The pain-related behavior changes correlate with the bone damage in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis

In view of the extensive bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis, we used a commonly utilized animal model to detect behavioral changes in pain-related and the bone damage during the early disease, and to explore the correlation between bone damage and pain-related behavioral changes. Methods： Arthritis were induced in Sprague-Dawley （SD） male rats by injecting complete Freund＇s adjuvant （CFA） into the tails. Pain-related behavior changes were studied using the Hargreaves, VonFrey, and acetone tests on the 0, 7, 14, day and 28 day after CFA injection. The rats were sacrificed according the same schedule. The bone damage of the right proximal tibia was studied by microCT scan and bone histological slices. Results： Animals developed soft tissue inflammation and polyarthritis on 7 days after CFA injection, and arthritic score proved obvious arthritis were established within the study period. Mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia were present in the affected hind paw from the 7 day through the 28 day, but the heat hyperalgesia and the mechanical allodynia lasted a short time after CFA injection. Trabecular bone number （Tb.N）, Tissue Mineral Content （TMC） and Bone Volume to Tissue Volume （BV/TV） in the proximal tibia by microCT scan were also reduced after induction, especial 14 days after CFA injection. The bone histologicalslices showed the trabecular bone and proteoglycan diminished, the bone damage severity scores became more severely on the 7 day after CFA injection. Using analysis of covariance, these changes had statistical significance compared with baseline. By linear regression analysis demonstrated mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia correlated well with arthritic score, bone damage parameters and bone damage severity scores. Conclusion： Adjuvant-induced arthritis （AA） were observed after CFA injection and lasted within the later experimental period. Pain-related behavioral changes were observed in the early time of AA. Bone damage was also occurred with arthritis development. Pain-related behavioral change correlated well with arthritic score and bone damage parameters

Experimental Study on Tensile Behavior of Cement Paste, Mortar and Concrete under High Strain Rates

Effects of the strain rate on cement paste, mortar and concrete were studied. A modified SHPB testing technique with fl attened Brazilian disc（FBD） specimen was developed to measure the dynamic tensile stress-strain curve of materials. A pulse-shaped split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） was employed to determine the dynamic tensile mechanical responses and failure behavior of materials under valid dynamic testing conditions. Quasi-static experiments were conducted to study material strain rate sensitivity. Strain rate sensitivity of the materials was measured in terms of the stress-strain curve, elastic modulus, tensile strength and critical strain at peak stress. Empirical relations between dynamic increase factor（DIF） and the material properties were derived and presented.

Study on the Miscibility and Phase Behavior of Polyoxymethylene with Novolak

The miscibility and phase behavior of the blends of polyoxymethylene (POM)/Novolak were investigated by the cloud point method, which showed that the POM/Novolak blends exhibited a lower critical solution temperature. The melting point of POM decreased when diluted with Novolak. From the melting temperature depression of POM, a negative interaction parameter (x) between POM and Novolak was obtained. The IR spectrum revealed that the miscibility between POM and Novolak was caused by the specific interaction between the OH groups of Novolak and the ether oxygen atoms of POM. The morphology of the blends investigated by polarized light microscopy showed that the size of spherulites of POM was sharply decreased by its mixing with Novolak. This suggests that Novolak be used as a compatibilizer for POM.

Behavior of Cl^(-) Ions in Ag(SO_3)_2^(3-) Solution

l- ions behavior in Ag(SO_3)3-2 solution was studied. The mechanism of Ag particles formation in the solution was discussed, and factors affecting its formation were investigated.

A STUDY ON VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF INDIGO CARMINE AND ITS MIXTURE WITH AMARANTH AT MERCURY FILM ELECTRODE ON SILVER SUBSTRATE

The voltammetric behavior of indigo carmine at mercury film electrode on a silver substrate (MFES) was studied in this paper. It was found that indigo carmine gave a sensitive reduction peak at a potential (Vp) of -0.11 V at pH 4.0 in aqueous solution. The MFES gave good reproducibility and life time. The peak currents (ip) depended lipearly on the concentrations of indigo carmine free 0 to 100 ng/ml. The Vp and Ip of indigo carmine at MFES were independent of the concentrations of amaranth at pH 4.0, the Vp of amaranth was -0.24 V at this pH. The differences of Vp between both colorants enabled to distinguish indigo carmine free amaranth.

An Empirical Research on the Behavior and Influencing Factors of College Students Network Course Learning

＂Using technology to support learning＂ gradually becomes the main trend of technology application and technology-curriculum integration at home and abroad. The empirical research based on newly-established universities shows that college students＇ usage intention on network course and study behavior is not real. Study behavior of network course is passive and outside stimulation. They are more concerned about the usefulness and relative advantages of the learning mode in the network course learning; however, learning environment of the network course at present still is given on material and tool level. The institutions should, in compliance with the trend of higher education development in the world, actively build learning environment to meet the learning needs of students in the information age, deepen the reform of information technology application and curriculum based on the learner-centered concept, focus on the training of initiative learning of college students, put community impact into full play to promote the integration of the superiority of the material platform and initiative, and finally improve the efficiency and quality of teaching and education.

STUDIES ON THE VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF EU(Ⅲ)-ALDOPENTOSE AND EU(Ⅲ)-D-RIBOSE-L-AMINO ACIDS COMPLEXES

The rate of voltammetric reduction of Eu(Ⅲ)in acetate solution was increased by the formation of a complex with ribose,lyxose or arabinose.If a ternary complex of Eu(Ⅲ)-D-ribose-L-phenylanaline formed on the surface of mercury electrode,the redox process of Eu(Ⅲ)became more reversible than that of Eu(Ⅲ)-D-ribose in solution phase.

STUDY ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE IN PREPARING POTASSIUM CARBONATE

This investigation describes the one step preparation of potassium carbonate by electrolysis of potas-sium chloride solution in electrolyzers with various Nation membranes.Potassium bicarbonate solution wasfed to the cathode compartment,where it was converted into carbonate by reaction with the hydroxideformed at cathode.Because of the low OH^- concentration in the cathode compartment,the back migrationof OH^- through the membrane was almost negligible,resulting in a higher current efficiency,say 90% or more.In this study,electroconductivity,mass transfer,current efficiency and cell voltage were measured.Thefeasibility of the process was discussed and the optimal conditions examined.

Studies on the Phase Behavior of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal in DAD/C_4OH/n-C_8H_(18)/D_2O System

The lytropic liquid crystals in dodecanic acid diethanolamine (DAD) /n-butanol (C4OH) /octane (n-C8H18) /deuteron (D2O) system were studied to determine the phase regions and were investigated by 2H-NMR spectroscopy,optical polarizing microscope and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) methods.The results indicate that the lamellar,hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals all exist in the above system.Keeping the weight ratio of DAD and C4OH constant,the microphase Structure,2H quadruple splitting and the interlayer spacing are all changed with the addition of deuteron.

Study on Viscoelastic Behaviors of Waxy Crude Water-in-Oil Emulsion

Emulsion of waxy crude oil is one of the common states in the subsea pipeline. At low temperatures in offshore environment, waxy crude oils with water could form the crude oil emulsion gel of oil-in-water emulsion. Thus, the waxy crude oil emulsion viscoelastic behavior for deep sea transportation and restarting pipeline safety is particularly important. By means of MASIII HAAKE rheometer which is produced by German company, waxy crude oil emulsion viscoelastic behavior is explored at different volumetric water contents and different shear stresses. By analyzing the rate of change of shear rate in the initial stage, the influence rules of viscoelastic properties were summarized, with the change of volumetric water content and the applied shear stress and based on the experimental results, the law of emulsion is explained from the micro level. It is proposed that brittle fracture exists between wax crystals, and flexible fracture was found in the interaction between water droplets and wax crystals.

An In-Depth Study of Complex Power System Dynamic Behavior Characteristics for Chinese UHV Power Grid Security

In this paper,a series of major policy decisions used to improve the power grid reliability,reduce the risk and losses of major power outages,and realize the modernization of 21st century power grid are discussed. These decisions were adopted by American government and would also be helpful for the strategic development of Chinese power grid. It is proposed that China should take precaution,carry out security research on the overall dynamic behaviour characteristics of the UHV grid using the complexity theory,and finally provide safeguard for the Chinese UHV grid. It is also pointed out that,due to the lack of matured approaches to controll a cascading failure,the primary duty of a system operator is to work as a "watchdog" for the grid operation security,eliminate the cumulative effect and reduce the risk and losses of major cascading outages with the help of EMS and WAMS.

NIKE CORRE： Generation Y Moves the Running Market

Focus on customer experience has proven to be one of the most important tools for the acceptance of the message of a brand by Millennials （Generation Y）. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how Generation Y influences, through their behavior and customs, the decisions to be made by the marketing area of companies. In this sense, the study seeks to demonstrate this situation by addressing the running market, which is consistently growing in Brazil and has unexplored niches, as in the case of a group of young runners who belong to Generation Y that called the attention of Nike＇s running segment, and was the focus of this research study. The case study was conducted by the qualitative method, based on an empirical investigation, in addition to a literature review. In this sense, it addressed the emergence of Generation Y, and how was the progress of the media that monitored it during this transition, going through multi-platform advertising. This approach is followed by a study of the running market and the role of Nike in it, how the project emerged and its relationship with Generation Y＇s behavior.

A transcranial magnetic stimulation study on Alzheimer's diseae and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

Objective To investigate the changes in cortical excitability and inhibitory circuits of patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia(bv FTD)using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).Methods Forty-four patients with AD,30 patients with bv FTD and 44 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.The epidemiological data