On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

A Contrastive Study on Mark Phenomena of English and Chinese Languages

Linguistic marker is a common phenomenon, and there are different levels of markers in various languages. Mark theory was first proposed by the Prague School in 1930s, which is an important principle of language analysis system. The function and meaning of markup languages are mainly pragmatic, which have procedural meaning and no conceptual meaning. Markedness phenomenon is not only the inherent characteristics of language symbols, but also the product of social life and different cultures. Due to the great difference between cultural background and social environment of Chinese and English speaker, thus there are many similarities and differences in the language, society and culture mark. The mark phenomena of English nouns are mainly related to the category of nouns and the opposite nouns. However, Chinese nouns have no strict morphological changes. In this paper, we discuss the theory of mark phenomenon and analyze a contrastive study on mark phenomena of English and Chinese Languages.

Choosing Mandarin Senegal’s public and private schools keep up with demand for study of the Chinese language

In Dakar, Happy Kids Kindergarten has set itself an ambitious challenge： to teach Senegalese toddlers to speak Chinese. This kindergarten, located in Ngor District, boasts of being the first trilingual school in Senegal. In addition to French （the country＇s official language） and English, the school also teaches Mandarin. With China being the world＇s most popu lous country and second largest economy, there is much to benefit from it this decision.

A Contrastive Study of the Relationship between Language and Culture Exemplified in English and Chinese

This paper analyses the relationship between language and culture exemplified in English and Chinese.Language is not only a part of culture but also the carrier and container of culture.As a mirror of culture language is strongly influenced by culture.Language also exerts its influence on culture.Language and culture is closely related.

Discussion of Online Teaching Strategies for Teaching Elementary Chinese Characters to Foreigners Based on Error Analyses

The expanding role of the Chinese language in international communications has become increasingly prominent as China’s comprehensive national power continues to grow,leading to a significant rise in the number of Chinese language learners.Since online teaching is not limited by time and space,its application is widespread.For beginners in the Chinese language,the Chinese characters are both a priority and a challenge.The“Chinese Character Classification,”also known as the“Six Writings,”is the earliest systematic theory of Chinese character structures,and teaching Chinese characters in categories based on the“Chinese Character Classification”is a method that fits the cognition of beginners.In order to teach Chinese characters in a targeted approach,based on the collection and analysis of the common errors of Chinese characters among beginners,(1)this paper proposes that(a)the intuitive method can be applied to teach pictographic characters,indicative characters,and associative compound characters in online teaching;(b)the inductive-deductive method of“basic characters to new characters”can be applied for the teaching of pictophonetic characters and associative compound characters;(c)the learning of character patterns should be approached in a whole-part-whole process,while importance should be attached to the suggestion of the frequency effect with a view to facilitating the online learning of Chinese characters for beginners.The aim of this paper is to provide some practical implications for the online teaching of Chinese characters to foreigners.

Macroscopic Contrast of English,Chinese and the Shui Language Syntactic Features and Thought Patterns

This paper is to explore the syntactic features and thought patterns among English,Chinese and the Shui language,discussing this topic from macroscopic,giving a brief contrast and comparison on macroscopic of English,Chinese and the Shui language.

The Comparative Study of Two Translated Texts on Huangdirent Translating Styles o'n s Internal Classics——Simple Analysis on the Diffe Culture-Specific Lexicon, Figure of Speech and Four-Chinese-Character Structures

Huangdi's Internal Classics(Neijin) is one of the most important ancient medical classics, which plays far-reaching influence in medical field. More and more domestic and overseas scholars published their translated texts on Neijing. Due to the diversity of editions and different understanding, the translating styles and contents are widely different. This study will focus on the different translating styles on culture-specific lexicon、figure of speech and four-Chinese-character structures in Neijin.

Chinese Language Teacher Competency: A Literature Review for a Study Series

Teaching is a special profession with complex pedagogical procedures. It prepares qualified workers and citizens who are expected to yield values and bring benefits to the society, the nation, and the whole world (Nessipbayeva, 2012). This makes the profession require well-qualified teachers. In light of this, teachers must have (and be able to exercise) a broad range of competency array every day in an especially complex environment so that students can realize their full academic potential with the help of teachers (Jackson, 1990). The more competent a teacher is, the better students' achievements will be (Johansson, Myrberg,& Rosen, 2015). It is urgent for us to know how to prepare competent teachers.

Chinese Overseas Students’Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Their Undergraduate Intercultural Education:A Phenomenological Study

Intercultural language education has attracted much attention in the field of foreign language teaching in China during the past decades,due to the increasing number of intercultural encounters across the world as a result of globalization.However,little is known about the effectiveness of intercultural education at Chinese universities.Adopting a phenomenological research design,this paper serves as a pilot study and sets out to explore the forms of intercultural education at universities and investigate the effectiveness of undergraduate intercultural education from the perspectives of 12 Chinese students.

Incorporating Linguistic Rules in Statistical Chinese Language Model for Pinyin-to-character Conversion

An N-gram Chinese language model incorporating linguistic rules is presented. By constructing elements lattice, rules information is incorporated in statistical frame. To facilitate the hybrid modeling, novel methods such as MI-based rule evaluating, weighted rule quantification and element-based n-gram probability approximation are presented. Dynamic Viterbi algorithm is adopted to search the best path in lattice. To strengthen the model, transformation-based error-driven rules learning is adopted. Applying proposed model to Chinese Pinyin-to-character conversion, high performance has been achieved in accuracy, flexibility and robustness simultaneously. Tests show correct rate achieves 94.81% instead of 90.53% using bi-gram Markov model alone. Many long-distance dependency and recursion in language can be processed effectively.

电打汉字开路,笔写汉字跟进——革新国际中文教育中的汉字教学模式

汉语和英语作为外语教学有相同之处,更有相异之处。那相异之处突出体现在中国人学英语,一般来说,口语学习与书面语的学习几乎是同步的,从口语进入书面语学习无需在文字学习上下很大功夫,花很多时间;可是英语区学生学习汉语,其口语学习与书面语的学习无法同步,他们从口语学习进入书面学习,必须在汉字学习上再要下功夫、花很多时间,过好“汉字关”。汉语老师如何帮助学生过好“汉字关”?在如今的智能时代需要考虑革新汉字教学模式,采用“电打汉字”的汉字教学新模式;其具体实施策略是“电打汉字开路,笔写汉字跟进”。如何“电打汉字开路,笔写汉字跟进”?文章提供了具体的教学措施。

汉字词进入朝鲜语的适应性

朝鲜语在与汉语的长期接触中吸收了大量借词,形成了今日的汉字词。朝鲜语中,汉字词的使用十分常见,尤其是在一些专业领域。汉字词在朝鲜语中的适应性很强。汉字词之所以能够适应朝鲜语语言环境实现本语化,与其生存发展的生态环境及自身特性有密切关联。在朝鲜语的发展过程中,汉字词的使用有两次大爆发,第一次是约7~15世纪统一新罗时期至朝鲜王朝前期,第二次是1876~1910年开化时期,这两个时期为汉字词的快速发展提供了良好的生存土壤。汉字词的特性有四:一是表达精细、容易理解;二是构词能力强、能产性高;三是竞争力强;四是影响力大,甚至可以影响到语法体系。

中国—东盟教育共同体视域下的国际中文教育及其未来发展进路

中国—东盟教育共同体的建立为“一带一路”倡议背景下国际中文教育的高质量发展提供了重要契机。现阶段应聚焦国际中文教育在国家战略、区域发展、事业发展以及个人能力发展等方面的时代要求,总结国际中文教育发展事业中的政策制定及其阶段性特征,在宏观层面构建一个强有力的政策治理体系,为中观层面的政策实施提供机制保障。同时,从微观层面着眼于教育合作的多方参与者,关注参与人员的规模、交流活动的成效以及教育发展的态势等。未来,还应从完善语言治理体系、构建项目合作集群、探索师资队伍建设、着力立体化人才培养、加强数智战略对接等方面推进高质量共建“一带一路”教育合作共同体背景下国际中文教育事业的创新发展。

从汉英语作为外语教学的差异试议智能时代的汉语教学

汉语和英语作为外语教学的相异之处突出体现在:中国人学英语,口语与书面语的学习几乎是同步的;而英语区学生学习汉语,口语与书面语的学习无法同步,从口语学习进入书面语学习,必须在汉字学习上再下功夫、花时间,过好汉字关。智能时代,可以用拼音击键或语音输出汉字,这为破除“汉语难学”的迷信带来机遇。国外学者使用“电写为主,笔写为辅”教学模式,取得了良好的教学效果。本文进一步提出“电打汉字开路,笔写汉字跟进”的新思路:在汉语学习的开始阶段,先教授、引导学生“电打汉字”,让学生破除对汉字学习的畏难情绪;再在教学过程中适度穿插“笔写汉字”的练习,引导学生逐步由“电打”过渡到“笔写”,因为“笔写”有助于对汉字的记忆、体会和认识,确保学好汉语书面语。

区域国别国际中文教育研究的源起、现状与趋势

在区域国别研究成为中国发展的必要支撑、区域国别学作为一级学科设立以及国际中文教育学科和事业发展内部亟需的基础上,区域国别国际中文教育研究似乎正在发展成为一个新的研究领域。它在研究视角、研究方法、研究对象、研究目的、研究数据和政策影响等多个方面都与传统研究有所区别,是传统研究的新进阶,并取得了诸多研究成绩。但由于区域国别国际中文教育的研究刚刚起步,在研究方法和深度、研究内容和视角、研究机构和体制机制、研究者的知识体系和相关能力、研究成果的传播应用和评估反馈、研究伦理和研究资源等方面还面临着一些挑战和困难。未来的研究则呈现出系统建构、精耕细作、登陆勘探、团队合作以及智能科技等新趋势。国际中文教育天然具有区域国别性,区域国别国际中文教育研究未来可期。

论汉语语言、思维和学术模式的同构

汉语、汉人思维和传统的语言研究模式之间有内在联系。汉语的语言单位是由其周边单位确定的,汉语的产出是一个确定周边关系的过程。思维单位(概念)是以周围环境来确定认识对象,以类比求同的。传统的汉语、汉字研究就是用周边语言、文字单位来阐释语音、词义的。汉语的语言、思维、研究模式形成同构关系。

中国学视域下的国际中文教育知识体系构建

中国学是历史中国之学,也是当代中国之学。世界中国学因为有了中国的参与,使其自身由“外国学”而更新迭代为“文明互鉴之学”。中国学的孕育和诞生,离不开中文的教育与学习。中国学是中外文化交流的果实,而交流的起始就是语言的互通。中国学是国际中文教育的战略性先导,国际中文教育是中国学蓬勃发展的基础性支撑。未来国际中文教育的知识体系构建,应该着眼于中华文化的世界传播,聚焦于中国特色哲学社会科学话语体系的构建,服务于世界文明的交流互鉴,从加强中文书面语教学、构建中文教育学学科和强调中文的文化交流属性入手,使国际中文教育在文明互鉴的时代能够不断创新发展并行稳致远。

大语言模型中文问答正确性对比实验研究——以ChatGPT 3.5、Claude 1.0和文心一言2.1为例

[目的/意义]对大语言模型中文问答正确性进行实验测评研究,为中文用户使用大语言模型提供一定的指导作用。[方法/过程]针对科技、教育、医学、生活、旅游美食和哲学文化6个领域,分别设计常识性、专业性和开放性三类问题,每类20个问题,共计360个问题。分别向ChatGPT 3.5、Claude 1.0和文心一言2.1提问,再针对回答进行正确性的人工评价。最后汇总评价结果,进行正确性的多方面对比分析。[结果/结论]实验分析表明中文语料数据的规模与质量,以及大语言模型的参数规模是影响大语言模型中文问答正确性的重要因素。

国际中文教育共同体构建的文化研学模式

文化研学与观光游学项目的区别在于其教育性以及对海外中文教学的促进作用。文章探讨了文化研学对构建国际中文教育共同体的价值意义;围绕“跨学科教学”“基于问题的、在地项目式的跨学科学习(3PBL)”“可持续学习”的教育理念,形成“3PBL+I”的文化研学理论框架和实践路径;基于2023年英美来华研学团的案例,分析了文化研学项目的实施与效果;从实践案例中探讨国际中文教育共同体构建的文化研学模式,旨在促进国际中文教育共同体良性生态的形成,高质量加强中外文化的交流与合作。

高校古代汉语课程思政教学改革研究

将思政教育融入古代汉语课程教学中,是专业课程落实“立德树人”教育目的的重要途径。古代汉语课程是汉语言文学专业的核心课程之一,古代汉语教材中蕴含着丰富的思政元素。教师应当充分挖掘其中蕴含的思政元素,在提升学生的专业技能的同时,提高学生的人文素养,树立正确的理想和信念,达到专业教学与思政教育协同育人格局。