"LIVING" FREE RADICAL SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL RODCOIL DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS WITH POLYSTYRENE AND MESOGEN-JACKETED LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER SEGMENTS

The synthesis of rod-coil diblock copolymers was achieved for the first time by TEMPO-mediated 'living' free radical polymerization of styrene and 2,5-bis [(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl] styrene(MPCS). The block architecture of the two diblock copolymers thus prepared, MPCS-b-St(5400/2400) and MPCS-b-St(10800/8700), was confirmed by GPC, DSC studies and the formation of multimolecular micelles. (Author abstract) 10 Refs.

SYNTHESIS OF BLOCK COPOLYMER BY INTEGRATED LIVING ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION-ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION(ATRP)

Alpha-trichloroacetoxy terminated polystyrene oligomer (PS-CH2CH2OCOCCl3) and poly-(styrene-b-butadiene) oligomer [P(S-b-B)-CH2CH2OCOCCl3)] were synthesized by living anionic polymeri-zation using n-butyllithium as initiator. Then the PS-CH2CH2OCOCCl3 (PS-Cl-3) or P(S-b-B)-CH2CH2O-COCCl3 (PSB-Cl-3) was used as the macroinitiator in the polymerization of(meth)acrylates in the presence of CuX/bpy. AB diblock and ABC triblock copolymers were prepared by the integrated living anionic polymerization (LAP)-atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structures of the PSB-Cl-3 and the P(S-b-MMA) were identified by FTIR and H-1-NMR spectrum, respectively. A new way to design block copolymers (the combination of LAP and ATRP) was developed.

AMPHIPHILIC STAR-BLOCK COPOLYMERS BY IODIDE-MEDIATED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

Amphiphilic star-block copolymers composed of polystyrene and poly（acrylic acid） were synthesized by iodide- mediated radical polymerization. Firstly, free radical polymerization of styrene was carried out with AIBN as initiator and 1,1,1-trimethyolpropane tri（2-iodoisobutyrate） as chain transfer agent, giving iodine atom ended star-shaped polystyrene with three arm chains, R（polystyrene）3. Secondly, tert-butyl acrylate was polymerization using polystyrene obtained as macro-chain transfer agent, and star-block copolymer, R（polystyrene-b-poly（tert-butyl acrylate））3 with controlled molecular weight was obtained. Finally, amphiphilic star-block copolymer, R（polystyrene-b-poly（acrylic acid））3 was obtained by hydrolysis of R（polystyrene-b-poly（tert-butyl acrylate））3 under acidic condition.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAFT COPOLYMERS BASED ON POLY(p-PHENYLENE TEREPHTHALAMIDE) BACKBONE AND WELL-DEFINED POLYSTYRENE SIDE CHAINS

A novel dualfunctional monomer, 2-（2＇,2＇,6＇,6＇-tetramethyl-piperidinyl-1＇-oxy）methylbenzene-1,4-dioyl chloride hydrochloride, with two acid chloride groups for step-growth polymerization and a nitroxide group for the mediation of living radical polymerization was synthesized. It was first copolymerized with terephthaloyl chloride and p- phenylenediamine at a feed molar ratio of 1：3：4 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone containing 10 wt% calcium chloride at -10℃ to yield a poly（p-phenylene terephthalamide） based macroinitiator, which initiated radical polymerization of styrene at 125℃ to obtain a series of poly（p-phenylene terephthalamide）-g-polystyrenes. A combinatory analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elementary analysis, thermogravimetry and gel permeation chromatography indicated that the macroinitiator induced the radical polymerization of styrene to proceed in a well- controlled way. The molecular weight of side-chains increased with an increase of monomer conversion, and the molecular weight distribution index remained lower than 1.5. The graft copolymers showed a remarkably improved solubility in N- methyl-2-pyrrolidone and much depressed crystallinity in bulk.

SELF-ASSEMBLY OF ROD-COIL DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS——INFLUENCE OF THE ROD LENGTH

The self-assembly of five narrowly distributed novel rod-coil diblock copolymers, poly(styrene-block-(2, 5-bis[4-methoxy-phenyl]oxycarbonyl) styrene) (PS-b-PMPCS), in p-xylene, a selective solvent at room temperature, was studied. Therod-coil copolymers, which have the same PS length but different PMPCS length, were synthesized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-I-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) mediated living free radical polymerization. The influence of the rod length on the self-assemblymorphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, those copolymerswith relatively shorter PMPCS length (copolymers 1 and 2) form individual spherical micelles; those with relatively longerPMPCS length (copolymer 3 and 4) form 'pearl chains' coexisting with individual spherical micelles; the ones with longestPMPCS length form 'pearl chains' coexisting with occasionally formed nanofibers. The diameter of all the morphologieswas controlled by the rod length. This gives us a way to govern the self-assembly morphology by altering the length of oneblock in the block copolymer.

Synthesis and performance of miktoarm star copolymers of styrene and butadiene

A novel multifunctional macromolecular organolithium initiator （PD-Sn-（RLi）3） was prepared via living anionic polymerization and used for the synthesis of miktoarm star copolymers in cyclohexane. The average molecular weight, polydispersity index, microstructure and unit composition of the miktoarm star copolymers were characterized with GPC and 1H-NMR. Performances of the miktoarm star styrene-butadiene rubbers were investigated in comparison with those of the blend rubbers such as the tin-coupled star-shaped random copolymers of styrene-butadiene rubber（S-SBR）/natural rubber （NR） blend rubber and S-SBR/Cis-1, 4-polybutadiene rubber （Cis-BR） blend rubber.

Performance development of styrene-butadiene copolymer-modified calcium sulfoaluminate cement mortar under different curing conditions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in the physical and mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene copolymer(SB)dispersion-modified calcium sulfoaluminate(CSA)cement mortar as it aged from 28 to 360 d,and cured at different temperatures and relative humidities.The results show that the mechanical properties of reference mortar(RM)of CSA cement,including its flexural,compressive,and tensile bond strength,showed a reduction after a certain time,but its water capillary absorption was hardly affected by age.When SB dispersion was added,there was no reduction in mechanical strength.The amount of SB added did matter.Addition of 5% SB had a negative effect on most properties compared with RM,except for tensile bond strength.However,the properties of SB-modified mortar(SBMM)were enhanced significantly as the amount of SB was increased from 5% to 20%.Temperature change had different effects on the properties of RM and SBMM.High temperature was beneficial to early flexural and compressive strength development of RM,but caused serious strength reduction at later stages.High temperature enhanced the development of tensile bond strength of RM.Increasing temperature enhanced properties of SBMM,including flexural,compressive,and tensile bond strength.Higher relative humidity improved all measured properties of all mortars.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)observations of the morphology of RM and SBMM at 360 d cured under different conditions accounted well for the changes in mechanical properties.

杂化嵌段共聚物的无金属催化一步合成

杂化嵌段共聚物由两种及以上化学结构和理化性质迥异的高分子链段构成,往往具有显著的自组装和微观相分离等性能,获得了广泛的研究与应用。从异源单体(即具有不同聚合基团的单体)混合物出发,通过一步操作使之发生序列选择性的连续或同步聚合反应,是合成杂化嵌段共聚物的理想方法。然而,该方法长期以来面临着异源单体聚合反应难相容、苛刻的嵌段共聚动力学难满足等挑战。近年来,有机/无金属催化聚合发展迅猛,为实现异源单体的序列选择性共聚和杂化嵌段共聚物的“一步法”可控合成提供了一系列行之有效的新思路和新手段。综述了相关研究进展,主要包括杂环与杂环单体、杂环与乙烯基单体的一步嵌段共聚,并对关键反应机理进行简要介绍。

2,2-二(5-甲基-2-四氢呋喃基)丙烷在丁二烯-苯乙烯阴离子聚合中的结构调节能力

以正丁基锂(n-BuLi)为引发剂,2,2-二(5-甲基-2-四氢呋喃基)丙烷(BMTFP)、乙基四氢糠基醚(ETE)、双四氢糠丙烷(DTHFP)为极性调节剂,在不同调节剂用量及聚合温度下进行丁二烯-苯乙烯的阴离子共聚合反应。利用^(1)HNMR和GPC对丁苯共聚物的微观结构、相对分子质量及其分布进行了表征和测试。结果表明,BMTFP聚合体系中无副反应发生,共聚物相对分子质量分布较窄,符合活性阴离子聚合的特点;BMTFP对丁苯共聚物具有较强的微观结构调节能力,在聚合温度为50℃、n(BMTFP)∶n(n-BuLi)=2.0∶1.0时,丁苯共聚物中1,2-结构相对含量可以达到69.7%,苯乙烯微嵌段含量趋近于0。且在相同条件下,BMTFP与ETE、DTHFP对丁苯共聚物微观结构的调节能力处于同一水平,但BMTFP的合成中所需的主要原料来源于生物基平台化合物,从环境保护、能源安全以及潜在的经济价值等方面考虑,BMTFP在制备高乙烯基溶聚丁苯橡胶方面具有良好的发展前景。

PRECISE SYNTHESIS OF OLEFIN BLOCK COPOLYMERS USING A SYNDIOSPECIFIC LIVING POLYMERIZATION SYSTEM

This feature article summarizes the synthesis of novel olefin block copolymers using fast syndiospecific living homo- and copolymerization of propylene, higher 1-alkene, and norbornene with ansa-fluorenylamidodimethyltitanium- based catalyst according to the authors＇ recent results. The catalytic synthesis of monodisperse polyolefin and olefin block copolymer was also described using this living system.

Amphiphilic Dendrimer-like Copolymers with High Chain Density by Living Anionic Polymerization

We report here a method for the preparation of amphiphilic dendrimer-like copolymers with dendritic polystyrene (PS) core and protonated poly(2-vinyl pyridine)(P2VP) or poly(methacrylic acid)(PMAA) shell. The method employed the efficient coupling reaction of anionic living polymer chains and chlorosilane. The synthesis started from a functionalized 3rd generation dendritic polystyrene, G3PS-g-SiCl, used as the precursor. The dendrimer-like copolymer of styrene and 2-vinyl pyridine, G3PS-g-P2VP, was synthesized by direct coupling of living P2VPLi to the precursor. The dendrimer-like copolymer of styrene and Zer/-butyl methacrylate, G3PS-g-PtBMA, was synthesized by an indirect procedure in which a living polymer containing mainly PtBMA segment was attached to the precursor. Both methods resulted in the formation of dendrimer-like copolymers with the high molecular weights (up to 8.5 × 10^6 Da), large molecular sizes (diameter up to 73 nm), and dense shells (number of arms up to 1300). These products, G3PS-g-P2VP and G3PS-g- PtBMA, were protonated with trifluoroacetic acid and acidic hydrolyzed, respectively. After transformation, amphiphilic dendrimer-like copolymers, G3PS-g-P2VPH^+ and G3PS-g-PMAA, were obtained. Preliminary results on the solution properties of the amphiphilic products were presented.

Architecture of Star-block Copolymers Consisting of Triblock Arms via a N,N-diethyldi-thiocarbamate-mediated Living Radical Photo-polymerization and Application for Nanocomposites by Using as Fillers

1 Results Highly branched poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) stars were prepared by one-pot approach based on N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate-(DC) mediated living radical photo-polymerization.Soluble alternating hyperbranched microgel formation was initiated fast with preferential consumption of inimer 4-vinylbenzyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (VBDC) and 4,4′-bismaleimidediphenylmethane (BMIM) in the presence of an excess of methyl methacrylate (MMA),PMMA arms could then grow from DC groups of microgel as macro...

用双硫酯链转移法合成嵌段聚合物

研究了以双硫酯为链转移剂进行的均聚和嵌段共聚物的合成 .首先合成大分子链转移剂 ,得到分子量可控、多分散性系数较小的均聚物PMMA、PBMA、PEMA、PEA、PBA、PMA、PSt,多分散性系数一般小于 1 30 .在相同的条件下 ,甲基丙烯酸酯类的聚合速度最快 ,苯乙烯其次 ,丙烯酸酯类最慢 .用末端带有双硫酯基团的PSt、PBMA、PBA为链转移剂 ,加入多种第二单体聚合得到实测分子量与理论分子量接近 ,且多分散性系数较小的两嵌段聚合物 .在链转移剂和引发剂的比例为 3∶1～ 6∶1的范围内 ,聚苯乙烯同样可以作为第一嵌段得到和其它酯类单体的两嵌段聚合物 .1 H NMR方法证明了聚合物的末端带有双硫酯基团 .嵌段聚合时必须加入微量的自由基引发剂以形成大分子自由基 。

ABA型两亲嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

以α ,α′ 二溴代二甲苯为引发剂 ,CuBr/2 ,2′ 联吡啶为催化体系 ,制备了双溴端基的分子量分布窄的聚苯乙烯 (MWD =1 18) .再以此作为大分子引发剂 ,实现了甲基丙烯酸对硝基苯酯的原子转移自由基聚合 ,制得了分子量可控且分子量分布窄的ABA型嵌段共聚物 ,再经水解、酸化 ,得到了聚甲基丙烯酸 b 聚苯乙烯 b

以双硫酯为链转移剂的活性自由基聚合

合成并研究了两种双硫酯链转移剂的纯化方法 ,进行了多种单体以双硫酯为链转移剂的活性自由基聚合及嵌段共聚 .发现以PhC(S)SC(CH3) 2 Ph为链转移剂的效果比PhC(S)SCH(CH3)Ph好 ,聚合产物的多分散性系数较小 .引发剂与链转移剂的摩尔数比为 1∶3 5～ 1∶4 2时 ,得到多分散性系数小 ,实测分子量与理论分子量相近的聚合产物 .聚合物的分子量随时间和转化率的增加而增加 ,加入第二单体形成嵌段共聚物 ,具有活性聚合特征 .聚甲基丙烯酸酯大分子引发剂引发丙烯酸酯单体聚合时 ,聚合速度最快 .

原子转移自由基聚合制备ABA型嵌段共聚物

以α,α′-二溴代二甲苯为引发剂 ,Cu Br/ 2 ,2′-联吡啶为催化体系 ,制备了双溴端基的分子量分布窄的聚苯乙烯 (MWD=1.2 1)。再以此作为大分子引发剂 ,实现了甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基聚合 ,制得了分子量可控且分子量分布窄的 ABA型嵌段共聚物 ,即聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 - b-聚苯乙烯 - b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。

活性自由基聚合在高分子合成中的应用

对活性自由基聚合在高分子合成中的应用进展进行了综述，介绍了活性自由基聚合在聚合单体、共聚物（梯形共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物）、星形和枝化聚合物等方面的最新研究成果．

“活性”自由基聚合法合成支链结构可控的SBS-g-PM-MA(英文)

通过“活性”／可控自由基聚合合成了支链结构可控的ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＰＭＭＡ接枝共聚物。首先以ＳＢＳ与Ｎ－溴代丁二酰亚胺反应合成溴代ＳＢＳ（ＳＢＳ－Ｂｒ），并对ＳＢＳ－Ｂｒ中烯丙基溴（－Ｂｒ）的含量进行定量分析；然后以此ＳＢＳ－Ｂｒ为大分子引发剂在ＣｕＸ／ｂｐｙ（Ｘ＝Ｃｌ，Ｂｒ；－Ｂｒ∶ＣｕＸ∶ｂｐｙ＝１∶１∶３）存在下引发ＭＭＡ进行接枝共聚。在以ＣｕＣｌ／ｂｐｙ体系催化的接枝共聚合中，动力学特征为一级，表明聚合过程中活性种浓度是恒定的。同时接枝率与接枝链的长度均随反应时间的延长而增加，聚合过程中，接枝效率始终保持在９０％以上，最高可达到９６％。但以ＣｕＢｒ／ｂｐｙ为催化剂时，聚合进行数小时后即有终止反应发生，接枝率低，接枝效率只有７０％左右。

可聚合的光引发转移终止剂合成接枝共聚物

采用一种可聚合的光引发转移终止剂 ,2 N ,N 二乙基二硫代氨基甲酰氧基乙酸 β 甲基丙烯酰氧基乙酯 (MAEDCA) ,通过两种途径制备了含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)和聚苯乙烯 (PSt)链段的接枝共聚物 .其一是将MAEDCA作为引发剂 ,在紫外光照射下引发MMA聚合 ,得到大分子单体 ,通过大分子单体与St的共聚合得到 .考察了所用大分子单体的分子量和浓度对共聚合的影响 .其二是将MAEDCA作为单体与MMA共聚得到侧链上含有N ,N 二乙基二硫代氨基甲酰氧基 (DC)基团的无规共聚物 ,P(MMA co MAEDCA) .在紫外光照射下 ,P(MMA co MAEDCA)作为大分子引发剂引发St聚合 ,得到P(MMA co MAEDCA) g PSt的共聚物 。