Research on the Classification of Western Literary Criticism Under M. H. Abrams’Fourfold Model

This study explores the application of Abrams’Fourfold Model in the classification of Western literary criticism.Abrams’framework categorizes literary criticism into four fundamental elements:text,author,world,and audience.The text is viewed as an independent entity with intrinsic artistic value,necessitating a detailed analysis of its structure,style,themes,and symbols.Author study delves into the creator’s life and socio-cultural context,often to uncover the work’s deeper meanings.Contextual study situates the work within its historical and social milieu,examining its reflection of or response to societal norms and events.Audience response analysis considers the diverse interpretations shaped by readers’backgrounds,emphasizing the reader’s role in constructing the work’s meaning.The study concludes that Abrams’Fourfold Model offers a comprehensive and flexible analytical tool,enabling critics to engage with literary works from multiple perspectives,thereby enriching the understanding of literary complexity and diversity.

Innovative Teaching Research on Literary Theory and Criticism

As a core compulsory course for English majors majoring in teacher education,Literary Theory and Criticism plays an important role in enhancing text understanding,cultivating critical thinking,and shaping correct values in the future development of students.Influenced by traditional teaching ideas,students have many difficulties when learning this course,such as insufficient theoretical understanding,inadequate ability improvement,and not enough investment in course learning.In response to the above issues,this course focuses closely on the fundamental task of“cultivating virtue and nurturing people”,relying on modern information technology and introducing research methods of digital humanities.This course uses“7C”teaching mode under the“three-level integration”,in which“teaching”and“education”are carried out synchronously,and“teacher”and“student”are developed together,in order to greatly enhance students’learning participation and course satisfaction.

On Ethical Literary Criticism and Game Theory--An Interview with Professor Nie Zhenzhao

In 2014,Huang Kaihong,a professor at School of Foreign Languages and Cultures,Southwest University of Science and Technology,interviewed the Doctoral advisor Professor Nie Zhenzhao during the period of his academic visiting to Central China Normal University.As early as in 2005,Huang Kaihong conducted an interview with Professor Nie Zhenzhao on the topic of the general introduction of ethical literary criticism.So around 11 years later,the second interview mainly covers not only the ethical literary criticism theory,but the game theory and the relationship between them as well.Professor Nie thinks whether the game theory can be applied to literature research is still under discussion.The theory of ethical literary criticism is a kind of methodology based on science and it can get the attention of literary critics at home and abroad,which is because it fits the practical needs of literary criticism,draws the literary criticism away from only emphasizing criticism genres and the research of criticism terms,and pays attention to the true nature of the literary text in literature research.After consulting Professor Nie Zhenzhao about some related questions from the perspective of game theory.Huang Kaihong gets some significant information concerning literature research and understands the latest core terms and the concrete application method of ethical literary criticism,especially the relationship between the instructing and aesthetic functions of literature.

On the Ethical Dimensions of Literary Criticism in the Realm of We Media

In the realm of We Media,literary criticism is not completely free and unrestricted during its continuous production process;instead,it should adhere to certain ethical norms.The ethical dimensions of literary criticism in We Media focus on fostering a fair relationship between criticism activities and text,society,and the audience in order to facilitate healthy and orderly criticism that yields positive outcomes.The ethics of literary criticism in We Media can be categorized into aesthetic ethics,cultural ethics,political ethics,and media ethics within its internal structure,all of which ultimately converge into the realm of art production ethics.It is important to embrace a consciousness of intersubjectivity and adopt a cognitive approach of situationism in order to avoid blind restrictions and misjudgments in order to foster a positive and healthy ecosystem for literary criticism in We Media.Additionally,it is crucial to adhere to bottom-line thinking and emphasize responsibility,taste,and discipline while regulating the field of criticism,the audience,and critical text.

Reading of The Guiltless from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

The Guiltless is Hermann Broch’s last novel,and it is also a work that embodies Broch’s literary and artistic view.The novel takes place in a period of social and historical change,and the conflict between the old and the new ethical relations leads to the confusion of the ethical relations,which causes the relationship between the characters to become distorted.This paper tries to analyze the relationship between Baroness W and her family from the perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism in aspects of ethical environment,ethical selection and ethical identity.It reveals that in the period of social and historical change,in the environment of social ethics disorder,the distorted ethical selection of characters and the loss of ethical identity.Hermann Broch attempts to arouse readers’ethical reflection by depicting such an era and such characters.

民国时期报刊术语研究——以“Literary Criticism”(文学批评)为例

民国时期是中西文化、观念交互的热潮时期。国外的教育体系、学科分治以及理论术语都渐进国内,“Literary Criticism”(文学批评)便是其中之一。报刊作为当时信息负载量最大、传播速度及范围最广的媒介,术语初始的引入、争论、内涵、变革踪迹在报刊记载中较后人追述的更为鲜活,更具历史真实感。文章通过阅览近300余篇以“文学批评”为主题的民国报刊,从“文学、文学批评、文学批评家”命名之辨;“新旧、中外、文论早期转型”以及“科学、权力、话语言说启示”三个方面分析了民国时期语境中的“文学批评”中国之旅,之特征,之提示。

Ethical Literary Criticism and Overseas Promotion of Chinese Academics

As a new method of literary criticism raised by Chinese scholars,ethical literary criticism has created a theoretical system with Chinese characteristics and become the successful"going global"model of Chinese academics by standing on the Chinese context and adhering to the spirit of not forgetting the origin,absorbing the foreign,and facing the future through more than10 years of advocacy and practice.This paper analyzes and summarizes the inheritance,nationality,integration and innovation of the theory of literary ethical criticism on the basis of combing the development history of ethical literary criticism at home and abroad,and then analyzes four important reasons why ethical literary criticism can successfully represent the"going global"of Chinese academics.This paper also discusses the current situation,problems,solutions,trend and future of ethical literary criticism,and points out that ethical literary criticism provides model and reference for realizing the grand blueprint of the"going global"of Chinese academics.

An Experimental Method to Read Novels Without Literary Criticism

Though novel reading is a common experience to everybody,little has been researched to help average readers to understand a novel.In practice,there are two ways for them to understand a novel:one is to use literary criticism theories and the other is to refer to professional critics'criticism directly.However,the trouble is that the two methods are either time-consuming or far from convincing.In this paper,an experimental reading method is discussed to help average readers enhance reading experience.It aims at reaching the goal of reading without criticism,which,through making clear the aim of reading,putting main focus on the story only,will help readers to have a better understanding of reading.

The Benign Interaction among Literary Creation, Criticism and Theory from the Perspective of Bottom Writing： Taking ＂Tu Ziqiang＇s Personal Sorrow＂ as an Example

The heated conversations about Fang Fang＇s ＂Tu Ziqiang＇s Personal Sorrow＂ among the author, readers and critics are a typical example of the bottom literature which emerged in the 1990s. Starting with the controversies aroused by the novella, this paper discusses the relationships among literary creation, criticism and theory in the bottom writing. The problem of the social bottom is not only an economic or political problem, but also such a complicated cultural problem that has attracted increasing attention in the field of human science. As it were, around the problem of the bottom class, a new public field integrating different kinds of writing forms and various theoretical materials is formed. The Benign interaction among literary creation, criticism and theory will both benefit to the overall development of literature and provide resources for the theoretical construction.

On the“Productivity”of Contemporary Literary Criticism

The“Productivity”of literary criticism refers to the composition of the literary organization that constitutes the text and its contradictions and deficiencies in the reading activities,and actively explores the meaning of the text,and discovers what is not spoken in the text,and separates the meaning of the text,that is,criticism is an interpretation of practice and productive behavior.Since the 20th century,Althusser,Macherey,Jameson,and Eagleton have revealed the complex relationship between text form and ideology and social history,aiming at clarifying the process of text structure participating in the entire literary production.The creativity and constructiveness of productive criticism is also in line with the trend of contemporary literary criticism from textual criticism to cultural criticism.The reason why criticism is productive is that it can roughly seek the reasons for its existence from the aspects of linguistics,reception aesthetics and paradigm.

Feminist Literary Criticism: A Paradigm of Matriarchy inLiterature

Feminist literary theory underpins literature from matriarchal perspective revolting against prototype patriarchal ritual i.e.established dogmatism,superstition,close-eyed religious propaganda,language engineering and so forth.It questions the textual politics of dissipating womankind in literature.It shatters long-cherishing outlook of gender inequality,gender politics,power relation,sexual objectification,oppression,patriarchy,stereotyping and so on.In this connection,this theory sees women along with their experiences,thinking,language,position and role playing,cultural conditioning,diction,and above all,matriarchal assertion in literature.Feminist literary criticism has been generated from feminism and the basic aim of the theory is to investigate and trace out how female characters have been positioned in literature compared with male characters in terms of social and biological factors of different ages of the past started from antiquity.Feminist literary theory has also deconstructed texts from two different perspectives i.e.text written by men and text written by women.This paper attempts to evalualte feminist literary criticism as a subtle machinery or paradigm of matriarchy not only in avant-garde but also in old texts of literature.

Philosophy, Feminist Literary Criticism and ＂The Difference＂

This paper discusses the present-day philosophical rupture away from identitarian thinking, and how the former has influenced the world of the feminist literary criticism of today. Herein, we embark on a journey from its awakenings back in the 1960s. We begin our quest with Kate Millett, we will continue our discussion with Irigaray, Cixous, or Kristeva and their analysis of the difference created by gender. And, we will reflect on the influence it has made to the American movement. We use the aforementioned as the lead towards the theory of deconstruction in authors such as Felman or Spivak, and how we reach the concept of performativity of gender in line with Butler and the queer theory.

How Is Tech Criticism Possible?On the Significance of Digital Technology as a Paradigm of Literary Criticism

Technology is one of the basic dimensions of literary criticism,but it is often ignored for multiple reasons.As digital technology intervenes in literary production,literary criticism is being approached through the technological dimension.Technology-Based literary criticism now transcends linguistic centrism,using digital technology as a means and method of literary criticism,and bringing technology to the center stage of literary criticism.Technology-Based literary criticism,which features an intersection of interpretive and empirical perspectives,triggers multiple transmutations of the subjects of literary criticism,and also enriches the connotations of literary texts.Tech criticism came from,and has evolved with the changes of literary criticism in the productive forces and the relations of production,which are driven by digital technology.What digital technology has opened up for literary criticism is a comprehensive field,where literary criticism is in a transboundary dynamic of "relational production." Therefore,we need to develop a sense of relation and a sense of systems to better interpret present-day literary criticism.

Reading the Iraqi War Narrative Sand Queen from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

An US woman soldier and an Iraqi medical student were given a voice to their feelings in Helen Benedict’s Iraqi war Narrative Sand Queen.It was the first time war stories had been told by two women from different nations.Character-narrator Kate Brady,a female American soldier,tells the story about how she tried to be an independent woman respected in American society by the way of being a female soldier,but failed in the end.The thesis focuses on Kate’s narration and analyzes her ethical choices from the perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism.By probing into the ethical situation Kate faces,and exploring the ethical conflicts among rational will and natural will on Kate,this thesis attempts to reveal what led to Kate’s ethical choices and caused her ethical confusion,and more importantly,what made her dreams shatter.

A New Way to Look into Literature——Comment on Structuralist Literary Criticism

What is structruralism?Is it a school or a movement?Many critics agreethat structruralism is,in a broad sense,a revolution in the human thinkingprocess.Structuralism is,as Barthe,properly defined in,the activity of re-defining all the cultural phenomena,an activity grounded in the belief th-at like language,a myth,wrestling match,system of tribal kinship orrestaurant menu is a system of signs,In this connection,structuralism ismuch concerned with and influenced by the modern schools of linguisticsespecially by the structural linguistics originated by Sausure.

The New Development of Marxist Literary Criticism Today: An Interview with Barbara Foley

本访谈考察了马克思主义理论、马克思主义文学批评、马克思主义教学法等领域的批评方法和当下挑战。福莱教授认为马克思主义理论提供了一种"元理论",一种"特权"立场,对研究文学、政治和历史之间的联系及其内部关系而言极为有利。在审视了马克思主义基本理论,如历史唯物主义、政治经济学和意识形态批评等的基础上,福莱教授阐释了长期以来有关文学本质的争论并确立了马克思主义文学批评基本话语范式。本访谈也探讨了自古典时期迄今、兼具保守性和革新性气质的诸多文学文本,力图表明马克思主义在阐释抽象的社会力量及其文学表现形式之间多样式、多层次的交往和呼应等领域仍发挥着持续的功能。福莱教授《当代马克思主义文学批评》以方便教学为目标,能够为21世纪那些对新颖突出的文本、体裁和文化争论与唯物主义研究的传统原则之关联感兴趣的读者提供指引。

The Latest Development of Ethical Literary Criticism in the World

The series A Study on Ethical Literary Criticism exhibits key achievements in the major program of national social sciences by scholars headed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao,who are devoted to the research of foreign literatures,studies in philosophy and social sciences,and interdisciplinary study of world literature,who dedicated themselves to the construction of the ethical literary critical theory and methodology with the application of ethical literary criticism in practice.This series organically combine the generality of ethical literary criticism with the individuality of specific writers and combine the theoretical guidance with realistic practicality in academic research,which will be conducive to the development of world literary criticism and region and country-specific studies in the new era.

A Study of Archetypal Criticism

Archetypal criticism originates from anthropology, psychology and literary criticism. It is also a new and international attempt for us to discuss about the origin of literature and its development. Archetypal Criticism is an important genre of the Literature Criticism. It has great impact not only on the West Literature Criticism but also on the Chinese Literature. As a means for analyzing literary works, archetypal criticism expands the space of literature analysis. It is also propitious for people to reveal the deep thinking and deep human psychology in literary works. In the field of today's art and literary criticism, archetypal criticism is still of important significance and worth studying.

Future of Feminist criticism Research in China

As one indispensable part of the twentieth century western literary criticisms,Feminist Criticism has shown its charming feature and affected the world greatly.This paper briefly introduces the past,present and future of Feminist Criticism in China,showing that the research and application of it will have its bright future.

论空间转向:关于空间形式、空间批评与地理批评的概述

空间形式几乎是所有时代和所有文化共有的文学经验与文学阐释的重要方面。空间首先是一个物理的观念,极早成为欧几里得几何学的基本内容。欧洲物理学、哲学、形而上学关于空间及其属性的争论持续了2000多年。空间、地理空间、社会空间、空间形式、空间批评、空间转向是一组相互关联的人文观念。1945年约瑟夫·弗兰克提出了现代文学中的空间形式。空间批评发生于1950-1980年代,巴什拉尔、勒菲弗尔、福柯、詹明信、曼德尔、哈维等从人文地理学、马克思主义、文化批评理论等角度越来越多地关注了空间理论。“空间转向”发生于1990年前后。21世纪初期,其革新的学者范式及其方法迅速从人文地理学扩展/散播到哲学、文学、艺术研究诸领域。