Acrylonitrile-sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer/layered double hydroxides nanocomposites were prepared by in situ aqueous precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile （AN） and sodium styrene sulfonate （SSS） in...Acrylonitrile-sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer/layered double hydroxides nanocomposites were prepared by in situ aqueous precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile （AN） and sodium styrene sulfonate （SSS） in the presence of 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate intercalated layered double hydroxides （MgA1-VBS LDHs） and transferred to acrylonitrile-styrene sulfonic acid （AN-SSA） copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites as a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte. MgA1-VBS LDHs were prepared by a coprecipitation method, and the structure and composition of MgAl-VBS LDHs were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction result of AN-SSS copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites indicated that the LDHs layers were well dispersed in the AN-SSS copolymer matrix. All the AN-SSS copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites showed significant enhancement of the decomposition temperatures compared with the pristine AN-SSS copolymer, as identified by the thermogravimetric analysis. The methanol crossover was decreased and the proton conductivity was highly enhanced for the AN-SSA copolymer/LDHs nanocomposite electrolyte systems. In the case of the nanocomposite electrolyte containing 2% （by mass） LDHs, the proton conductivity of 2.60×10^- 3 S·m^-1 was achieved for the polymer electrolyte.展开更多
Palm fiber (PF) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite matrix was prepared by employing Injection Moulding Machine (IMM). Palm fiber was collected from ten different trees of different age group fr...Palm fiber (PF) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite matrix was prepared by employing Injection Moulding Machine (IMM). Palm fiber was collected from ten different trees of different age group from Comilla region in Bangladesh. Three sets of samples were prepared for three different wt% (5%, 10% and 20%) of fiber contents. The mechanical (tensile strength, flexural stress, micro hardness, Leeb’s rebound hardness) and physical (bulk density and water absorption) properties were measured. The observed result reveals that the tensile strength (TS) and flexural stress (FS) were decreased with increasing fiber contents in the PF-ABS composites except 10% fiber content.展开更多
With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by prep...With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by preparation of polymer blends gives rise to new materials with tailored properties. More complex, three-component systems, obtained by the addition of polymeric modifier to polymer filled composites may be of interest. Use of Fly ash cenospheres is very attractive because it is inexpensive and its use can reduce the environmental pollution to a significant extent. In the present study, Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)-Fly ash cenospheres composites were prepared using extrusion followed by Injection molding. The effect of matrix modification with Methyl methacrylate– acrylonitrile -butadiene–styrene (MABS) on the performance of PMMA- Fly ash cenospheres compositions was also, studied. It was found that with the addition of Fly ash cenospheres particulate as filler in PMMA showed marginal reduction in Tensile Strength, % Elongation and Impact strength and improvement in Flexural Strength, Heat Deflection Temperature and Vicat Softening Point. Compared with PMMA-cenospheres composites, the notched Impact Strength of the PMMA/MABS/cenospheres composites showed marginal enhancement in values at higher loading of cenospheres. The optimum performances in mechanical and thermal properties were obtained when the ratio of MABS to cenospheres was 1:2.展开更多
In this paper, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） nanocomposite foams are produced using carbon dioxide through the solid-state batch process. Microcellular closed-cell foams are produced with the relative densit...In this paper, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） nanocomposite foams are produced using carbon dioxide through the solid-state batch process. Microcellular closed-cell foams are produced with the relative density ranging from 0.38 to 0.97. The effects of the processing conditions on the density, morphology, and flexural properties of ABS and its nanocomposite foams are studied. It is found that nanoclay particles, as nucleating sites, play an important role in reducing the size of cells and increasing their number in the unit volume of foamed polymer, as well as increasing the flexural modulus of foam through reinforcing its matrix.展开更多
In this paper, the effects of build parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) are investigated. Full factorial experimen...In this paper, the effects of build parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) are investigated. Full factorial experimental design incorporating a 2-level, 3-factor design with raster angle, layer thickness and interior fill style was carried out. Tensile tests were performed at four different strain rates to determine how the build parameters influence the mechanical properties of the 3-D printed ABS and to assess its strain rate sensitivity under quasi-static loading. It was found that the modulus of toughness of ABS material is most influenced by raster angle, while the interior fill style is the most dominant build parameter that dictates the specimen’s modulus of resilience, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. At all strain rates, it is further revealed that higher mean values of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and modulus of resilience were obtained when the interior fill style is solid as opposed to high density. This can be attributed to the denser structure and higher effective cross-sectional area in solid interior fill style in comparison with high density interior fill style. However, the influence of the layer thickness on the investigated mechanical properties was found to be inconsistent. It was noted that specimens built with both 0.254 mm layer thickness and the cross [0°/90°] raster angle had superior mechanical properties when compared to those built with the 0.3302 mm layer thickness and cross [0°/90°] raster angle. This suggests that there is a key interaction between the layer thickness and the raster angle. At any FDM build parameter, it was found that all the mechanical properties investigated in this work exhibited modest sensitivity to strain rates. This study has provided a platform for an appropriate selection of build parameters combinations and strain rates for additive manufacturing of 3D-printed ABS with improved mechanical properties.展开更多
Palygorskite （PGS） and vinyl tris-（2-methoxyethoxy） silane （KH-172） modified palygorskite （OPGS） were used to prepare acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS）/clay composites. Thermal stability of the composite...Palygorskite （PGS） and vinyl tris-（2-methoxyethoxy） silane （KH-172） modified palygorskite （OPGS） were used to prepare acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS）/clay composites. Thermal stability of the composites was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The morphology of the fractured surface and the degree of dispersion of the clay in the ABS matrix were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis results showed the variation of the crystal structure. Measurements of the tensile properties of the ABS/clay composites proved that the ABS/OPGS composited material represented the most excellent tensile property, because of good compatibility and dispersion of ABS with OPGS.展开更多
The emulsion polymerization of N-phenylmaleimide, Styrene and acrylonitrile was studied. The thermal property of this copolymer was measures by dynamic thermomechanical analysis(DMA). The mechanical properties, such a...The emulsion polymerization of N-phenylmaleimide, Styrene and acrylonitrile was studied. The thermal property of this copolymer was measures by dynamic thermomechanical analysis(DMA). The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, hardness and fie-cural Strength were StUdied experimentally. The results indicated that not only the monomer component but also the polymerization technologies have effect on the properties of the copolymer. The optimum monomer content and suitable polymerization method were obtained.展开更多
The residual levels and migration behavior of volatile substances were detected using HS-GC/MS for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) toys, thermoplastic elastomer toys, and rubber toys made from 1,3-buta...The residual levels and migration behavior of volatile substances were detected using HS-GC/MS for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) toys, thermoplastic elastomer toys, and rubber toys made from 1,3-butadiene and styrene found on the Japanese market. The maximum residual level of these volatile substances was 2600 μg/g of styrene in ABS toys. In particular, the levels of known carcinogens 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and acrylonitrile are 5.3, 2.5 and 55 μg/g, which are much lower than the EU limit of 0.1%. Furthermore, some volatile substances migrated from ABS toys into water in amounts of 3 -40 ng/mL. Thermoplastic elastomer toys and rubber toys contained these volatile substances at significantly lower levels than ABS toys.展开更多
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-07-0738)
文摘Acrylonitrile-sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer/layered double hydroxides nanocomposites were prepared by in situ aqueous precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile （AN） and sodium styrene sulfonate （SSS） in the presence of 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate intercalated layered double hydroxides （MgA1-VBS LDHs） and transferred to acrylonitrile-styrene sulfonic acid （AN-SSA） copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites as a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte. MgA1-VBS LDHs were prepared by a coprecipitation method, and the structure and composition of MgAl-VBS LDHs were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction result of AN-SSS copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites indicated that the LDHs layers were well dispersed in the AN-SSS copolymer matrix. All the AN-SSS copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites showed significant enhancement of the decomposition temperatures compared with the pristine AN-SSS copolymer, as identified by the thermogravimetric analysis. The methanol crossover was decreased and the proton conductivity was highly enhanced for the AN-SSA copolymer/LDHs nanocomposite electrolyte systems. In the case of the nanocomposite electrolyte containing 2% （by mass） LDHs, the proton conductivity of 2.60×10^- 3 S·m^-1 was achieved for the polymer electrolyte.
文摘Palm fiber (PF) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite matrix was prepared by employing Injection Moulding Machine (IMM). Palm fiber was collected from ten different trees of different age group from Comilla region in Bangladesh. Three sets of samples were prepared for three different wt% (5%, 10% and 20%) of fiber contents. The mechanical (tensile strength, flexural stress, micro hardness, Leeb’s rebound hardness) and physical (bulk density and water absorption) properties were measured. The observed result reveals that the tensile strength (TS) and flexural stress (FS) were decreased with increasing fiber contents in the PF-ABS composites except 10% fiber content.
文摘With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by preparation of polymer blends gives rise to new materials with tailored properties. More complex, three-component systems, obtained by the addition of polymeric modifier to polymer filled composites may be of interest. Use of Fly ash cenospheres is very attractive because it is inexpensive and its use can reduce the environmental pollution to a significant extent. In the present study, Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)-Fly ash cenospheres composites were prepared using extrusion followed by Injection molding. The effect of matrix modification with Methyl methacrylate– acrylonitrile -butadiene–styrene (MABS) on the performance of PMMA- Fly ash cenospheres compositions was also, studied. It was found that with the addition of Fly ash cenospheres particulate as filler in PMMA showed marginal reduction in Tensile Strength, % Elongation and Impact strength and improvement in Flexural Strength, Heat Deflection Temperature and Vicat Softening Point. Compared with PMMA-cenospheres composites, the notched Impact Strength of the PMMA/MABS/cenospheres composites showed marginal enhancement in values at higher loading of cenospheres. The optimum performances in mechanical and thermal properties were obtained when the ratio of MABS to cenospheres was 1:2.
文摘In this paper, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） nanocomposite foams are produced using carbon dioxide through the solid-state batch process. Microcellular closed-cell foams are produced with the relative density ranging from 0.38 to 0.97. The effects of the processing conditions on the density, morphology, and flexural properties of ABS and its nanocomposite foams are studied. It is found that nanoclay particles, as nucleating sites, play an important role in reducing the size of cells and increasing their number in the unit volume of foamed polymer, as well as increasing the flexural modulus of foam through reinforcing its matrix.
文摘In this paper, the effects of build parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) are investigated. Full factorial experimental design incorporating a 2-level, 3-factor design with raster angle, layer thickness and interior fill style was carried out. Tensile tests were performed at four different strain rates to determine how the build parameters influence the mechanical properties of the 3-D printed ABS and to assess its strain rate sensitivity under quasi-static loading. It was found that the modulus of toughness of ABS material is most influenced by raster angle, while the interior fill style is the most dominant build parameter that dictates the specimen’s modulus of resilience, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. At all strain rates, it is further revealed that higher mean values of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and modulus of resilience were obtained when the interior fill style is solid as opposed to high density. This can be attributed to the denser structure and higher effective cross-sectional area in solid interior fill style in comparison with high density interior fill style. However, the influence of the layer thickness on the investigated mechanical properties was found to be inconsistent. It was noted that specimens built with both 0.254 mm layer thickness and the cross [0°/90°] raster angle had superior mechanical properties when compared to those built with the 0.3302 mm layer thickness and cross [0°/90°] raster angle. This suggests that there is a key interaction between the layer thickness and the raster angle. At any FDM build parameter, it was found that all the mechanical properties investigated in this work exhibited modest sensitivity to strain rates. This study has provided a platform for an appropriate selection of build parameters combinations and strain rates for additive manufacturing of 3D-printed ABS with improved mechanical properties.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.20674063 and 20774074)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20050736001)
文摘Palygorskite （PGS） and vinyl tris-（2-methoxyethoxy） silane （KH-172） modified palygorskite （OPGS） were used to prepare acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS）/clay composites. Thermal stability of the composites was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The morphology of the fractured surface and the degree of dispersion of the clay in the ABS matrix were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis results showed the variation of the crystal structure. Measurements of the tensile properties of the ABS/clay composites proved that the ABS/OPGS composited material represented the most excellent tensile property, because of good compatibility and dispersion of ABS with OPGS.
文摘The emulsion polymerization of N-phenylmaleimide, Styrene and acrylonitrile was studied. The thermal property of this copolymer was measures by dynamic thermomechanical analysis(DMA). The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, hardness and fie-cural Strength were StUdied experimentally. The results indicated that not only the monomer component but also the polymerization technologies have effect on the properties of the copolymer. The optimum monomer content and suitable polymerization method were obtained.
文摘The residual levels and migration behavior of volatile substances were detected using HS-GC/MS for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) toys, thermoplastic elastomer toys, and rubber toys made from 1,3-butadiene and styrene found on the Japanese market. The maximum residual level of these volatile substances was 2600 μg/g of styrene in ABS toys. In particular, the levels of known carcinogens 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and acrylonitrile are 5.3, 2.5 and 55 μg/g, which are much lower than the EU limit of 0.1%. Furthermore, some volatile substances migrated from ABS toys into water in amounts of 3 -40 ng/mL. Thermoplastic elastomer toys and rubber toys contained these volatile substances at significantly lower levels than ABS toys.
