Electronic structure and spin state regulation of vanadium nitride via a sulfur doping strategy toward flexible zinc-air batteries

Owing to the distinctive structural characteristics,vanadium nitride(VN)is highly regarded as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in zinc-air batteries(ZABs).However,VN exhibits limited intrinsic ORR activity due to the weak adsorption ability to O-containing species.Here,the S-doped VN anchored on N,S-doped multi-dimensional carbon(S-VN/Co/NS-MC)was constructed using the solvothermal and in-situ doping methods.Incorporating sulfur atoms into VN species alters the electron spin state of vanadium in the S-VN/Co/NS-MC for regulating the adsorption energy of vanadium sites to oxygen molecules.The introduced sulfur atoms polarize the V 3d_(z)^(2) electrons,shifting spin-down electrons closer to the Fermi level in the S-VN/Co/NS-MC.Consequently,the introduction of sulfur atoms into VN species enhances the adsorption energy of vanadium sites for oxygen molecules.The*OOH dissociation transitions from being unspontaneous on the VN surface to a spontaneous state on the S-doped VN surface.Then,the ORR barrier on the S-VN/Co/NS-MC surface is reduced.The S-VN/Co/NS-MC demonstrates a higher half-wave potential and limiting current density compared to the VN/Co/N-MC.The S-VN/Co/NS-MC-based liquid ZABs display a power density of 195.7 m W cm^(-2),a specific capacity of 815.7 m A h g^(-1),and a cycling stability exceeding 250 h.The S-VN/Co/NS-MC-based flexible ZABs are successfully employed to charge both a smart watch and a mobile phone.This approach holds promise for advancing the commercial utilization of VN-based catalysts in ZABs.

Regulation on the Protection of Fossils Issued by the State Council of the People's Republic of China:Scientists' Researches Protected Legally—Further Explanation

With large-scale engineering projects being carried out in China, a large number of fossil localities have been discovered and excavated by responsible agencies, but still some important fossils of great value have been removed and smuggled into foreign countries. In the last three years, more than 1345 fossil specimens have been intercepted by Customs in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing and elsewhere, and more than 5000 fossils, most of which are listed as key fossils,

Microenvironment and electronic state modulation of Pd nanoparticles within MOFs for enhancing low-temperature activity towards DCPD hydrogenation

Precise control of the local environment and electronic state of the guest is an important method of controlling catalytic activity and reaction pathways.In this paper,guest Pd NPs were introduced into a series of host UiO-67 MOFs with different functional ligands and metal nodes,the microenvironment and local electronic structure of Pd is modulated by introducing bipyridine groups and changing metal nodes(Ce_(6)O_(6) or Zr_(6)O_(6)).The bipyridine groups not only promoted the dispersion Pd NPs,but also facilitated electron transfer between Pd and UiO-67 MOFs through the formation of Pd-N bridges.Compared with Zr6 clusters,the tunability and orbital hybridisation of the 4f electronic structure in the Ce_(6) clusters modulate the electronic structure of Pd through the construction of the Ce-O-Pd interfaces.The optimal catalyst Pd/UiO-67(Ce)-bpy presented excellent low-temperature activity towards dicyclopentadiene hydrogenation with a conversion of>99% and a selectivity of>99%(50℃,10 bar).The results show that the synergy of Ce-O-Pd and Pd-N promotes the formation of active Pd^(δ+),which not only enhances the adsorption of H_(2) and electron-rich C=C bonds,but also contributes to the reduction of proton migration distance and improves proton utilization efficiency.These results provide valuable insights for investigating the regulatory role of the host MOFs,the nature of host-guest interactions,and their correlation with catalytic performance.

A study on aquaculture industry regulations and policies of globally representative states

Aquaculture has a long history,and has achieved rapid development from 1950 to 2010,especially since the 1990s.Nevertheless,aquaculture has also seen a series of problems emerge.Inevitably,aquaculture interacts with the environment and society.Rapid development requires that close attention be paid to potential environmental and social impacts and their prevention or mitigation.The development and management of aquaculture is related closely with a variety of legal and institutional arrangements.Thus,aquaculture raises numerous legal and institutional issues.This paper explores actual legal and institutional practices of global representative aquaculture countries and provides a comprehensive account of the legislation and policies of different countries.Further,this paper reveals that the optimal legal framework for aquaculture is in line with related international regulations(especially the soft laws)and strictly operational,and the corresponding policy framework should establish early access and warning,as well as post assessment and feedback mechanisms.

State Council Issued the “Regulations on the Control of Foreign Funded Financial Institutions”

The Xinhua News Agency has released the full text of the No.340 order of the State Council signed by Premier Zhu Rongji, on the publication of the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Control of Foreign Funded Financial Institutions, which will take effect on the date of February 1 in 2002.

The State Food and Drug Administration:Supervisory Regulations on Cosmetics May Be Introduced This Year

On May 28, 2019 Chinese Cosmetics Development Conference was held in Beijing. At the conference, Li Nan, chief of the General Division, Supervision Department of the State Food and Drug Administration introduced China’s development concerning the cosmetics supervisory rules and regulations from the perspectives of legislation plan and thinking. He mentioned that the regulations on supervision and administration of cosmetics are expected to be released this year, and the regulations on cosmetic registration and label management.

AMENDMENTS TO REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL BY THE STATE COUNCIL

Recently,decision has been made by the State Council onthe amendments to the Regulations for foreign Exchange Controlof the People’s Republic of China".The following amendments to the "Regulations Foreign Ex-change Control of the People’s Republic of China" are decided bythe State Council:1.Add an article and become Article five "No restriction bythe State as to regular international payment and transfer".2.Article 13 Clause one become Article 14 Clause one,amendto read "Foreign exchange of private use by individuals can be pur-chased within the prescribed limit amount.Foreign exchange ofprivate use by individuals in excess of the prescribed limit amount,an application has to be filed with the Administration of ExchangeControl,and foreign exchange can be purchased after

Using Artificial Neural Networks for Energy Regulation Based Variable-speed Electrohydraulic Drive

In the energy regulation based varibable-speed electrohydraulic drive system, the supply energy and the demanded energy, which will affect the control performance greatly, are crucial. However, they are hard to be obtained via conventional methods for some reasons. This paper tries to a new route： the definitive numerical values of the supply energy and the demanded energy are not required, except for their relationship which is called energy state. A three-layer back propagation（BP） neural network was built up to act as an energy analysis unit to deduce the energy state. The neural network has three inputs： the reference displacement, the actual displacement of cylinder rod and the system flowrate supply. The output of the neural network is energy state. A Chebyshev type II filter was designed to calculate the cylinder speed for the estimation of system flowrate supply. The training and testing samples of neural network were collected by the system accurate simulation model. After off-line training, the neural network was tested by the testing data. And the testing result demonstrates that the designed neural network was successful. Then, the neural network acts as the energy analysis unit in real-time experiments of cylinder position control, where it works efficiently under square-wave and sine-wave reference displacement. The experimental results validate its feasibility and adaptability. Only a position sensor and some pressure sensors, which are cheap and have quick dynamic response, are necessary for the system control. And the neural network plays the role of identifying the energy state.

Characteristic features of ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and the regulation of stomach ghrelin expression and production

Ghrelin was isolated as an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor from the rat stomach. Although physiological effects of ghrelin have been revealed by numerous studies, the regulation of stomach ghrelin remains obscure, and the factor that directly regulates ghrelin expression and production has not been identified. Here, we show some data regarding the characteristic features of ghrelin cells and the regulation of stomach ghrelin. In the gastrointestinal tract, ghrelin cells were identified as opened- and closed-type cells, and it was found that the number of ghrelin cells decreased from the stomach to the colon. The postnatal change in number of ghrelin cells in the stomach showed a sexually dimorphic pattern, indicating a role of estrogen in the regulation of stomach ghrelin. In vitro studies revealed that estrogen stimulated both ghrelin expression and production and that treatment with formestane, an aromatase (estrogen synthetase) inhibitor, decreased ghrelin expression level. On the other hand, leptin was found to inhibit both basal and estrogen-stimulated ghrelin expression. Moreover, both aromatase mRNA- expressing cells and leptin cells were found to be located close to ghrelin cells in the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, we found an inverse relationship between gastric ghrelin and leptin levels in a fasting state, and we revealed relative changes in expression of gastric ghrelin, estrogen and leptin in the postnatal rats. We propose that gastric estrogen and leptin directly regulate stomach ghrelin and that the balance control through gastric estrogen and leptin contributes to the altered ghrelin expression level in some physiological states.

ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION OF A SINGULARLY PERTURBED NONLINEAR STATE REGULATOR PROBLEM

This paper, will seek the optimal control and corresponding trajectories of the singularly perturbed nonlinear state regulator problem. Under appropriate hypotheses. it will be possible to complete an asymptotic solution which is uniformly valid when e→0.

Visible-light deposition of CrO_(x) cocatalyst on TiO_(2):Cr valence regulation for superior photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to CH_(4)

Photodeposition is widely adopted for implanting metal/metal oxide cocatalysts on semiconductors.However,it is prerequisite that the photon energy should be sufficient to excite the host semiconductor.Here,we report a lower-energy irradiation powered deposition strategy for implanting CrO_(x) cocatalyst on TiO_(2).Excitingly,CrO_(x)-400 implanted under visible-light irradiation significantly promotes the CH4 evolution rate on TiO_(2)to 8.4μmolg·^(-1)h^(-1) with selectivity of98%from photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction,which is 15 times of that on CrO_(x)-200 implanted under UV-visible-light irradiation.Moreover,CrO_(x)-400 is identified to be composed of higher valence Cr species compared to CrO_(x)-200.This valence states regulation of Cr species is indicated to provide more active sites for CO_(2) adsorption/activation and to modulate the reaction mechanism from single Cr site to Cr-Cr dual sites,thus endowing the superior CH_(4)production.This work demonstrates an alternative strategy for constructing efficient metal oxides cocatalysts on wide bandgap semiconductor.

Asymptotic regulation of cascade systems with unknown control directions and nonlinear parameterization

A robust partial-state feedback asymptotic regulating control scheme is developed for a class of cascade systems with both nonlinear uncertainties and unknown control directions. A parameter separation technique is introduced to separate the time-varying uncertainty and the unmeasurable state from nonlinear functions. Then, the Nussbaum-type gain method together with the idea of changing supply functions is adopted in the design of a smooth partial-state regulator that can ensure all the signals of the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded. Especially, the system state asymptotically converges to zero. The design procedure is illustrated through an example and the simulation results show that the controller is feasible and effective.

Regulation of Tibetan Buddhism in Contemporary China

This article examines regulations of Tibetan Buddhism locally and nationwide,especially focusing on regulations pertinent to Tibetan lamas/monks.Based on fieldwork and studies of contemporary materials,the article demonstrates regulations of Tibetan Buddhism in contemporary China derive from two religious management systems:the state management system of religion and the monastic management system.Then it discusses the intersection of these regulations of Tibetan Buddhism in China,and it argues further that the changing balance between state power and religion throughout the intersectional regulations in practice,despite the religion under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

Financial Sustainability Among Higher Education Institutions in the United States

This article explores the challenges of financial sustainability faced by higher education institutions in the United States.Against a backdrop of stringent state and federal regulations coupled with a decline in financial support,institutions are grappling with a shifting landscape.The paper delves into the intricacies of state regulations and funding policies,highlighting their impact on educational establishments.Furthermore,strategies for financial sustainability,including student attraction and retention,are discussed.The article concludes by underscoring the duality of regulations as both challenges and essential resources,suggesting a potential shift towards greater autonomy and a reshaping of the educational landscape in response to modern challenges.

土地经营权入股公司:股东出资、保本投资与配套制度

土地经营权入股发展农业产业化经营是深化农村土地制度改革的重要举措,也是促进农业适度规模经营、实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接的重要途径。土地经营权入股公司应定性为股东出资行为,以公司法为基础,完善股东出资、法人运行与配套措施等方面的法律法规。在股东出资方面,应限定出资标的物范围,完善农村土地价值评估机制。在法人运行方面,为农民股东优先配置可转换的、可累积的及可参与嗣后分配的优先股以基本实现其“保底收益+按股分红”目的;为农民股东配置优先股赎回权、清算优先权与股份回购保险以基本实现“保本退出”目的。在配套措施方面,国家应灵活运用宏观调控措施以改善农业弱质性问题,完善农村社会保障制度以破除农民失地失业困境。

无人驾驶车辆路径跟踪混合控制策略研究

针对单一控制算法无法同时满足无人驾驶车辆对路径跟踪精度和控制器求解速度需求的问题,提出一种基于线性二次型调节器(LQR)和模型预测控制(MPC)的混合控制策略。该策略在低速工况下使用线性二次型调节器、在高速工况下使用模型预测控制算法进行路径跟踪控制,在此基础上设计基于有限状态机(FSM)的控制算法切换机制,并通过遗传算法(GA)对控制参数进行优化,基于CarSim和MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台对混合控制策略进行仿真验证,并进一步完成了实车试验。试验结果表明,所设计的混合控制策略能够在提高跟踪精度的基础上缩短计算时间,与单一控制算法相比,平均横向误差和平均航向误差分别减小了26.3%和39.6%,平均计算时间缩短了10.9%。

考虑电力网络约束的工业园区虚拟电厂调控边界求解方法

构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统,亟须挖掘负荷侧灵活调节资源参与电网调控。含电解铝、矿热炉等高耗能负荷的工业园区具备良好的调控潜力,但是考虑园区内部电力网络约束,其精确调控边界求解面临着变量维数高、约束非线性的难题,现有方法不能较好地兼顾计算效率和精度。对此,文中将上述问题抽象为高维非线性状态空间在P-Q耦合平面的投影问题:分别建立考虑工业园区安全运行线性化和非线性约束的调控边界投影求解模型,采用一种新颖的高维状态空间投影算法,通过顶点“搜索-映射”的两步式求解过程,得到工业园区型虚拟电厂调控边界的精确投影。算例结果表明,采用所提方法求解的调控边界可由线性不等式组完全表征,与现有调度系统完全兼容,结合与叠加柔性资源调控能力和传统采样方法的对比,验证了该方法的可行性以及高求解精度和效率。

基于单片机的直流电机变频调速方法与仿真

针对电机谐波损耗及逆变器输出谐波信号影响直流电机变频调速的稳定性,导致调速性能不佳等,提出一种基于单片机的直流电机变频调速方法。建立直流电机变频调速状态空间模型,通过上述模型获取变频调速系统的运行状态;采用电流、速度双闭环PI控制器实现直流电机的变频调速初步控制,使直流电机变频调速系统可同时满足静态性能与动态性能;将直流侧电压输入至SVPWM脉宽调制系统,进一步降低电机谐波损耗和脉动转矩,实现变频调速的精确控制。仿真结果表明,所提方法的直流电机变频调速稳定性更佳、精度更高,整体效果更佳。

国有企业稳增长:跨周期调节机理与实施路径

稳增长是国有企业的核心功能之一。文章从跨周期调节视角论述了国有企业稳增长的内在机理、经验事实与实施路径,研究发现:国有企业稳增长要坚持发挥国家发展规划的战略导向作用,以做实做强做优实体经济为着力点,以促进经济增长方式转变、结构优化、动力转换为重点,坚持稳中求进方法论,促进高质量发展;国有企业在基础设施、科技创新、区域平衡发展、收入分配、社会责任等领域的跨周期调节表现较为突出;新发展阶段,国有企业稳增长的实施路径包括:拓展有效投资空间和领域、优化国有资本空间行业布局、发挥价格调节机制在降低宏观经济运行成本中的基础性作用、提供更多高质量的基本公共产品和服务。

环境规制、所有制结构与技术创新——兼论国企改革的作用

环境保护可以促进资源节约、推动技术进步,因此,基于环境保护优化经济结构成为经济发展的必然趋势。波特假说认为,环境规制在改善环境的同时也推动了企业技术创新和竞争力的提升,能够实现环境保护和经济发展的共赢。本文在控制了市场竞争强度、企业家精神等重要解释变量下,试图回答所有制结构在我国是否影响了波特效应。研究发现,尽管环境规制在一定程度上能促进企业加大技术创新,但从企业经济性质考察,环境规制的波特效应受所有制结构的影响,实际效果被降低了。可能的原因是当前我国的市场竞争环境还不够高效,环境规制对国有企业和民营企业产生了不同的效应,从整体上拖累了企业技术创新。因此有必要加快推进国有企业改革,改善市场竞争环境,依法加强环境规制,降低因企业性质差异而产生的不同环境规制影响。