Boiling heat transfer and the controllability of the thermal load of the cylinder head were studied.The thermodynamic phase change characteristics of the cylinder head coolant were considered and the mass,momentumand ...Boiling heat transfer and the controllability of the thermal load of the cylinder head were studied.The thermodynamic phase change characteristics of the cylinder head coolant were considered and the mass,momentumand energy transfers between two phases were calculated with the interface transfer submodels by using the computational fluid dynamics software CFX. Results showed that compared with the single-phase flow without considering the boiling heat transfer,the sub-cooled boiling heat transfer of the cylinder head was greatly increased. According to the results of the numerical simulation,an optimized structure of the water jacket was proposed. Finally,temperature and velocity of coolant,diameter of flow passage and mean bubble diameter that influences sub-cooled boiling were studied using the orthogonal experiment method.展开更多
CIPS(Crud Induced Power Shift),是指反应堆冷却剂系统内腐蚀积垢物在燃料棒表面沉积而导致轴向功率峰值向堆芯入口处偏移的现象。这一现象会影响核电厂运行的安全性,如:使降功率时轴向功率分布控制困难、停堆裕量减少、反应堆启堆时...CIPS(Crud Induced Power Shift),是指反应堆冷却剂系统内腐蚀积垢物在燃料棒表面沉积而导致轴向功率峰值向堆芯入口处偏移的现象。这一现象会影响核电厂运行的安全性,如:使降功率时轴向功率分布控制困难、停堆裕量减少、反应堆启堆时的临界工况评价出现偏差等,进而影响经济性。本文阐述了CIPS现象的成因、危害、风险降低途径,并使用3D核设计程序、热工-水力子通道程序和CIPS评价专用程序对AP1000核电厂首循环的CIPS风险进行了分析并给出了降低风险的建议。展开更多
基于 GDI(gasoline direct injection)发动机常用工况点的缸内温度压力,采用高速摄影和纹影法,在高温环境下对比研究了亚/超临界汽油多孔和单孔及异辛烷多孔射流的宏观特性.结果表明:当燃油温度从亚临界态升高至超临界态时,汽油多孔射...基于 GDI(gasoline direct injection)发动机常用工况点的缸内温度压力,采用高速摄影和纹影法,在高温环境下对比研究了亚/超临界汽油多孔和单孔及异辛烷多孔射流的宏观特性.结果表明:当燃油温度从亚临界态升高至超临界态时,汽油多孔射流在形态上表现出射流中心塌陷和前锋面凸起的特征,异于常见的枝状喷雾结构和剧烈闪沸条件下的坍缩喷雾,同时射流的贯穿距不断增加,锥角不断减小,射流宽度经历了先减小后增大的变化;亚临界汽油单孔射流的贯穿距、锥角及宽度的变化趋势异于汽油多孔射流,表明多孔射流相邻油束间的干涉重叠影响着射流形态结构,在汽油亚临界态时,干涉重叠导致射流轮廓向内收缩,使得射流锥角和宽度减小,而在汽油超临界态时,干涉重叠促进了多孔射流中心的塌陷;相比于单一组分的异辛烷,多组分物蒸发气化的沸点差异是导致汽油射流液相区发生剧烈闪急沸腾,使得射流轴线方向的低压核区发生气流卷吸,并最终诱发射流中心塌陷的原因,而塌陷的发生也使得燃油超临界态时汽油射流宽度大于异辛烷射流宽度;最后,通过对比亚/超临界汽油单孔射流和异辛烷多孔射流,发现导致亚/超临界汽油多孔射流前锋面凸起和中心塌陷的主要原因是射流相邻油束间的干涉重叠及轴线方向低压核区内的气流卷吸作用.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(1030021210710)
文摘Boiling heat transfer and the controllability of the thermal load of the cylinder head were studied.The thermodynamic phase change characteristics of the cylinder head coolant were considered and the mass,momentumand energy transfers between two phases were calculated with the interface transfer submodels by using the computational fluid dynamics software CFX. Results showed that compared with the single-phase flow without considering the boiling heat transfer,the sub-cooled boiling heat transfer of the cylinder head was greatly increased. According to the results of the numerical simulation,an optimized structure of the water jacket was proposed. Finally,temperature and velocity of coolant,diameter of flow passage and mean bubble diameter that influences sub-cooled boiling were studied using the orthogonal experiment method.
文摘CIPS(Crud Induced Power Shift),是指反应堆冷却剂系统内腐蚀积垢物在燃料棒表面沉积而导致轴向功率峰值向堆芯入口处偏移的现象。这一现象会影响核电厂运行的安全性,如:使降功率时轴向功率分布控制困难、停堆裕量减少、反应堆启堆时的临界工况评价出现偏差等,进而影响经济性。本文阐述了CIPS现象的成因、危害、风险降低途径,并使用3D核设计程序、热工-水力子通道程序和CIPS评价专用程序对AP1000核电厂首循环的CIPS风险进行了分析并给出了降低风险的建议。
文摘基于 GDI(gasoline direct injection)发动机常用工况点的缸内温度压力,采用高速摄影和纹影法,在高温环境下对比研究了亚/超临界汽油多孔和单孔及异辛烷多孔射流的宏观特性.结果表明:当燃油温度从亚临界态升高至超临界态时,汽油多孔射流在形态上表现出射流中心塌陷和前锋面凸起的特征,异于常见的枝状喷雾结构和剧烈闪沸条件下的坍缩喷雾,同时射流的贯穿距不断增加,锥角不断减小,射流宽度经历了先减小后增大的变化;亚临界汽油单孔射流的贯穿距、锥角及宽度的变化趋势异于汽油多孔射流,表明多孔射流相邻油束间的干涉重叠影响着射流形态结构,在汽油亚临界态时,干涉重叠导致射流轮廓向内收缩,使得射流锥角和宽度减小,而在汽油超临界态时,干涉重叠促进了多孔射流中心的塌陷;相比于单一组分的异辛烷,多组分物蒸发气化的沸点差异是导致汽油射流液相区发生剧烈闪急沸腾,使得射流轴线方向的低压核区发生气流卷吸,并最终诱发射流中心塌陷的原因,而塌陷的发生也使得燃油超临界态时汽油射流宽度大于异辛烷射流宽度;最后,通过对比亚/超临界汽油单孔射流和异辛烷多孔射流,发现导致亚/超临界汽油多孔射流前锋面凸起和中心塌陷的主要原因是射流相邻油束间的干涉重叠及轴线方向低压核区内的气流卷吸作用.
