促进。回归分析结果表明,主动学习、应用实践、交互参与维度显著影响学习效果。比较成绩可知,接受3A交互式教学模式的学生学习成绩显著优于未采用该模式学生的学习成绩。应不断强化学生的主动学习能力,强化实践教学环节,并促进课堂互动,以提高学生有机化学课程的学习成绩及综合素质。

体育锻炼对高中生网络成瘾的影响:基于自我控制与心理弹性的中介效应

为考察体育锻炼对高中生网络成瘾的影响及作用机制,研究采用体育锻炼等级量表、自我控制量表、心理弹性量表、网络成瘾量表等对735名高中生进行调研,分析结果并建构结构方程模型。研究结果表明:体育锻炼能够改善高中生网络成瘾行为;体育锻炼既能直接影响高中生网络成瘾行为,又能通过自我控制和心理弹性的中介效应间接影响高中生网络成瘾行为。具体路径为:体育锻炼对高中生自我控制和心理弹性有显著正向影响,对网络成瘾有显著负向影响;自我控制和心理弹性对高中生网络成瘾有显著负向影响;自我控制和心理弹性分别在体育锻炼和高中生网络成瘾之间起中介效应。

肥胖初中男生体力活动与静息能耗的计量关系

目的:分析肥胖初中男生体力活动与静息能耗之间的关系,旨在为制订减肥干预措施提供理论依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样法招募初中男生,其中肥胖者为300名,体重正常者为310名。使用加速度计和自制调查问卷联合采集参与者连续7天的体力活动和能量消耗数据。采用相关性分析和多元线性回归探讨体力活动与静息能耗的关联性。同时,采用Logistic回归探讨体力活动、能量消耗与肥胖之间的关联性。结果:肥胖男生的体力活动与平均能耗均低于体重正常的男生(P<0.05)。静息能耗与肥胖呈正相关(OR=1.02,95%CI=[1.01,1.04])。久坐行为(SB)与低强度体力活动(LPA)会显著提高静息能耗(P<0.05)。当SB与LPA等时替代为每天30分钟的中等强度体力活动(MPA)或每天30分钟的高强度体力活动(VPA)时,静息能耗显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:有效减少久坐行为与低强度体力活动,增加高强度与中等强度体力活动,对于控制青少年肥胖至关重要。