Since the D-band center theory was proposed,it has been widely used in the fields of surface chemistry by almost all researchers,due to its easy understanding,convenient operation and relative accuracy.However,with th...Since the D-band center theory was proposed,it has been widely used in the fields of surface chemistry by almost all researchers,due to its easy understanding,convenient operation and relative accuracy.However,with the continuous development of material systems and modification strategies,researchers have gradually found that D-band center theory is usually effective for large metal particle systems,but for small metal particle systems or semiconductors,such as single atom systems,the opposite conclusion to the D-band center theory is often obtained.To solve the issue above,here we propose a bonding and anti-bonding orbitals stable electron intensity difference(BASED)theory for surface chemistry.The newly-proposed BASED theory can not only successfully explain the abnormal phenomena of D-band center theory,but also exhibits a higher accuracy for prediction of adsorption energy and bond length of intermediates on active sites.Importantly,a new phenomenon of the spin transition state in the adsorption process is observed based on the BASED theory,where the active center atom usually yields an unstable high spin transition state to enhance its adsorption capability in the adsorption process of intermediates when their distance is about 2.5Å.In short,the BASED theory can be considered as a general principle to understand catalytic mechanism of intermediates on surfaces.展开更多
The studies show that numerous complex networks have clustering effect.It is an indispensable step to identify node clusters in network,namely community,in which nodes are closely related,and in many applications such...The studies show that numerous complex networks have clustering effect.It is an indispensable step to identify node clusters in network,namely community,in which nodes are closely related,and in many applications such as identification of ringleaders in anti-criminal and anti-terrorist network,efficient storage of data in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).At present,most of community identification methods still require the specifications of the number or the scale of community by user and still can not handle overlapping nodes.In an attempt to solve these problems,a network community identification method based on utility value is proposed,which is a function of each node's clustering coefficient and degree.This method makes use of individual-centered theory for reference and can automatically determine the number of communities.In addition,this method is an overlapping community identification method in nature.It is shown through contrastive experiments that this method is more efficient than other methods based on individual-centered theory when they control the same amount of information.Finally,a research direction is proposed for network community identification method based on the individual-centered theory.展开更多
目的构建科学、实用的出血中心护士核心素养培训体系,为出血中心护士的培养和课程设置提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等数据库中的文献,并结合患者、家属及医护人员...目的构建科学、实用的出血中心护士核心素养培训体系,为出血中心护士的培养和课程设置提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等数据库中的文献,并结合患者、家属及医护人员访谈结果,小组讨论后初步拟定出血中心护士培训体系,最后应用德尔菲法对12个省21名专家进行2轮函询,确定了三级指标体系。结果第1轮函询问问卷有效回收21/21份,第2轮专家函询问卷有效回收19/21份。出血中心护士核心素养培训体系专家咨询判断系数0.99,权威系数0.89,Miller金字塔理论专家咨询判断系数0.72,权威系数0.85,熟悉程度0.80。最终确立出血中心护士培训体系涵盖理论、应用、技能及实际表现能力4个层面,培训内容、培训管理及考核评价等3个部分。其中,培训内容一级指标22个、二级指标96个、三级指标78个;培训管理一级指标4个,二级指标8个,三级指标12个;考核评价一级指标5个,二级指标16个。结论基于Miller金字塔理论构建的出血中心护士核心素养培训体系专家意见集中,可信度高,能为出血中心护士开展培训提供参考。展开更多
在社会原子化背景下,社区参与式设计被视作设计学科介入社会问题的有效途径,但当下相关研究主要关注对参与式设计和共创工具的本土化运用,缺少对社区参与活动的进一步剖析和策略创新。运用文献研究、跨学科研究,引入活动理论以探讨社区...在社会原子化背景下,社区参与式设计被视作设计学科介入社会问题的有效途径,但当下相关研究主要关注对参与式设计和共创工具的本土化运用,缺少对社区参与活动的进一步剖析和策略创新。运用文献研究、跨学科研究,引入活动理论以探讨社区参与活动的内涵、问题与挑战。同时从活动视角分析大鱼营造案例,总结工具、空间和制度等维度下的社区参与式设计方法。构建了基于活动理论的社区参与式设计框架(Activity Theory-based Model of Community Design,ATMCD),从社区符号、参与机制和参与基础设施三方面提出对应的社区设计策略。基于活动理论的社区设计框架(ATMCD)和策略能够为我国社区设计和基层治理提供理论指导和方法支持。但对社区运营模式创新、社区参与工具包开发、居民参与能力建设、社区设计项目评估的研究有待进一步完善。展开更多
文摘Since the D-band center theory was proposed,it has been widely used in the fields of surface chemistry by almost all researchers,due to its easy understanding,convenient operation and relative accuracy.However,with the continuous development of material systems and modification strategies,researchers have gradually found that D-band center theory is usually effective for large metal particle systems,but for small metal particle systems or semiconductors,such as single atom systems,the opposite conclusion to the D-band center theory is often obtained.To solve the issue above,here we propose a bonding and anti-bonding orbitals stable electron intensity difference(BASED)theory for surface chemistry.The newly-proposed BASED theory can not only successfully explain the abnormal phenomena of D-band center theory,but also exhibits a higher accuracy for prediction of adsorption energy and bond length of intermediates on active sites.Importantly,a new phenomenon of the spin transition state in the adsorption process is observed based on the BASED theory,where the active center atom usually yields an unstable high spin transition state to enhance its adsorption capability in the adsorption process of intermediates when their distance is about 2.5Å.In short,the BASED theory can be considered as a general principle to understand catalytic mechanism of intermediates on surfaces.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61073041,60873037,61100008 and 61073043)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No. F200901 and F201023 )+1 种基金the Harbin Special Funds for Technological Innovation Research (Grant No.2010RFXXG002 and 2011RFXXG015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No. HEUCF100602)
文摘The studies show that numerous complex networks have clustering effect.It is an indispensable step to identify node clusters in network,namely community,in which nodes are closely related,and in many applications such as identification of ringleaders in anti-criminal and anti-terrorist network,efficient storage of data in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).At present,most of community identification methods still require the specifications of the number or the scale of community by user and still can not handle overlapping nodes.In an attempt to solve these problems,a network community identification method based on utility value is proposed,which is a function of each node's clustering coefficient and degree.This method makes use of individual-centered theory for reference and can automatically determine the number of communities.In addition,this method is an overlapping community identification method in nature.It is shown through contrastive experiments that this method is more efficient than other methods based on individual-centered theory when they control the same amount of information.Finally,a research direction is proposed for network community identification method based on the individual-centered theory.
文摘目的构建科学、实用的出血中心护士核心素养培训体系,为出血中心护士的培养和课程设置提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等数据库中的文献,并结合患者、家属及医护人员访谈结果,小组讨论后初步拟定出血中心护士培训体系,最后应用德尔菲法对12个省21名专家进行2轮函询,确定了三级指标体系。结果第1轮函询问问卷有效回收21/21份,第2轮专家函询问卷有效回收19/21份。出血中心护士核心素养培训体系专家咨询判断系数0.99,权威系数0.89,Miller金字塔理论专家咨询判断系数0.72,权威系数0.85,熟悉程度0.80。最终确立出血中心护士培训体系涵盖理论、应用、技能及实际表现能力4个层面,培训内容、培训管理及考核评价等3个部分。其中,培训内容一级指标22个、二级指标96个、三级指标78个;培训管理一级指标4个,二级指标8个,三级指标12个;考核评价一级指标5个,二级指标16个。结论基于Miller金字塔理论构建的出血中心护士核心素养培训体系专家意见集中,可信度高,能为出血中心护士开展培训提供参考。
文摘在社会原子化背景下,社区参与式设计被视作设计学科介入社会问题的有效途径,但当下相关研究主要关注对参与式设计和共创工具的本土化运用,缺少对社区参与活动的进一步剖析和策略创新。运用文献研究、跨学科研究,引入活动理论以探讨社区参与活动的内涵、问题与挑战。同时从活动视角分析大鱼营造案例,总结工具、空间和制度等维度下的社区参与式设计方法。构建了基于活动理论的社区参与式设计框架(Activity Theory-based Model of Community Design,ATMCD),从社区符号、参与机制和参与基础设施三方面提出对应的社区设计策略。基于活动理论的社区设计框架(ATMCD)和策略能够为我国社区设计和基层治理提供理论指导和方法支持。但对社区运营模式创新、社区参与工具包开发、居民参与能力建设、社区设计项目评估的研究有待进一步完善。
