The Islamic Studies in China:Research in the Field of History

A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,since then,the research field of Islam and Muslim in China has been expanding and the results have been published,forming a new trend.In this field,scholars such as Jin Yijiu,Li Xinghua,Qin Huibin,Zhou Guoli,Sha Qiuzhen,Zhou Xiefan,Wu Yungui,and Yang Huaizhong have made the most outstanding achievements.Especially in the collation of reference books and historical materials,in the past 20 years,The Encyclopedia of the history of Islam,The Chinese Encyclopedia of Islam have emerged,and the Chinese and World Encyclopedia of Islamic Law and other important historical books have been published.This paper focuses on the field of historical research and divided into academic research history at home and abroad,which is discussed from several fields such as general history,special history,national history,and regional history.

Epitome of Research on the History of Science and Technology in China:A Review of the Book Series History of Science and Technology in Pre-Modern China in Comparison with Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China

The early twenty-first century witnessed the publication of the book series Zhongguo kexue jishu shi中国科学技术史(History of science and technology in pre-modern China),which was initiated and organized by the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and compiled by a multitude of Chinese scholars.In comparison with Science and Civilisation in China by Dr.Joseph Needham,Zhongguo kexue jishu shi is superior in the layout characteristics,literature collection,research and explication,field investigation,and simulation experiments.

LIRR's Project of “Study on Spalling Mechanism Mechanism of Dense Refractory Castables by Rapid Heating-up” Being Obtained the Support from National Natural Natural Science Foundation of China

LIRR＇s Priject of ＂Research on Spalling Mechanism Due to Rapid Heating-up of Dense Refractory Castables＂ declared by Wang Zhanmin,vice-president of LIRR,will gain the fund support from National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2011.

Foreign Exchange and Cooperation in Human Rights Education——A Case Study of the China University of Political Science and Law

Exchange and cooperation in the field of human rights education, between higher education and research institutions in the Chinese mainland and foreign human rights institutions and relevant international organizations, are an important aspect of human rights exchange and cooperation between the Chinese mainland and foreign countries. The China University of Political Science and Law is the first university in the mainland to establish the human rights law discipline and one of the first national human rights education and training bases, playing an exemplary and leading role in the field of human rights education and foreign exchange and cooperation. Summaries and analyses of the background, objectives,

Women and the Transnational Dynamics of Science Education in Early Twentieth Century China:A Quiet Revolution

This article explores both the personal and transnational dimensions of domestic science education and study abroad for the pioneering generation of Chinese women in science.By focusing on women’s unique calculus of risk and reward,the article not only distinguishes Chinese women’s experiences from those of their male counterparts but also delineates the special contours of the Chinese case within the global advancement of women in science.The article begins by outlining some of the features and dynamics of early Chinese girls’schools that affected students’interest in and preparation for further scientific study.Then it traces the emerging college-level opportunities that made it possible for women who were studying science in China to contemplate advanced work overseas.Turning to study abroad,the article highlights the radicalness of the decision to study abroad by examining the impact of both family background and national circumstances on Chinese women’s strategies of mobility.The article argues that if we are to take women’s experiences seriously,we cannot just look at scientific pursuits in terms of achievements in the development of Chinese science,we also need to consider the ways that·scientific ambitions forced individuals—both male and female—to navigate and reimagine multiple social norms and expectations.

The NCC mathematical modeling framework for decision-making of six major cancers

Objective:Mathematical modeling and simulation is a useful research method to inform decision-making.This article aims to describe the National Cancer Center(NCC)modeling framework and how well it reproduces observed empirical data for six major cancers.Methods:We developed the NCC modeling framework for six major cancers in China(lung,liver,stomach,colorectal,esophageal,and breast),which simulates the life-histories represented by states among normal,pre-cancerous lesion,stage-specific invasive cancer,and death for six cancers separately.Each NCC simulation model could be illustrated as an integrated framework of 3 modules:a demography module,natural history module,and screening module.Combined with costs and health utilities data,the models could have many detailed outputs for informing decisions,including the harm of screening(e.g.,false positives,complications,and overdiagnosis),healthcare costs,and benefits(quality-adjusted life years gained,cancer incidence and mortality,and investment returns).We calibrated the models to Chinese population-based observations on cancer incidence,mortality,and stage distribution.All models are validated by comparing model simulated results to data observed from nationwide cancer registration and a large prospective cohort study.Results:The simulated results from the calibrated models consistently match the epidemiological patterns in six major cancer incidence,mortality,and stage distributions in China.Model projected age-specific cancer incidence and mortality were close to the observed data in the national cancer registration.The NCC modeling framework reproduced the cumulative cancer cases and deaths observed in the prospective cohort study at 7.0 and 10.8 years of follow-up.Model estimated net survival rates also consistent with population-based statistics.Conclusion:The NCC modeling framework’s ability to reproduce the observed population-level cancer statistics and the cancer cases in a prospective cohort study suggests its results are reliable to inform decision-making related to six major cancers in China.

Studies of the Biogeochemistry of Typical Estuaries and Bays in China

Springer has recently published the book entitled “Studies of the Biogeochemistry of Typical Estuaries and Bays in China”. Professor Shen Zhiliang from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, authored and complied this book. The new book collects, compiles, and summarizes the studies on the biogeochemical cycling of the biogenic elements in mainly two typical regions in China, i.e., the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary and Jiaozhou Bay, and other regions are touched in the aspects of nutrients, suspended particulate matter, phytoplankton, and heavy metals, etc., in biogeochemistry, ecology, environmental science, oceanography, and biology etc.

Sialic acid accelerates the electrophoretic velocity of injured dorsal root ganglion neurons

Peripheral nerve injury has been shown to result in ectopic spontaneous discharges on soma and injured sites of sensory neurons, thereby inducing neuropathic pain. With the increase of membrane proteins on soma and injured site neurons, the negatively charged sialic acids bind to the external domains of membrane proteins, resulting in an increase of this charge. We therefore speculate that the electrophoretic velocity of injured neurons may be faster than non-injured neurons. The present study established rat models of neuropathic pain via chronic constriction injury. Results of the cell electrophoresis test revealed that the electrophoretic velocity of injured neuronal cells was faster than that of non-injured （control） cells. We then treated cells with divalent cations of Ca2＋ and organic compounds with positive charges, polylysine to counteract the negatively charged sialic acids, or neuraminidase to specifically remove sialic acids from the membrane surface of injured neurons. All three treatments significantly reduced the electrophoretic velocity of injured neuronal cells. These findings suggest that enhanced sialic acids on injured neurons may accelerate the electrophoretic velocity of injured neurons.

Information Science Research in China:The Past,Present and Future

Information science grows rapidly in nowadays china with the explosion of information.In order to let scholars have a holistic view about information science,this paper aims at a comprehensive review of the development track of information science in china from the history to the status quo and future trends.It can serve as a reference for researchers to carry out further research practice.

Transnational Mathematics and Movements: Shiingshen Chern, Hua Luogeng, and the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study from World War II to the Cold War

This paper reconstructs,based on American and Chinese primary sources,the visits of Chinese mathematicians Shiing-shen Chern陈省身(Chen Xingshen)and Hua Luogeng华罗庚(Loo-Keng Hua)4 to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in the United States in the 1940s,especially their interactions with Oswald Veblen and Hermann Weyl,two leading mathematicians at the IAS.It argues that Chern’s and Hua’s motivations and choices in regard to their transnational movements between China and the US were more nuanced and multifaceted than what is presented in existing accounts,and that socio-political factors combined with professional-personal ones to shape their decisions.The paper further uses their experiences to demonstrate the importance of transnational scientific interactions for the development of science in China,the US,and elsewhere in the twentieth century.

20世纪以来中国目录学史书写回顾与展望——以通论性目录学史著作为中心的考察

[目的/意义]相较于中国目录学史的研究,学界对于中国目录学史研究史的梳理略显不够,通过梳理20世纪中国目录学史研究史,为新时代中国目录学史的研究与书写提供历史借鉴。[研究设计/方法]以20世纪以来出版的姚名达著《中国目录学史》、王重民著《中国目录学史论丛》、吕绍虞著《中国目录学史稿》、倪士毅著《中国古代目录学史》、乔好勤著《中国目录学史》、余庆蓉著《中国目录学思想史》以及柯平著《中国目录学史》7本通论性目录学史著作为研究对象,通过系统研读、分析与比较,借以梳理20世纪中国目录学史的书写路径。[结论/发现]20世纪以来中国目录学史书写呈现出如下特点:(1)历史学、图书馆学学者是中国目录学史书写的两大核心主体;(2)线性进化史观逐渐成为中国目录学史书写的主流史观;(3)书写的焦点由“以目录为中心”到“目录与人并重”。[创新/价值]在此基础上提出了未来中国目录学史书写展望:(1)明确“目录学史”的内涵;(2)明确“以西释中”还是“以中释中”;(3)明确中国目录学史的中心是“人”;(4)探索多体裁的中国目录学史书写形式;(5)拓展中国目录学史的关注视域。

论新中国史研究与“新中国学”

今年是中华人民共和国成立75周年。75年来特别是中共十八大以来,中国特色社会主义进入新时代,党领导人民全面建成小康社会,乘势开启实现第二个百年奋斗目标新征程。新中国的历史发展,是历史中国的延续和发展,中国式现代化由奠基、开创到深化和拓展,中华民族从站起来到富起来再到强起来,中华文明实现生命更新和现代转型。新中国的历史发展,不断孕育、生成和发展关于新中国的认识和研究,即“新中国学”。“新中国学”特指关于中华人民共和国之学,由此也推动中国学从“他塑”转向“自塑”,重心从研究中国传统历史文化转向探讨关于新中国的历史、社会和时代发展,以及新中国与世界的关系。“新中国学”是一个复杂的系统学科,是关于新中国的“百科全书”;作为世界中国学的重要组成部分,在向世界传播中国精神、中国价值、中国力量方面发挥着重要作用。加快构建“新中国学”的学科体系、学术体系和话语体系,推动引领世界中国学发展,是推进新中国史研究的学科建设要求,也是推动哲学社会科学讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音的时代要求。为此,我们与河北学刊杂志社共同策划了本组专题讨论,重点以《论新中国史研究与“新中国学”》《新中国史史料学的新境遇与新问题--兼论“新中国学”资料构建的发展性与实践性》为题作多方面探讨,以期引领和推动“新中国学”研究不断向纵深发展。

当代比较图书馆学的脉络与进路

文章分1949年到70年代末、20世纪80年代到世纪末、新世纪以来等三个阶段,从翻译工作、基础理论研究、应用研究等方面,对新中国成立以来比较图书馆学的发展脉络进行了梳理,认为比较图书馆学的发展进入难得的历史机遇期,当下比较图书馆学遭遇的问题和困境,是整个图书馆学基础理论研究状况的一个表征,对此提出加强比较图书馆学基础理论研究、完善研究方法体系、推进应用研究、夯实研究资料基础、重视学科教育与人才培养、建设学术交流平台等建议。

中日社区教育政策及执行比较

社区教育能够更有效调动区域内民众的个人素质要求、文化知识需求,社区教育政策为社区教育活动提供方向引导,为配备设施、经费、人员提供保障。中日社区教育政策背景、时期、内容不尽相同,以文献研究资料为基础,将日本第二次世界大战后社区教育政策的转折与完善时期,与我国80年代开始社区教育政策逐步系统化时期进行比较,细化中日社区教育政策政府与民众的着眼点、政策推行制度与力度、民众政策执行意识等通过比较的方式,明晰社区教育管理目标、组织形式、管理体制,为我国社区教育发展提供可借鉴、可推广的政策模式。

中国目录学史研究

中国目录学史研究聚焦中国目录学的标志事件、代表人物、经典著作和核心思想,全面呈现其整体发展历程,总结经验与不足,探讨规律与原因,阐发影响与意义。该研究是展示目录学学科形象并提供学科认同,补足中国思想和学术史研究系谱,繁荣中国哲学社会科学的时代课题。文章回顾相关研究成果,阐述国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国目录学史研究”的主要内容,包括中国目录学史研究的基础理论、中国目录学发展内外部要素及其联系、古今目录学传承衔接、中西目录学对比融通等重要问题;另外,文章还介绍了课题的总体框架、研究方法和预期目标。

李继先:不该被忽视的图书馆学人

李继先是文华图专1930届毕业生,在校学习期间即参加中华图书馆协会第一次年会提出并通过与图书馆图书互借和图书馆学术用语相关的法案;在图书馆实务和国外图书馆论文译介方面成绩显著,他关注图书馆杂件和小册,是迄今为止唯一一位在这方面作过专门研究和详细论述的图书馆学者,推动了我国图书分类法的进步;其与房兆楹协同创办的《图书馆学周刊》是民国时期为数不多的依托报纸发行的图书馆学期刊之一。文章系统梳理了李继先在民国时期的图书馆活动,对助力当代图书馆业务实践及学术研究发展有一定意义。

The Social Responsibility of Chinese Scholars of World History： Zhongguo Shehui Kexue and the Study of World History in the New Era

Modem Chinese study of world history began in the middle of the nineteenth century and was closely related to the main theme of the times, that of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival. Its chief feature was that it was attuned to the pulse of the times; in all historical periods, the main current of its research has never deviated from the main theme of the times, showing a strong sense of responsibility to society. Under the new historical conditions of reform and opening up, this sense of social responsibility should be reflected in fundamental adherence to the direction of serving the people and socialism.

A review of the theory of Library Science in China: 1956-2016

Contemporary Library Science in China has gone through 60 years’ tough development since 1956. This paper tries to disclose the journey and achievements of Chinese Library Science in the past 60 years based on the analysis of published journal articles. This paper analyzes contemporary Chinese Library Science in the context of Chinese Library Science history and the international Library Science environment. Examining the historical progress of the Library Science in China, this paper divides the history into 5 phases: late start, wandering phase, tough starting phase, rebuilding phase, breaking phase and shining phase.

尼泊尔汉学的传统与演进

本文通过对中尼两国有关尼泊尔汉学研究文献的深入分析,对中尼交流史以及尼泊尔汉学发展脉络展开详细论述,较为系统地介绍了尼泊尔汉学研究的历史传统与当代演进。得益于两国的历史渊源, 尼泊尔在早期双边关系以及佛教文化往来方面拥有独特优势,这使尼泊尔汉学在萌芽阶段就有了优秀的学 术成果,形成了以历史考察为中心的研究传统。步入 21 世纪后,尼泊尔汉学开始高速发展,关注领域从两 国关系史延伸至中国社会、经济、外交、文化等多个方面,研究方法与视角也更专业。

中国共产党白区历史研究回顾与思考

中国共产党的白区工作是中共党史研究的一个重要方面。白区历史研究经历了曲折漫长的发展历程。改革开放以来,学界在白区历史研究方面形成了一定共识,即以城市工作为主要研究对象,以地下斗争为主要考察内容,在学术研究和党史基本著作编写方面取得积极成果。理论层面的成果包括对白区工作方针、白区斗争策略原则、白区工作的历史地位和经验教训的研究,实践层面的成果包括对白区工作方方面面的考察。拓展和深化白区历史研究,还需进一步开拓研究视野、丰富研究方法、发掘整理史料、推进成果转化。