The calculated discharge curve method is based on thermodynamically reversible work: The product of the open-circuit voltage, initial current, and time, i.e., the sum of useful energy and energy losses. A calculated d...The calculated discharge curve method is based on thermodynamically reversible work: The product of the open-circuit voltage, initial current, and time, i.e., the sum of useful energy and energy losses. A calculated discharge curve is based on the constant step change of the battery voltage in correspondence with a cardinal number set. The essential solution is the transformation of the discharge data voltage vs. time into time vs. voltage using basic equations (three-point operators: power of internal resistance and time), which are valid for all battery electrochemical systems, battery designs and discharge conditions. The mono and multi-cell battery operating conditions consist of the following: 1) The four discharge modes by constant loads: resistor, current, voltage, and power;2) Two load regimes: Self-driving and device-driving (galvanostat, potentiostat) or battery connection (serial, parallel, combine);and 3) Continual and intermittent discharge. The battery average cell and cell/battery average characteristics, regarding time and capacities, are introduced as the new battery characteristics.展开更多
Considering that almost all existing solutions of fusing different reconstructed results require experts’opinions and the issue of how to fuse probabilistic results and mixed results has not been discussed.Two soluti...Considering that almost all existing solutions of fusing different reconstructed results require experts’opinions and the issue of how to fuse probabilistic results and mixed results has not been discussed.Two solutions are proposed.The first is based on the Monte Carlo Method(FMCM),while the second is based on the Sub-Interval Technique(FSIT).The method based on FMCM generates sample points according to the distribution of each uncertain result firstly,and then gives out the cumulative distribution function of the final fused result by statistical analysis.The method based on FSIT gets the result fusion interval set according to lower and upper bounds of all interval results and a given length d of each sub-interval firstly,and then calculate the weighted matrix of the result fusion interval.As a result,the cumulative distribution function of the final fused result can also be given out by statistical analysis.Finally,three real accidents are given to demonstrate the methods of FMCM and FSIT,the results of which show that both work well in practice.展开更多
文摘The calculated discharge curve method is based on thermodynamically reversible work: The product of the open-circuit voltage, initial current, and time, i.e., the sum of useful energy and energy losses. A calculated discharge curve is based on the constant step change of the battery voltage in correspondence with a cardinal number set. The essential solution is the transformation of the discharge data voltage vs. time into time vs. voltage using basic equations (three-point operators: power of internal resistance and time), which are valid for all battery electrochemical systems, battery designs and discharge conditions. The mono and multi-cell battery operating conditions consist of the following: 1) The four discharge modes by constant loads: resistor, current, voltage, and power;2) Two load regimes: Self-driving and device-driving (galvanostat, potentiostat) or battery connection (serial, parallel, combine);and 3) Continual and intermittent discharge. The battery average cell and cell/battery average characteristics, regarding time and capacities, are introduced as the new battery characteristics.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 51775056]the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province[grant number 2018JJ3544]the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate[grant number CX2018B550].
文摘Considering that almost all existing solutions of fusing different reconstructed results require experts’opinions and the issue of how to fuse probabilistic results and mixed results has not been discussed.Two solutions are proposed.The first is based on the Monte Carlo Method(FMCM),while the second is based on the Sub-Interval Technique(FSIT).The method based on FMCM generates sample points according to the distribution of each uncertain result firstly,and then gives out the cumulative distribution function of the final fused result by statistical analysis.The method based on FSIT gets the result fusion interval set according to lower and upper bounds of all interval results and a given length d of each sub-interval firstly,and then calculate the weighted matrix of the result fusion interval.As a result,the cumulative distribution function of the final fused result can also be given out by statistical analysis.Finally,three real accidents are given to demonstrate the methods of FMCM and FSIT,the results of which show that both work well in practice.
