Purifi cation and identification of anti-inflammatory peptides from sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) cartilage

Cartilage is a nonedible byproduct with little saleable value.However,previous studies have proposed the possibility of producing peptides from cartilage with immune function modulation potential.The current study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory activity of peptides derived from sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii)cartilage in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.Five peptide sequences,including four novel peptides,were identified from ethanol-soluble cartilage hydrolysates.Among these five peptides,LTGP,LLLE,LLEL and VGPAGPAGP reduced the production of nitric oxide(NO)and interleukin-6(IL-6)while increasing interleukin-10(IL-10)excretion.Transcriptome analysis suggested the inhibition of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathways after LLEL intervention.MAPK,which is involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway,was further proved to be blocked by downregulating the phosphorylation of p38,extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase(ERK),and c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK).This novel peptide offers an attractive approach to develop functional foods.

膨化大豆替代豆粕对杂交鲟(Acipenser schrenckii♀×A.baerii♂)生长、消化酶活性及消化道形态的影响

在水温为19.0~23.0℃下,将初始体质量(75.3±3.8)g的杂交鲟(Acipenser schrenckii♀×A.baerii♂)饲养在室内循环水养殖系统内的圆柱型玻璃钢水槽(直径2 m,水深50 cm)中,投喂豆粕、膨化大豆、血粉、鱼粉、肉骨粉、玉米蛋白为蛋白源(粗蛋白43%左右),豆油、大豆磷脂为脂肪源的基础饲料,以膨化大豆0(G1组)、35.0%(G2组)、65.8%(G3组)及93.2%(G4组)的比例替换豆粕,饲养6周,研究不同替代水平对其消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响。结果显示,与G1组相比,摄食膨化大豆替代豆粕饲料的杂交鲟饲料系数降低,增重率和特定生长率显著提高(P<0.05),前肠、胃、十二指肠和瓣肠的脂肪酶活性和淀粉酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05),且与前肠、十二指肠和瓣肠的蛋白酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05),而随着替代比例的增加杂交鲟胃蛋白酶活性显著增加(P<0.05)。膨化大豆替代豆粕后,杂交鲟肠道的绒毛高度、宽度和肌层厚度呈上升趋势。综上所述,膨化大豆替代豆粕可改善杂交鲟消化酶活性和消化道组织形态,用膨化大豆替代杂交鲟饲料中豆粕具有明显优势。

Effect of Two Substrate Types on Feeding Efficiency by Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon Acipenser sinensis on Barcheek Goby Rhinogobius giurinus

We conducted experiments in an artificial stream tank with wild juvenile Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis captured in the Yangtze Estuary to test the null hypothesis that their feeding efficiency on Barcheek goby Rhinogobius giurinus was not affected by sand vs. smooth glass substrate. Gobies are among the most common prey eaten by wild juvenile A. sinensis in the estuary. Test results found neither substrate type significantly affected feeding efficiency by juveniles. Previous research found a strong innate habitat preference of A. sinensis for sand substrate. The present results indicate that the preference for sand is not related to efficiently capturing R. giurinus on sand, but is an adaptation predisposing juvenile A. sinensis to seek sandy substrate where R. giurinus and other benthic forage are the most abundant in the Yangtze Estuary.

金藻多糖对杂交鲟幼鱼(Acipenser baerii Brandt♀×A.schrenckii Brandt♂)生长性能、鱼体营养成分、血清指标及肠道菌群的影响

【目的】旨在研究金藻多糖对杂交鲟幼鱼生长性能、鱼体营养成分、血清指标和肠道菌群的影响。【方法】选用270尾杂交鲟幼鱼,随机分为3组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复放30尾鱼。各组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0%(JZ-0,对照组)、0.3%(JZ-1)和0.6%(JZ-2)金藻多糖的饲料组。试验期为84 d。【结果】JZ-1和JZ-2组的饲料系数(FCR)显著低于JZ-0组(P<0.05);JZ-2组的肥满度(CF)和饲料效率(FE)都显著性高于JZ-0(P<0.05);成活率(SR)特定生长率(SGR),增重率(WGR),脏体比(VSI),肝体比(HSI)各组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。JZ-1和JZ-2组的全鱼和肝脏粗脂肪含量显著低于JZ-0组的(P<0.05)。与JZ-0组相比,JZ-1组和JZ-2组血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著升高(P<0.05);JZ-2组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。MiseqPE300测序结果显示,添加金藻多糖的各试验组肠道菌群的Chaol、Observed species、PD whole tree和Shannon指数显著高于JZ-0组,NMDS结果显示JZ-1和JZ-2与JZ-0在肠道微生物组成上存在显著差异;试验组肠道菌群中梭杆菌门和放线菌门的比例降低,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的比例增加;狭义梭菌属、分节丝状菌属丰度增加。【结论】从经济效益的角度考虑,饲料中添加0.3%的金藻多糖较好。

Effects of the Chinese Medicinal Herb Com plex Additives on Non-specific Immunity of Amursturgeon( Acipenser schrencki Brandt)

This study was to investigate the effects of aqueous decotion from three Chinese medicinal herb additives （ Cyrtomium fortunei, prescription I and prescription II） on non-specific immunity of 1 ＋ age old Amur sturgeon （Acipenser schrencki Brandt） by oral perfusion. Cyrtomiumfortunei, prescription I and prescription II were orally given to 15 fishes for each experimental group once a day, with the concentration of 9,175 and 36 g/S0 kg body weight, respectively. The administration was lasted for 14 days. Meanwhile, distilled water was orally given as the control. After the experiment, some of the experimental fishes were stimulated with high temperature （30 ℃ ） for two hours. Sampling was performed from fishes treated at 22 ℃ and 30 ℃ for measuring the protein content in the serum, phagocytic activity of leucocytes and the activity of the lysozyme in six tissues. The results indicated that Cyrtomiumfortunei and prescription II could help to enhance the content of various proteins and the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. There was no significant change in the effects between these two additives at either the normal temperature or high temperature. Prescription I did not show an obvious effect on the immunity of fishes at the normal temperature, but it did in promo- ting high-efficiency response and improving immunoregulation of fish shocked by some stimuli.

Sex-Based Variation of Gene Expression in the Gonads and Fins of Russian Sturgeon (<i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i>)

Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) is a primitive freshwater fish and a source of black caviar. The genes involved in sexual determination and differentiation are still unknown and there are no molecular markers for sex identification in this species. Studying the variation of the sex-based differences in genomic sequences and in gene expression in the sturgeon may lead to markers of sex in early stages of development and advances in aquaculture, as well as provide novel insights about the evolution of reproduction, sex determination, and sexual differentiation mechanisms in vertebrates. Previous studies by our and other groups have identified differentially expressed genes in the gonads of adult female and male sturgeon. The current study aimed to test whether these genes were also differentially expressed in non-gonadal tissue, namely fins. We measured by qRT-PCR the mRNA levels of 29 known and novel sex-related genes in the gonads and fins of males (4 years old) and females (7 years old;sexual maturation is earlier in males than in females). Six genes (ATP6, IGFRM, LIA1A, S1A, NPL1A, GAPDH and SOX9) showed higher expression in female fins. However, only ATP6 mRNA levels differed in fins of males and females of the same age (4 years old). These findings underscore the impracticality of sex identification based on gene expression in non-gonadal tissue and the need for genetic sex markers in the Russian sturgeon.

Changes in growth and osmoregulation during acclimation to saltwater in juvenile Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii

We evaluated the ability of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) to osmoregulate and grow in saltwater. Hatchery-reared juveniles (mean weight 106.8 g, 5-month old) were transferred from freshwater to 10, 20, and 25 salinity saltwater over a period of 20 d. We measured the growth, serum osmolality, ion concentrations, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. In addition, we prepared samples of gill tissue to quantify morphological changes in gill ultrastructure. Rearing in up to 25 saltwater for 30 d had no significant effect on growth. Similarly, serum osmolality and ion concentrations were similar to levels reported in other teleosts following acclimation to saltwater. Serum osmolality and Na+, Cl- concentrations increased significantly with the initial increase in salinity. Afterwards, levels tended to stabilize and then decrease. Serum K+ levels did not change during acclimation to saltwater. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased initially as salinity was increased. However, the activity later decreased and, finally stabilized at 3.7±0.1 μmol Pi/mg·prot·h in 25 saltwater (1.6 times higher than the level in those in freshwater). In fish that were held only in freshwater, the chloride cells were located in the interlamellar regions of the filament and at the base of the lamella. Following acclimation to 25 saltwater for 30 d, the number and size of chloride cells increased significantly. Our results suggest that juvenile Amur sturgeon is able to tolerate, and grow in, relatively high concentrations of saltwater.

Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) Acclimatization to Optimal Growth Conditions—A Case Study of Adaptation, Nutrition, Reproduction, and Sex Determination

The development of new agricultural industries is an important challenge for a region’s economic establishment. The connection between a research department at MIGAL Institute and biotechnology in aquaculture is an example (case study) of the interrelationships that also exist in other departments. This article describes the research conducted by the institute supporting the development of the aquaculture industry in Israel through the introduction of a relatively new fish species—the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), with the relevant information to be used for acclimatization to aquaculture conditions in northern Israel. Many aspects related to bringing a new species to Israel and working with this new industry to study its adaptation to existing conditions in the north of the country influenced the economic success of this new type of precision agriculture. This article describes the research on various aspects affecting the successful acclimatization of Russian sturgeon in northern Israel: introduction, food development, reproduction, hormone systems that control reproduction and growth, gonadal development, and molecular markers for sex determination, differentiation, and economic assessment of caviar production.

Gut Peculiarities of Feed Deprived White Sturgeons (<i>Acipenser transmontanus</i>, Richardson 1836)

In the White sturgeon fish farms, some individuals have difficulty in getting access to food: such sturgeons are called "runts", and they result in a slower growth rate than normally feeding fish. In this paper, we have studied the gut peculiarities of runt sturgeons. Utilizing in paralleling an analysis of diatom populations in both the fish gut tissues and the rearing tank waters, we hypothesized a causative relation between the occurrence of runt sturgeons and periodic diatom blooms. In fact, we have observed that the diatom species identified in the aquatic environment were also detected in organs (Fragilaria spp and Rhoicosfenia spp for both glandular body, mid-intestine) of the runt sturgeon's gut, but not in tissues of normally feeding individuals. Owing to their siliceous wall, diatoms can be responsible for areas of epithetlial detachment in the mucosal surfaces of the alimentary canal and a catharral inflammation in both the gastric pits and intestinal folds which may be the cause of secondary bacterial diseases. We suggest that diatom blooms may contribute to the occurrence of runt sturgeons in the studied Italian fish farm.

Nitric oxide-factor, which regulates proliferation and apoptosis in the adult brain of amur sturgeon <i>Acipenser schrenckii</i>

The distribution of proliferative zones, NO-producing cells and apoptosis areas in the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, optic tectum, thalamus and hypothalamus of Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii was investigated, using techniques of immunoperoxidase staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), neuronal nitric oxide synthase and TU-NEL-labeling of fragmented DNA. It has been established, that in the sturgeon brain NO can act both as a cytotoxic proapoptogenic factor, and as a factor, which stimulates cell proliferation. The presence of NO-producing elements in somato- and viscerosensory areas of medulla oblongata, tectum, cerebellum and thalamus suppose, that in these brain areas NO constitutes apoptogenic factor, which induces the cells death in a territory of postmitotic neuroblasts, renders controlling effect on development and differentiating of chemosensory, visual, motor and hypophysotropic brain areas in postnatal ontogenesis. Maximal proliferating activity and high concentration of NO-ergic cells were revealed in external layers, adjoining to the medullar, cerebellar and tectum membranes, that allow to suppose NO participation in postnatal morphogenesis of these brain structures as a factor, which regulates cell proliferation. In sensory centers (tectum and nuclei of the V, VII, and X nerves), significantly varying ratios of intensities of proliferation and apoptosis were found;this is indicative of dissimilar rates of growth and differentiation in visual and chemosensory centers of the sturgeon brain. Presence of NO-producing elements in the PCNA- immuno-labeling and TUNEL-labeling brain areas allow to consider NO as a factor, which balances processes of proliferation and apoptosis in the sturgeon brain.

杂交鲟“鲟龙1号”(Huso dauricus♀×Acipenserschrenckii♂)atp1α1与atp1β1基因的克隆、序列分析及碱胁迫下鳃的表达特征

为探究碳酸盐碱度胁迫下杂交鲟“鲟龙1号”(Huso dauricus♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂)Na+/K+-ATP酶的分子响应机制,在水温(17±2)℃下,将体长(133.17±16.75)mm、体质量(12.43±3.99)g的30日龄“鲟龙1号”幼鱼饲养在曝气自来水[测定碱度为(3.16±0.03)mmol·L^(-1)(对照组,C组)]和用99%纯度的食用小苏打配置的碱度分别为(7.61±0.12)mmol·L^(-1)(T1组)、(12.10±0.05)mmol·L^(-1)(T2组)和(15.30±0.85)mmol·L^(-1)(T3组)的曝气自来水中。养殖到第30 d时,采集对照组杂交鲟的鳃、皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、头肾、肠道、眼、胃和肾脏和3个试验组的鳃,基于“鲟龙1号”的转录组数据,筛选差异表达基因atp1α1(Na+/K+-ATP酶α1亚基)与atp1β1(Na+/K+-ATP酶β1亚基),采用RACE技术克隆获得atp1α1基因与atp1β1基因的c DNA全长序列并分析其序列信息,采用荧光定量PCR技术分析了组织表达差异和碱度暴露鲟龙1号鳃的表达特征。结果显示,atp1α1基因的c DNA全长序列为3 407 bp,编码1 027个氨基酸(NKAα1),atp1β1基因的c DNA全长序列为2 170 bp,编码304个氨基酸(NKAβ1)。NKAα1和NKAβ1的二级结构主要为α-螺旋与无规则卷曲,有多个跨膜区,潜在磷酸化位点均为丝氨酸(Ser)、苏氨酸(Thr)和酪氨酸(Tyr)。同源比对结果发现,“鲟龙1号”的NKAα1和NKAβ1均与小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenus)的亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR结果显示,atp1α1基因在鳃中高表达,显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);atp1β1基因在心脏、肝脏、鳃和肠道中高表达;atp1α1基因在鳃的表达水平随碱度上升呈先上升后下降趋势,当碱度为7.61 mmol·L^(-1)时表达水平达最高;碱度高于12.10 mmol·L^(-1)时,atp1α1基因与atp1β1基因的表达水平均低于正常。综上所述,“鲟龙1号”的atp1α1基因与atp1β1基因分别编码NKA蛋白的重要亚基,参与了碳酸盐碱度应答,本研究为揭示鲟的耐盐碱分子调控机制提供理论基础。

亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和富硒螺旋藻对杂交鲟幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力及组织硒含量的影响

实验旨在研究饲料中不同类型和水平的硒源对杂交鲟(Acipenser baerii♂×Acipenser schrenckii♀)幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力及组织硒含量的影响。不同类型的硒源为亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和富硒螺旋藻,添加水平为0、0.4和1.2 mg/kg,制作对照饲料(C)、亚硒酸钠添加饲料(S1和S2)、酵母硒添加饲料(Y1和Y2)和富硒螺旋藻添加饲料(P1和P2)。使用实验饲料饲喂初始体重为(7.82±0.12)g的杂交鲟幼鱼,养殖62d。结果表明,不同硒源和硒水平对杂交鲟幼鱼的特定生长率和饲料效率无显著影响(P>0.05)。高水平亚硒酸钠显著提高了全鱼和肝脏硒含量(P<0.05),但对肌肉和脊椎骨硒含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。高水平酵母硒和富硒藻螺旋添加组杂交鲟幼鱼的全鱼、肝脏、肌肉及脊椎骨硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。酵母硒添加组的血浆总蛋白(TP)和总胆固醇(TC)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,高水平硒添加组杂交鲟幼鱼的血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组和低水平硒添加组(P<0.05)。亚硒酸钠组肌肉硒含量与全鱼硒含量显著正相关(P<0.05),与肝脏硒含量显著负相关(P<0.05)。血浆GSH-Px活性与肌肉、脊椎骨和肝脏硒含量正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,高水平硒添加可以提高全鱼及肝脏硒含量,不同类型硒在鱼体的蓄积模式不一致,高水平的有机硒(酵母硒和富硒螺旋藻)添加比无机硒(亚硒酸钠)更易在肌肉和脊椎骨中蓄积;高水平硒添加可显著提高杂交鲟抗氧化能力,不同硒源对杂交鲟的抗氧化能力无显著影响。

杂交鲟“京龙1号”养殖试验

为对比鲟鱼新品种杂交鲟“京龙1号”和普通西杂鲟(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂杂交)的生长情况,进行了从苗种培育到养殖阶段的养殖对比试验。试验于2023年2月26日放苗,11月23日测产,通过比较两个品种养殖平均体质量、单位产量和成活率,得出新品种杂交鲟“京龙1号”具有生长速度快、成活率高、抗病性强、产量高的优点。

葛洲坝下游中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)产卵场地形分析

根据1981年葛洲坝截流至1998年对葛洲坝坝下河床研究的历史资料，结合1999—2006年间获得的中华鲟产卵场所在江段河床的5次地形数据，采用AreGIS9．0软件，对中华鲟产卵场河床的高程、坡度、坡向等地形因子进行了详细分析。结果表明：葛洲坝至磨基山江段中华鲟产卵场与历史产卵场相比具有极其相似的特征，临江溪至虎牙滩江段中华鲟自然繁殖频率不高可能主要是因为地形不符合要求，从而造成相关的水文因子也不能满足需要。中华鲟自然繁殖前期的迁徙分布和产卵后受精卵的散播与河床地形都有一定的关系，葛洲坝水利枢纽下游河势调整工程较大地改变了葛洲坝至庙咀江段河床的地形，地形复杂度的增加可能对中华鲟自然繁殖前期的栖息有利，而河床坡度、底质的改变则可能会对中华鲟受精卵的散播和发育产生不利影响。有必要结合中华鲟历史产卵场精确的地形数据，对“中华鲟产卵场功能分区模型假说”进行验证，并针对产卵场地形对中华鲟自然繁殖的影响，做出进一步探讨。

铅暴露致中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼弯曲畸形与畸形恢复

铅是一种常见的污染物,在水环境中广泛分布并在水生食物链中富集,具有持久的生态效应.中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)是我国特有的珍稀濒危大型洄游性鱼类,极具学术价值和生态价值.为了探索中华鲟在生命早期接触铅后的损伤和自我修复机制,采用水溶液静态置换法,从中华鲟受精卵发育至96h开始,进行了16周的Pb2+暴露试验,随后继续6周的排放试验.结果显示:经0.8mg·L-1和1.6mg·L-1的Pb2+暴露16周,中华鲟幼鱼会发生弯曲畸形,而0.2mg·L-1Pb2+暴露组未出现畸形个体.畸形弯曲位置主要发生在近胸鳍起点处以及背鳍起点至尾鳍末端之间,多伴有尾鳍末端下垂.Pb2+暴露浓度越高,畸形弯曲越严重,但未见椎骨变形.畸形个体的自主活动能力和摄食能力明显降低.Pb2+排放后,畸形个体的弯曲程度由重度向轻度转变而恢复正常,弯曲程度越轻恢复越快,畸形恢复个体的自主活动能力和摄食能力均明显得到恢复并逐渐复原.表明中华鲟幼鱼具有较强的排铅能力和铅损伤后的自我修复能力.

响应面优化即食风味鲟鱼加工工艺及其贮藏品质分析

为开发小包装即食风味鲟鱼零食,以感官评分、色值和质地为评价指标,通过响应面法优化即食鲟鱼的加工工艺,并对其常温贮藏品质进行分析。结果显示,最佳工艺参数为香葱粉0.2%、生姜粉0.4%、八角粉0.3%、桂皮0.3%、黑胡椒粉0.2%、酱油4.0%、老抽11%、食盐2.0%、味精1.0%、牛肉膏3.0%、玉米淀粉1.0%、白砂糖5.0%、脱腥时间29 min、煮制时间15 min。此时即食风味鲟鱼香味浓郁,口感细腻,色泽诱人,是一款优质的休闲零食。即食风味鲟鱼贮藏25 d无胀袋和发霉,并且保鲜处理对产品的贮藏品质有一定提升作用。

史氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)两种促性腺激素β亚基的原核表达

采用遗传工程方法,重组表达史氏鲟两种促性腺激素β亚基蛋白。选用原核表达载体pET-22b(+),分别插入史氏鲟GtHⅠ&Ⅱβ亚基成熟肽cDNA序列,构建成C端含有6个组氨酸(6-His)融合蛋白标签的表达质粒;分别转化大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)并诱导表达2个基因。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示重组融合蛋白相对分子质量分别为:GtHⅠβ亚基大约14 000,GtHⅡβ亚基15 000左右。分别用抗6个组氨酸融合标签的单克隆抗体及兔抗鲟鱼GTH多克隆抗体对2个表达蛋白进行Western-Blot分析,结果显示重组蛋白表达正确且有较高的免疫活性。GTHⅠβ重组蛋白在2 h就有明显的表达,6 h后随着时间增加表达量不再增加;25℃诱导重组蛋白产量比37℃诱导产量低。获得的重组蛋白质将可用于建立鲟鱼GtH的放射免疫测定方法。

人工养殖下施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii、达氏鳇Huso dauricus及其杂交后代的繁殖特性

2013年11月~2014年11月,测量5批次施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii、黑龙江杂交鲟（达氏鳇Huso dauricus♀×施氏鲟♂）和达氏鳇Huso dauricus（共644尾）的体长、体质量,观察其生长、个体繁殖力、卵巢发育、卵径、卵质量和卵色等。结果表明：3种鲟雌亲鱼的体长与体质量差异显著,施氏鲟的体长和体质量显著小于杂交鲟与达氏鳇（P〈0.05）,而杂交鲟的体长和体质量则显著小于达氏鳇（P〈0.05）。施氏鲟、杂交鲟和达氏鳇雌亲鱼的成熟系数（GSI）和繁殖力差异显著,杂交鲟的GSI和平均绝对繁殖力显著高于施氏鲟和达氏鳇（P〈0.05）,而施氏鲟与达氏鳇的GSI无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。杂交鲟的相对繁殖力（Fw）显著高于施氏鲟与达氏鳇。3种鲟雌亲鱼产卵质量与体质量比值以10%~15%为主,该比值范围内雌性施氏鲟个体数约占同龄雌性个体的42.66%,杂交鲟为42.91%,达氏鳇为41.93%。施氏鲟和杂交鲟的卵多为棕色,而达氏鳇的卵为棕灰色。达氏鳇的卵径显著大于施氏鲟与杂交鲟。杂交鲟的绝对繁殖力、相对繁殖力及成熟系数均高于施氏鲟与达氏鳇,具有明显的杂交优势。

两种饵料驯养对长江鲟嗅觉器官发育及嗅觉感应能力的影响

为探究水蚯蚓和配合饲料驯养对长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)嗅觉系统影响,研究通过组织学方法观察长江鲟嗅觉器官发育,利用嗅觉电生理技术测量其嗅觉敏感性及采用行为选择实验比较两组不同饵料驯养长江鲟的摄食偏好差异。结果显示:44d和64d水蚯蚓组长江鲟与配合饲料组相比,嗅觉上皮细胞表面积更大,感觉细胞数量更多,纤毛层更厚;两组长江鲟对丙氨酸的嗅觉敏感性无显著差异(P>0.05),水蚯蚓组对甘氨酸和精氨酸的嗅觉敏感性更大(P<0.05);两组长江鲟对各自驯养饵料均表现出明显摄食偏好(P<0.05)。研究结果表明:不同饵料驯养会影响长江鲟的嗅觉器官发育和嗅觉感知能力,水蚯蚓驯化的长江鲟嗅觉器官接收和传导信号能力更强。对配合饲料喂养的长江鲟进行增殖放流前的饵料驯化有助于提高其放流后对自然饵料的嗅觉感知能力,增强野外摄食能力。

Prediction of Secondary Structure and B Cell Epitope of GH Protein from Acipenser sinensis

[ Objective] The aim was to predict the secondary structure and B cell epitope of growth hormone （GH） protein from Acipenser sinensis. [Method] With the amino acid sequence of GH protein from A. sinensis as the base, the secondary structure of GH protein from A. sinensis was predicted by the method of Gamier-Robson, Chou-Fasman and Karpius-Schulz, and its cell epitope was predicted by the method of Kyte- Doolittle, Emini and Jameson-Wolf. [Result] The sections of 18 -23, 55 -55, 67 -73, 83 -86,112 -114,151 -157 and 209 -211 in the N terminal of GH protein molecule had softer structure and these sections could sway or fold to produce more complex tertiary structure. The sections of 19 -23, 51 -71,84 -95, 128 -139, 164 -176 and 189 -195 in the N terminal of GH protein could be the epitope of B cell and there were flexible regions in these sections or near these sections of GH protein molecule. So the dominant regions could be in these sections or near these sections. [ Conclusion] The research provided the basis for the preparation of monoctonal antibody of GH protein from A. sinensis and provided the reference for the discussion for the molecular regulation mechanism of A. sinensis.