Wideband spectrum sensing using step-sampling based on the multipath nyquist folding receiver

Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spectrum sensing,which is subject to the complexity of processing the modulated outputs.In this case,a multipath NYFR architecture with a step-sampling rate for the different paths is proposed.The different numbers of digital channels for each path are designed based on the Chinese remainder theorem(CRT).Then,the detectable frequency range is divided into multiple frequency grids,and the Nyquist zone(NZ) of the input can be obtained by sensing these grids.Thus,high-precision parameter estimation is performed by utilizing the NYFR characteristics.Compared with the existing methods,the scheme proposed in this paper overcomes the challenge of NZ estimation,information damage,many computations,low accuracy,and high false alarm probability.Comparative simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in this paper.

Prediction of corrosion rate for friction stir processed WE43 alloy by combining PSO-based virtual sample generation and machine learning

The corrosion rate is a crucial factor that impacts the longevity of materials in different applications.After undergoing friction stir processing(FSP),the refined grain structure leads to a notable decrease in corrosion rate.However,a better understanding of the correlation between the FSP process parameters and the corrosion rate is still lacking.The current study used machine learning to establish the relationship between the corrosion rate and FSP process parameters(rotational speed,traverse speed,and shoulder diameter)for WE43 alloy.The Taguchi L27 design of experiments was used for the experimental analysis.In addition,synthetic data was generated using particle swarm optimization for virtual sample generation(VSG).The application of VSG has led to an increase in the prediction accuracy of machine learning models.A sensitivity analysis was performed using Shapley Additive Explanations to determine the key factors affecting the corrosion rate.The shoulder diameter had a significant impact in comparison to the traverse speed.A graphical user interface(GUI)has been created to predict the corrosion rate using the identified factors.This study focuses on the WE43 alloy,but its findings can also be used to predict the corrosion rate of other magnesium alloys.

72 MHz/54 MHz SAMPLING RATE CONVERSION SYSTEM OF HDTV STUDIO SIGNAL

７２ＭＨｚ／５４ＭＨｚＳＡＭＰＬＩＮＧＲＡＴＥＣＯＮＶＥＲＳＩＯＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＯＦＨＤＴＶＳＴＵＤＩＯＳＩＧＮＡＬＺｈｏｕＧｏｎｇｙｕ（周功禹）ＹｕＺｈｅｎｇｈｕａ＊（虞正华）ＺｈｅｎｇＺｈｉｈａｎｇ（郑志航）（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃＥｎ...

Dropping Rate Simulation for a Handover Scheme Using Importance Sampling

The process of changing the channel associated with the current connection while a call is in progress is under consideration. The estimation of dropping rate in handover process of a one dimensional traffic system is discussed. To reduce the sample size of simulation, dropping calls at base station is considered as rare event and simulated with importance sampling - one of rare event simulation approaches. The simulation results suggest the sample size can be tremendously reduced by using importance sampling.

On the Performance of Blind Chip Rate Estimation in Multi-Rate CDMA Transmissions Using Multi-Rate Sampling in Slow Flat Fading Channels

This paper considers blind chip rate estimation of DS-SS signals in multi-rate and multi-user DS-CDMA systems over channels having slow flat Rayleigh fading plus additive white Gaussian noise. Channel impulse response is estimated by a subspace method, and then the chip rate of each signal is estimated using zero crossing of estimated differential channel impulse response. For chip rate estimation of each user, an algorithm which uses weighted zero-crossing ratio is proposed. Maximum value of the weighted zero crossing ratio takes place in the Nyquist rate sampling frequency, which equals to the twice of the chip rate. Furthermore, bit time of each user is estimated using fluctuations of autocorrelation estimators. Since code length of each user can be obtained using bit time and chip time ratio. Fading channels reduce reliability factor of the proposed algo-rithm. To overcome this problem, a receiver with multiple antennas is proposed, and the reliability factor of the proposed algorithm is analyzed over both spatially correlated and independent fading channels.

The Analysis of Coseismic Response of 4-component Borehole Strainmeters with High Sampling Rate

In this paper,we adopt the observation data of two 10Hz YRY 4-component borehole strainmeters and one 100Hz FBS-3B broadband seismometer to study the responses of their observations to the April 11,2012 MW8. 6 earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra,and compare the response characteristics during the coseismic stage after preprocessing of the data. We analyze the spectrum's dynamic process during the coseismic stage with the S transformation method,and discuss the spectrum's details in different seismic phases. The S transformation results of the data of seismometer and borehole strainmeter at the same station show that the coseismic spectrum evolution of the two kinds of observation are similar to each other and can be cross-referenced in indentifying the wave signals,which proves that the borehole strainmeter measurements at high frequencies are reliable.

A Novel Dual-Rate Sampling Switched-Capacitor Configuration and Its Application

In order to realize accurate bilinear transformation from s- to z-domain,a novelswitched-capacitor configuration is proposed in the light of principles of dual-rate sampling and chargeconservation,which has also been used for building a 5th-order elliptic lowpass filter.The filter issimulated and measured in typical 0.34 μm/3.3 V Si CMOS process models,special full differentialoperational amplifiers and CMOS transfer gate switches,which achieves 80 MHz sampling rate,17.8MHz cutoff frequency,0.052 dB maximum passband ripple,42.1 dB minimum stopband attenuation and74 mW quiescent power dissipation.At the same time,the dual-rate sampling topology breaks thetraditional restrictions of filter introduced by unit-gain bandwidth and slew rate of operational amplifiersand also improves effectively their performances in high-frequency applications.It has been applied forthe design of an anti-alias filter in analog front-end of video decoder IC with 15 MHz signal frequencyyet.

Distribution and Migration of Heavy Metals in Undisturbed Forest Soils:A High Resolution Sampling Method

The vertical distribution and migration of Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd in two forest soil profiles near an industrial emission source were investigated using a high resolution sampling method together with reference element Ti.One-meter soil profile was sectioned horizontally at 2 cm intervals in the first 40 cm,5 cm intervals in the next 40 cm,and 10 cm intervals in the last 20 cm.The migration distance and rate of heavy metals in the soil profiles were calculated according to their relative concentrations in the profiles,as calibrated by the reference element Ti.The enrichment of heavy metals appeared in the uppermost layer of the forest soil,and the soil heavy metal concentrations decreased down the profile until reaching their background values.The calculated average migration rates of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn were 0.70,0.33,0.37,and 0.76 cm year-1,respectively,which were comparable to other methods.A simulation model was proposed,which could well describe the distribution of Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd in natural forest soils.

Fast Rate Fault Detection Filter for Multirate Sampled-data Systems

This paper focuses on the fast rate fault detection filter (FDF) problem for a class of multirate sampled-data (MSD) systems. A lifting technique is used to convert such an MSD system into a linear time-invariant discrete-time one and an unknown input observer (UIO) is considered as FDF to generate residual. The design of FDF is formulated as an H∞ optimization problem and a solvable condition as well as an optimal solution are derived. The causality of the residual generator can be guaranteed so that the fast rate residual can be implemented via inverse lifting. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the feasibility of the obtained results.

Quality Assessment of Attribute Data in GIS Based on Simple Random Sampling

On the basis of the principles of simple random sampling, the statistical model of rate of disfigurement (RD) is put forward and described in detail. According to the definition of simple random sampling for the attribute data in GIS, the mean and variance of the RD are deduced as the characteristic value of the statistical model in order to explain the feasibility of the accuracy measurement of the attribute data in GIS by using the RD. Moreover, on the basis of the mean and variance of the RD, the quality assessment method for attribute data of vector maps during the data collecting is discussed. The RD spread graph is also drawn to see whether the quality of the attribute data is under control. The RD model can synthetically judge the quality of attribute data, which is different from other measurement coefficients that only discuss accuracy of classification.

Double sampling derivatives and truncation error estimates

This paper investigates double sampling series derivatives for bivariate functions defined on R2 that are in the Bernstein space. For this sampling series, we estimate some of the pointwise and uniform bounds when the function satisfies some decay conditions. The truncated series of this formula allow us to approximate any order of partial derivatives for function from Bernstein space using only a finite number of samples from the function itself. This sampling formula will be useful in the approximation theory and its applications, especially after having the truncation error well-established. Examples with tables and figures are given at the end of the paper to illustrate the advantages of this formula.

Parameter estimation for dual-rate sampled Hammerstein systems with dead-zone nonlinearity

The identification of nonlinear systems with multiple sampled rates is a difficult task.The motivation of our paper is to study the parameter estimation problem of Hammerstein systems with dead-zone characteristics by using the dual-rate sampled data.Firstly,the auxiliary model identification principle is used to estimate the unmeasurable variables,and the recursive estimation algorithm is proposed to identify the parameters of the static nonlinear model with the dead-zone function and the parameters of the dynamic linear system model.Then,the convergence of the proposed identification algorithm is analyzed by using the martingale convergence theorem.It is proved theoretically that the estimated parameters can converge to the real values under the condition of continuous excitation.Finally,the validity of the proposed algorithm is proved by the identification of the dual-rate sampled nonlinear systems.

基于现场可编程门阵列的矩阵求逆算法设计

由于自适应抗干扰算法在更新最优权值时存在时间延时,导致很难满足动态环境下的权值更新率要求。针对该情况已有学者对如何实现快速采样矩阵求逆算法进行研究,但仍存在只适用于低维矩阵,且权值更新率慢的问题。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于Cholesky分解的采样矩阵求逆算法实现架构。该实现架构主要包括协方差矩阵计算模块、Cholesky分解模块、计算下三角矩阵L的逆矩阵模块、三角矩阵相乘和权值计算模块。设计采用流水线加状态机实现结构有效地解决了因高阶采样矩阵求逆运算量大产生的权值更新率慢的问题。仿真结果表明,在现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)的硬件平台上,对于56阶采样矩阵,在100 MHz工作频率下,一次权值的更新时间仅需要1.2 ms。本文所提的实现架构为自适应抗干扰快速求解权值提供了一种切实可行的解决方案,对存在类似需求的权值求解系统具有一定的参考价值。

西北地区红层泥岩崩解特性试验研究

针对西北地区红层泥岩设计了一套自由浸水崩解装置,对不同质量的红层泥岩试块进行自由浸水试验。考虑试块的吸水过程,将试块吸水率作为崩解试验结果的补偿,研究不同质量红层泥岩试块的崩解率、崩解速率随时间变化规律。结果表明,测试红层泥岩膨胀性矿物含量较少,其崩解的前30%时间内崩解率可达45%~75%,前50%时间内崩解率可达68%~90%,崩解总时间T与试块质量m满足T=a*(1-e^(-b*m)) 关系。随着试块质量增加,试块崩解速率越大,且崩解的前50%时间内崩解率增加显著。

基于动态邻域采样的社交推荐模型

基于图神经网络的社交推荐模型在提升推荐系统性能方面有不错的表现。但现有方法都忽略了被查询的目标用户和项目节点与其邻居节点间可能存在特征不匹配的问题,导致噪声的引入而降低了模型性能。为了解决该问题,文中提出一种社交推荐模型DNSSR。首先构建一个包含用户和项目多元关系的关系图谱,图节点间信息关联更丰富;然后利用动态邻域采样机制获得与目标查询对的特征更一致的邻居节点,减少了噪声信息;另外,为了进一步提高模型预测性能,设计了一种增强型图神经网络对采样后得到的关系子图进行建模,它可以区分不同邻居节点的重要性并选择更可靠的信息源,获得更鲁棒的用户和项目嵌入向量用于评分预测。实验结果表明:相比其他先进模型,该模型预测误差明显降低,证明了文中所提各项方法的有效性;尤其是动态邻域采样机制,若将其弃用,DNSSR在Ciao数据集上的RMSE(均方根误差)和MAE(平均绝对误差)指标将分别上升6.05%和7.31%,在Epinions数据集上则分别上升3.49%和5.41%,充分验证了其能有效降低噪声干扰、提高社交推荐模型的性能。

便携式锂钾分析仪现场测定热泉水中的锂

锂是绿色能源和轻质合金的理想原料,作为一种重要的战略性资源而备受各国重视。热泉水中富含锂,储量可观,然而热泉水主要分布在西藏、云南等偏远地区,样品运输与实验室测试成本高、效率低,锂资源勘查急需现场分析技术的支持。热泉水一般含有较高浓度的钠、钾等元素,基体效应显著。本文利用自主研发的便携式锂钾分析仪,搭配负性滤光片,选择锂的分析谱线波长670.78nm,通过优化测量条件,建立了标准曲线法与标准加入法现场测定热泉水中锂元素的分析方法。实验结果表明,当电解质是体积分数为1.5%的盐酸,工作电流为70mA,进样流速为3.0mL/min时,锂检出限为4.07μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.03%。对热泉水样品进行加标测试,加标回收率为81.6%~115.9%。当热泉水样品基体组成较简单时,直接采用标准曲线法即可获得较准确的分析结果;当样品基体组成较复杂或者基体浓度高时,采用标准加入法可有效地减小基体效应,获得的分析结果相对更准确。本方法适用于不同类型基体的热泉水中锂含量的分析测试。

工业锅炉能效测试中蒸汽采样率的探讨

饱和蒸汽湿度和过热蒸汽含盐量测量是锅炉性能试验的重要测量参数,提高湿度和含盐量测量准确度的关键是蒸汽等速采样,科学合理的蒸汽采样率可以帮助实现蒸汽等速采样。本文通过实例分析,研究了不同蒸汽引出管和采样器入口喷嘴直径对蒸汽采样率的影响,分析了蒸汽采样率的合格标准,提出了满足采样率国家标准的多孔数量。另外,针对现有国家标准GB/T 10180—2017中未提供饱和蒸汽采样率计算公式的问题,本文基于等速采样原理,推导出了单孔和多孔蒸汽采样率计算公式。本文对于饱和蒸汽和过热蒸汽采样工作具有重要的规范作用。

基于快速采样的剪切光束成像图像重构算法

剪切光束成像是一种非传统地基光学成像技术,在对位姿快速变化的目标成像时,为重构目标高分辨率清晰图像,其成像系统的回波数据采样速率仍不够快.本文提出一种五光束快速采样的图像重构方法,通过改变成像系统编码和解码方法,采用中心对称结构呈“十”字形排布的发射光束阵型,利用所提的快速图像重构算法,单次采样的回波数据所能重构的目标图像从1幅增加到8幅,快速抑制了重构图像的散斑效应.仿真结果表明,与传统三光束图像重构方法相比,获得相同质量图像所需的回波数据采样次数从20次减少至5次,大幅减少了回波数据采样次数,提高了回波数据采样速率.

巴润矿露天开采贫化控制技术研究及应用

在分析巴润矿贫化原因基础上,结合矿山生产实际,对巴润露天矿矿岩交界处的贫化率进行控制,提出了通过穿孔取样的方式精准确定矿岩边界、矿岩爆破分离、混合爆堆中矿岩石边界的精准识别及优化铲装技术等措施,有效降低了矿岩混杂情况,贫化率降到了2%以下,回采指标明显改善。