Integration of spatial attractions between and within pixels for sub-pixel mapping

As a promising technique to enhance the spatial reso- lution of remote sensing imagery, sub-pixel mapping is processed based on the spatial dependence theory with the assumption that the land cover is spatially dependent both within pixels and be- tween them. The spatial attraction is used as a tool to describe the dependence. First, the spatial attractions between pixels, sub- pixel/pixel spatial attraction model （SPSAM）, are described by the modified SPSAM （MSPSAM） that estimates the attractions accord- ing to the distribution of sub-pixels within neighboring pixels. Then a mixed spatial attraction model （MSAM） for sub-pixel mapping is proposed that integrates the spatial attractions both within pix- els and between them. According to the expression of the MSAM maximumising the spatial attraction, the genetic algorithm is em- ployed to search the optimum solution and generate the sub-pixel mapping results. Experiments show that compared with SPSAM, MSPSAM and pixel swapping algorithm modified by initialization from SPSAM （MPS）, MSAM can provide higher accuracy and more rational sub-pixel mapping results.

Development of Global Cropland Agreement Level Analysis by Integrating Pixel Similarity of Recent Global Land Cover Datasets

Global cropland monitoring is important when considering tactical strategies for achieving food sustainability. Different global land cover (GLC) datasets providing cropland information have already been published and they are used in many applications. The different data input methods, classification techniques, class definitions and production years among the different GLC datasets make them all independently useful sources of information. This study attempted to produce a cropland agreement level (CAL) analysis based on the integration of several cropland datasets to more accurately estimate cropland area distribution. Estimating cropland area and how it has changed on a national level was done by converting the level of cropland agreement into percentages with an existing cropland fraction map. A pre-analysis showed that the four GLC datasets used in the 2005 and 2010 groups had similar year input data acquisitions. Therefore, we placed these four datasets (GlobCover, MODIS LC, GLCNMO and ESACCI LC) into 2005 and 2010 year-groups and selected them to process dataset integration through a CRISP approach. The results of this process proposed four agreement levels for this CAL analysis, and the model correlation was converted into percentage values. The cropland estimate results from the CAL analysis were observed along with FAO data statistics and showed the highest accuracy, with a 0.70 and 0.71 regression value for 2005 and 2010 respectively. In the cropland area change analysis, this CAL change analysis had the highest level of accuracy when describing the total size of cropland area change from 2005 and 2010 when compared to other individual original GLC datasets.

Fast Approaches for Sub-pixel Precision Variable Block Size Motion Estimation

The new features of H. 264 video coding standard make the motion estimation module much more time consuming than before. Especially, the motion search is required for each of the 4 modes for inter prediction. In order to reduce the computational complexity, we analyze the statistics of results of motion estimation, such as the continuity of best modes of blocks in successive frames and the chance to give up a sub-partition mode （smaller than 16 × 16） after integer-pixel motion estimation, from which we suggest to make mode prediction based on the motion information of the previous frame and skip sub-pixel motion estimation in subpartition mode selectively. According to the experimental result, the proposed algorithm can save 75 % of the computational time with a slight degradation （0.03 dB） on PSNR compared with the pseudocode of fast search motion estimation in JM12.2.

基于亚像素各向异性扩散的低剂量CT重建方法

目的提出一种基于亚像素各项异性扩散的低剂量CT重建方法。方法通过线性插值技术计算亚像素单元强度值及其二阶差分后,将计算得到的新的梯度信息引入到各项异性扩散过程中,并结合惩罚加权最小二乘模型对低剂量CT投影数据进行滤波,最后使用滤波反投影算法将恢复后的投影数据重建出CT图像。结果在Shepp-Logan体模实验中,与FBP、PWLS-Gibbs和PWLS-TV方法相比,新方法滤波后重建的CT图像在结构相似指数上分别提升了28.13%、5.49%和0.91%,在特征相似指数上分别提升了21.08%、1.78%和1.36%,并且在均方根误差上分别降低了69.59%、18.96%和3.90%。在XCAT体模实验中,与FBP、PWLS-Gibbs和PWLS-TV方法相比,新方法在结构相似指数上分别提高了14.24%、1.43%及7.89%,在特征相似指数上分别提高了9.61%、1.78%及5.66%,同时在均方根误差上分别降低了26.88%、9.41%及18.39%。在临床数据实验中,与FBP、PWLS-Gibbs和PWLS-TV方法重建的CT图像相比,新方法在结构相似指数上分别提升了19.24%、15.63%和3.68%,在特征相似指数上分别提升了4.30%、2.92%和0.43%,同时在均方根误差上分别降低了44.60%、36.84%和15.22%,并且在峰值信噪比上提升至28.39。结论本文提出的新方法可以有效去除低剂量CT图像的噪声和伪影,并可以保持结构细节信息。

特高压混合级联直流多级自适应协调交流故障穿越控制策略

特高压混合级联直流可以结合电网换相换流器(line commutated converter, LCC)和电压源换流器(voltage source converter, VSC)各自的优势,但也带来了直流侧功率盈余的问题,在受端发生交流故障时,可能导致VSC子模块过压。针对混合级联直流的拓扑特点,文中提出一种基于运行方式和电气量的多级自适应协调控制策略。通过故障阀组负序电压控制、健全阀组辅助电压控制、投入可控自恢复消能装置及送端配合移相、调整送受端换流器直流功率等措施,在站内单VSC内、站内多VSC间、站间LCC与VSC间进行多级自适应协调配合,有效解决了VSC子模块过压问题,实现了混合级联直流的交流故障穿越。基于实际控制保护装置和工程拓扑搭建闭环实时数字仿真试验平台,验证了所提策略的可行性。该策略已成功应用于白鹤滩—江苏特高压混合直流工程。

超多视点显示中后向光线追踪的实时渲染方法

超多视点显示技术能够提供逼真的三维显示效果,但是大量视点图像的渲染合成过程使得三维显示的实时性受到极大的挑战。文章提出了一种超多视点显示中后向光线追踪的实时渲染方法,根据视点分配矩阵和子像素物理坐标,光线从视点位置出发逆向追踪到三维场景,并直接对视点合成图像进行子像素级别实时渲染。结果表明,在保证三维图像显示质量不变的情况下,随视点数目增加,渲染帧率始终保持在35FPS以上。该方法避免了渲染合成过程中的信息冗余,渲染速度相比传统的逐视点渲染方法提升了5个数量级。该方法为实现超多视点动态三维显示提供了新的途径。

Regional Frequency Analysis of Observed Sub-Daily Rainfall Maxima over Eastern China

Based on hourly rainfall observational data from 442 stations during 1960-2014, a regional frequency analysis of the annual maxima （AM） sub-daily rainfall series （1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-h rainfall, using a moving window approach） for eastern China was conducted. Eastern China was divided into 13 homogeneous regions： Northeast （NE1, NE2）, Central （C）, Central North （CN1, CN2）, Central East （CE1, CE2, CE3）, Southeast （SE1, SE2, SE3, SE4）, and Southwest （SW）. The generalized extreme value performed best for the AM series in regions NE, C, CN2, CE1, CE2, SE2, and SW, and the generalized logistic distribution was appropriate in the other regions. Maximum return levels were in the SE4 region, with value ranges of 80-270 mm （1-h to 24-h rainfall） and 108-390 mm （1-h to 24-h rainfall） for 20- and 100 yr, respectively. Minimum return levels were in the CN1 and NE1 regions, with values of 37-104 mm and 53-140 mm for 20 and 100 yr, respectively. Comparing return levels using the optimal and commonly used Pearson-III distribution, the mean return-level differences in eastern China for 1-24-h rainfall varied from -3-4 mm to -23-11 mm （- 10%-10%） for 20-yr events, reaching -6-26 mm （-10%-30%） and -10-133 mm （-10%-90%） for 100-yr events. In view of the large differences in estimated return levels, more attention should be given to frequency analysis of sub-daily rainfall over China, for improved water management and disaster reduction.

Effects of Sub-chronic Intoxication of 1,8-cineole on Blood Biochemical Indexes of Mice

[ Objective] Effects of sub-chronic intoxication of 1,8-cineole on body weights, routine blood indexes and biochemical indexes of mice were investigated. [Method] One hundred and sixty mice with body weights of 15 -17 g were randomly divided into four groups （forty mice per group）. Mice were injected to 1, 8 - cineole with doses of 192.45,64. 15 and 21.38 mg/kg body weight （ test groups） and the water solution of tween-80 with a volume fraction of 0.5% （ control group） respectively. Each mouse was administered orally at the dose of 0.2 mL per 10 g body weight once a day consecutively for 90 d. The body weight, routine blood indexes and serum biochemical indexes of mice were determined on the 30^th d, 60^th d, 90^th d and the 30^th d after stopping the administration of 1,8-cineole. [ Result] The effects of 1, 8-cineole on the body weight, routine blood indexes and serum biochemical indexes of mice with the doses of 64.15 and 21.38 mg/kg body weight had no statistically significant difference compared with the control group （P 〉0.05 ）. 1, 8-cineole with the dose of 192.45 mg/kg body weight exhibited different influences on routine blood indexes and serum biochemical indexes of mice after the oral administration of 1,8-cineole for 60 d and 90 d, and statistically significant differences in many blood biochemical indexes were observed （P 〈 0.05 ）. However, the differences in routine blood indexes and serum biochemical indexes were not statistically significant between the test groups and the control group at the 30＇h d after stopping the administration of 1, 8-cineole （ P 〉 0.05）. [Condusion] 1,8-cineole had sub-chronic oral toxicity to mice. The no observed adverse effect level （NOAEL） of 1,8-cineolc was 64.15 mg/kg body weight and the lowest observed adverse effect level （LOAEL） of 1,8-cineole was 192.45 mg/kg body weight. Effects of 1, 8-cineole on blood biochemical indexes of mice were in short term and reversible.

Design on AM-OLED display control ASIC with high gray scale levels

The paper puts forward a method on controlling the AM-OLED panel to display image with high gray scale levels. It also gives an ASIC design sample to implement this method. A twenty sub-fields scan scheme has been taken into use in the chip to display 256 gray scale levels on a QVGA resolution AM-OLED display screen. The functions of image scaling and rotating have also been implemented for multiply application. The simulation and chip test result show that the chip design has met the design requirements.

Sea Level Records on Ouvéa Island in New Caledonia

Ouvéa Island in New Caledonia emerges as a new sea level standard. It has excellent morphological records of former sea level positions at interglacial high-stands as well as records of Holocene changes in sea level from a maximum at about +1.5 m via a significant +70 cm level of sub-recent, probably 17th century, age to a stable to falling sea level in present time.

基于机器视觉的闸坝表面位移非接触式监测方法

针对闸坝表面位移常规监测方法劳动密度高、监测频次低,且难以实现长期稳定监测等问题,提出一种融合时空特征的闸坝表面位移非接触式智能监测方法。该方法采用人工靶标作为标志物,以摄像机为采集设备,通过无线传输图像信息,利用加权分布的自适应伽马修正(AGCWD)与边缘感知因子改进的加权引导滤波(WGIF)增强低照度图像的特征表达能力,通过计算机搭载基于贝叶斯框架的时空上下文信息(STC)算法深度挖掘靶标图像上下文时空信息,进一步地,引入曲面拟合获取靶标的亚像素级位移时程信息,实现闸坝水平和垂直双向表面位移的亚像素级非接触式监测。实验室与现场试验结果表明,不同实验场景下位移监测数据与校验数据高度一致,误差小于0.05 mm;相比于图像优化处理方法,基于AGCWD与WGIF的图像优化处理方法的峰值信噪比提升2.70%,信息熵增加4.91%,标准差降低2.63%;相比于目标追踪算法,基于曲面拟合的STC目标追踪算法的现场监测数据较同类目标追踪算法精度提升48%,可为闸坝表面位移监测提供高精度的解决方案。

Analysis of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Pediatric Patients Undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging for Oncology

Background: The PET/CT imaging studies have two doses components the dose from the PET radiopharmaceutical and the other from the low dose CT used for PET images attenuation correction. We have one PET/CT scanner at our institution a Philips Time of Flight scanner. Our local patient’s radiation protection rules requires continuous assessment of radiation doses delivered to our patients. Purposes: The objectives of this study are to develop a weight- based facility DRLs for paediatric F-18-FDG PET-CT imaging for oncology in a large tertiary hospital and to determine whether the calculated DRLs compares with internationally published DRLs. Materials & Methods: Radiation dose data and patient demographics of two-hundreds and sixteen paediatric PET-CT oncology patients imaging procedures from one large tertiary hospital were selected and analysed in order to establish a facility paediatric DRLs. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The PET dose reference levels ranged between [62 - 525] MBq of injected activity for a range of pediatric age groups. The CTDIvol values were between 3.5 and 16.5 mGy for all age groups. Comparison with current EANM and SNMMI recommendations of patient’s dose are discussed. Conclusion: Our pediatric PET/CT reference levels are higher than the ones reported internationally with notable variations. .

Optimal Management of the Pension Contribution Rate Using the H∞-Control Theory

In this paper, we construct a general model for a pension fund when there are time delays in the valuation process. Actually, we use the standard structure of the basic reserve equation in order to rebuild a more sophisticated approach based on the theory of H∞ control. Our model evaluates the incomplete information from the delayed fund valuations—due to the oscillatory pattern for benefit claims and investment experience of the past years—within the context of uncertainty additionally to the randomness which certainly exists. So, we construct estimations for the optimal proposed contribution rates based on a feedback mechanism which is a robust stabilization controller, using typical linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical application is fully investigated to obtain further insight into the problem.

基于机器视觉的木窗双端铣削加工尺寸测量方法

木窗是一种以木材或木质复合材料为主要构件的门窗产品,具有良好的生态性能和美观效果,适用于多种建筑形式和风格,其中木窗尺寸是衡量木窗加工是否合格的重要指标。对于传统木窗双端铣削加工中人工测量尺寸方式存在的精度低、效率低等问题,提出一种基于机器视觉的木窗双端铣削加工尺寸测量方法,以期提高尺寸测量精度及加工效率。该方法针对木窗厚度引起的透视效应,提出一种物平面提升法,以消除透视投影带来的误差。首先对木窗图像采取灰度化、平滑去噪、图像增强及轮廓分割等举措,完成图像预处理,提取出木窗内外轮廓区域。对轮廓区域应用Canny算子获取木窗像素级轮廓。通过优化的Zernike矩亚像素边缘提取算法对木窗像素级边缘进行更精确的定位,得到亚像素级轮廓坐标。通过最小二乘法联合RANSAC算法对亚像素轮廓坐标进行拟合,得到拟合轮廓及角点坐标,并使用透视矫正模型计算出木窗尺寸。实验利用3种厚度规格相同但尺寸不同的松木材质矩形木窗,分别测量其内框和外框的边框尺寸及对角线尺寸,并与对应的实际物理尺寸对比,验证了所提木窗尺寸测量方法的检测精度。研究结果表明,所提方法与实际物理尺寸值相比,其绝对误差范围在±0.12 mm之内,相对误差在±0.1%之内,且效率及精度高,可以满足对木窗的在线尺寸检测。

基于优化Hough变换的铆接高度差亚像素检测方法研究

针对飞机铆接高度差的检测问题,提出了一种优化的Hough变换铆接高度差亚像素检测方法。该方法首先通过空间域点运算的灰度变换法对采集的铆接孔图像进行增强处理,然后利用局部阈值分割法进行图像分割,采用Canny算法进行边缘粗提取,再利用优化的Hough变换进行亚像素级的边缘精细提取,提取出铆接孔和铆钉钉头的圆环区域,最后结合RANSAC算法进行圆拟合,利用开发算子get_current_region_z()分别提取内外圆环区域的高度平均值,再通过函数height_Z()将所得的高度平均值作差即可得到铆接表面的高度差。经试验证明,该检测方法亚像素精确定位能力强,检测结果准确率高、稳定性好,重复测量精度可达到±10μm。

Analytic Solution of a Two-Level Model Coupled by Y_(5,μ)Field

An analytic solution of a two-level model coupled by Y5μ field was given inthe limit of large angular momentum 11.

Symmetry of Y_5 Deformation and Two-Level Model

The symmetry of Y5μ-deformed fields are classified and the one-particlespectra in two-level model coupled by Y5μ fields are discussed.

基于Lagrange插值的数字图像相关亚像素位移测量算法

本文旨在通过改进经典Newton-Raphson算法中的插值方法来优化数字图像相关(DIC)亚像素位移测量的计算效率。针对经典Newton-Raphson算法在数字图像相关亚像素位移测量中应用的双三次样条插值算法,特别是在需要计算边界点灰度梯度(即灰度值的一阶导数)时,存在计算量大的问题,本文提出一种基于Lagrange插值的改进算法作为解决方案。Lagrange插值算法在未增加计算节点数的情况下,成功避免了边界点灰度梯度的计算,使插值效率可提高近1/3。应用数值模拟实验和真实刚体平移实验对本文算法的性能进行验证。结果表明,本文算法在保持求解精度的同时,计算测量效率较传统Newton-Raphson算法有了明显提升。单点插值效率平均提升近30%;单点测量效率平均提升近20%。本文首次将Lagrange插值算法应用于数字图像相关的亚像素位移测量中,解决了双三次样条插值算法计算量大的问题,为相关领域提供了一种更为优化的变形测量方法。该研究为DIC亚像素位移测量技术的进一步发展和应用提供了新的思路和参考,有望在实际工程中得到广泛应用,促进相关领域的进步与发展。

单目线结构光三维重建系统标定方法研究

结构光三维重建系统中相机标定是一项关键研究,圆形标定板被广泛应用于相机标定,在实际标定过程中圆标定图像因相机透视作用而变成椭圆,又因圆形标志边缘像素模糊影响相机标定精度,因此提出一种基于亚像素边缘检测与透视投影的相机标定方法。首先,利用自适应阈值的Canny算子获取标定板圆特征点的边缘,根据边缘像素点特征关系进行插值亚像素细化,拟合椭圆获取中心点;然后通过透视投影变换将椭圆特征点投影成近似标准圆,提取圆心坐标后再反透视投影回原图像;最后使用张氏方法对实际图像中的特征点坐标进行相机标定。实验结果表明,所提方法相较于传统方法的重投影误差降低了43.8%,标准块的三维测量均方根误差最小是0.1316mm,测量误差在0.1~0.5mm之间,满足工业测量要求。

模块化多电平中压直流变换器的高可靠自供电架构研究

随着大容量中压直流配电技术的迅速发展,模块化多电平直流变换器受到工业界和学术界的广泛关注。然而,实现高可靠的辅助供电是实现直流变换器在中压直流配电场景中应用的关键技术瓶颈之一。为此,提出一种面向模块化多电平中压直流变换器的高可靠自供电系统架构。该架构实现主控制器、子模块等辅电系统的中压直联馈电,从而无需额外低压直流电源,并且大幅提升系统启动速度。基于此架构设计,模块化多电平直流变换器的子模块控制器和旁路开关辅助供电均实现3倍冗余,提高系统容错运行的能力。在子模块电容预充电阶段,提出一种基于辅助电源自主控制的子模块电容均压方法,保证模块化多电平直流变换器可靠预充电。最终通过实验验证所提辅助供电系统架构的可行性。