High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

A High Efficiency Hardware Implementation of S-Boxes Based on Composite Field for Advanced Encryption Standard

The SubBytes (S-box) transformation is the most crucial operation in the AES algorithm, significantly impacting the implementation performance of AES chips. To design a high-performance S-box, a segmented optimization implementation of the S-box is proposed based on the composite field inverse operation in this paper. This proposed S-box implementation is modeled using Verilog language and synthesized using Design Complier software under the premise of ensuring the correctness of the simulation result. The synthesis results show that, compared to several current S-box implementation schemes, the proposed implementation of the S-box significantly reduces the area overhead and critical path delay, then gets higher hardware efficiency. This provides strong support for realizing efficient and compact S-box ASIC designs.

一种改进的基于再励学习算法的模糊神经BOXES控制系统

本文给出了一种改进的基于再励算法的神经网络 BOXES控制系统 ,引入超维椭球体模糊划分状态空间的概念 ,并且通过神经网络的再励学习实现了对状态空间的自动划分。最后 ,应用到倒立摆控制中的仿真结果展示了控制系统的有效性。

洛阳地区回族人群RHD基因Rhesus boxes研究

目的探讨洛阳地区回族人群RHD基因Rhesus boxes特征,并判定RHD杂合性。方法收集洛阳地区不同RhD表型的回族献血者血液492例,应用PCR-SSP技术检测RHD基因Rhesus boxes。结果在425例D阳性标本中,同时检出Up box和Down box标本有352例(82.82%),为RHD+/RHD+纯合子;同时检出Hybrid、Up及Down box标本有73例(17.18%),为RHD+/RHD-杂合子。在弱D和Del标本中,同时检出Up box和Down box标本数分别为4例(44.44%)和4例(25.00%),同时检测到Hybrid、Up及Down box标本数分别为5例(55.56%)和12例(75.00%),未能单独检测出杂交Rhesus box。在42例RhD阴性标本中,同时检测到Hybrid、Up及Down box标本有3例(7.14%),仅检出Hybrid box标本有39例(92.86%),未能同时检测出Up box和Down box。结论洛阳地区回族人群中RHD基因Rhesus boxes具有独特的分布特征,应用Rhesus boxes来确定RHD基因杂合性在临床输血和产前预防RhD新生儿溶血病有重要意义。

基于Edge Boxes的大型车辆车标检测与识别

传统车标检测与识别算法难以检测大型车辆车标,且速度较慢。提出了一种基于Edge Boxes的大型车辆车标检测与识别方法。Edge Boxes算法是一种成熟的图像分割算法,能够快速且有效地检测物体位置,满足大型车辆车标检测与识别问题的准确性及实时性的需求。该方法首先根据车标在车辆中的空间位置关系初选车标候选区,然后利用Edge Boxes算法进行目标提取,进而将提取得到的目标送入利用线性约束编码构建的车标检测分类器和车标识别分类器进行训练与识别,得到车标检测与识别结果。对不同卡口的不同天气和光照条件下采集的4 480张图像(含50类大型车辆)进行实验,实验结果表明,在检测与识别性能以及时间消耗方面均优于传统方法,具有良好的实用前景。

Marching Boxes:一个多精度等值面抽取算法

ＭａｒｃｈｉｎｇＣｕｂｅｓ（ＭＣ）算法是生成三维数据场等值面的经典算法，适用于数据场密度较高的体数据．结合显示所需精度提出的ＭａｒｃｈｉｎｇＢｏｘｅｓ（ＭＢ）算法，对ＭＣ算法作了优化，减少了由ＭＣ算法生成的三角面片数，使实时观察体数据成为可能．在保留图象细节的前提下，ＭＢ算法输出的三角面片数比ＭＣ算法减少了一半以上，从而加快了体数据的面绘制速度．

Expert System for the Design of Single Speed Gear Boxes

Based on the characteristic peculiarities of mechanical design expert systems (MDES), the design process pf gear box and its components is introduced and the gear box design expert systems (GBES)is established. GBES employs the methods of knowledge representation to indicate the knowledge-unit-rule-process, table-vector-process. By taking the advantage of knowledge unit's indicator, it can make the units of knowledge base to to combine to form a whole in the feature of trees and nets so that it can give deduction conveniently. The knowledge base of GBES is organized in hierarchy, which provides the efficient managerial systems of knowledge base. It makes the knowledge base convenient greatly for establishing and using. The assistant modules of GBES are written in FORTRAN and the part of expert systems is written in LISP. It explains the I/O among each module and the forms of independent application. The GBES systems have been put into preliminary, use in practice.

基于Edge Boxes和深度学习的非限制条件下人脸检测

针对光线、旋转、遮挡、平移等因素对人脸检测结果产生的干扰,提出一种基于Edge Boxes和深度学习相结合的人脸检测算法。首先采用Edge Boxes算法提取出可能存在人脸的边界框,提取边界框中的图像并调整至合适的大小,作为卷积神经网络的输入,然后利用卷积神经网络对提取出的图像进行特征提取和分类,最后利用非极大抑制算法排除多余人脸检测框,得到人脸的准确位置。该算法应用于LFW和Yale B人脸数据库的检测率分别达到98.7%和98.5%,识别单张人脸的时间均小于0.5 s。实验结果表明,该算法在检测率和检测速率方面较传统算法都有了很大的提高,对于遮挡、光照、旋转等干扰具有更强的鲁棒性。

基于Edge Boxes和深度学习的车辆检测

传统的基于机器学习的车辆检测无法自适应地提取图像的典型特征,本文提出了基于深度学习的检测方法,并用Edge Boxes算法提取车辆的预选区域以取代传统的多尺度滑动窗口搜索策略。在高分辨率卫星影像上的实验证明了本算法的有效性。

Influence of forest road on breeding of tits in artificial nest boxes

A study was conducted to determine the influence of forest road on breeding of tits in artificial nest boxes in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests in the Gwanak Arboretum （37° 25′ 05＂ N, 126° 56′ 85＂ E） of Seoul National University, Anyang, Korea from November 2002 to June 2003. Three tits species, varied tit （Parus varius）, marsh tit （P. palustris） and great tit （P. major）, breeding in artificial t nest boxes were investigated on number of breeding pairs, cultch size, and egg measurement. Resuls showed that the breeding pairs of varied tit was more in 75-150 m area than in 0-75m area from forest road for all the three study sites, and the clutch size and egg measurements （weight, Major axis and Minor axis） of varied tit was also higher in the area of 75-150 m than in the area of 0-75 m, while no differences in number of breeding pairs and clutch size were found for marsh tit and great tit between the two areas. Egg measurement of great tit was also higher in forest interior area than in forest edge area. It is concluded that varied tit were most significantly influenced by forest road, followed by great tit, whereas marsh tit were not influenced by forest road. Artificial nest box is roved to be good for cavity nester in disturbed areas by human activities. Supply of artificial nest can help population protection and management of bird species.

基于Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化酒黄精炮制工艺

目的采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法(Box-Behnken design-response surface method,BBD-RSM)对黄精炮制工艺进行优化,筛选最佳工艺参数。方法研究于2023年1—5月开展。以黄精外观性状、醇浸出物、多糖含量等为评价指标,基于单因素试验进行响应面综合实验,运用BBD-RSM,探索黄精饮片润制时间、蒸制时间、焖制时间等对其品质的影响,优选炮制工艺参数及炮制设备。结果通过拟合模型,外观性状评分、醇浸出物含量、黄精多糖含量预测值分别为72.31分、64.86%、12.96%,优选黄精最佳酒制工艺为润制时间1.5 h、蒸制时间5.5 h、焖制时间1.0 h;蒸制设备拟选用回转式蒸药机,干燥设备拟选用敞开式烘干箱。结论所优选酒黄精炮制工艺合理、可行,为酒黄精炮制生产工艺及设备选型提供了依据。

Nano storage-boxes constructed by the vertical growth of MoS_(2 )on graphene for high-performance Li-S batteries

In order to accelerate the reaction kinetics of lithium-sulfur batteries, the introduction of electro catalysis and proper structural control of the sulfur cathode is urgently needed. MoS_(2) nano sheets was selectively grown vertically (V-MoS_(2)) on the microwave-reduced graphene (rGO) sheets through chemical coupling to construct a self-supporting sulfur cathode with a nano storage-box structure (V-MoS_(2) as the wall and rGO as the bottom). RGO, which has a high conductivity of 37 S cm^(−1), greatly accelerates the transfer of electrons from the active sites on the edge of the layer to the solution. The introduction of carbon tubes can connect the abundant pores in the foam and act as a long-range conductive path. The 2D-orthogonal-2D structure maximally exposes the edge active sites of MoS_(2), and together with graphene form a nano reactor of sulfur, intermediate lithium polysulfides and discharge product Li_(2)S(2). The effective combination of the microstructure confinement of the nano storage-boxes and the efficient synchronous catalytic mechanism of V-MoS_(2) greatly improves the electrochemical performance of the lithium-sulfur batteries. As a result, the assembled lithium-sulfur battery displays a high initial discharge capacity of 1379 mAh g^(−1), good cycle stability (86% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 0.1C) and superior rate performance.

基于Box-Behnken响应面法优化方便藜麦粥制备工艺

以复水率、复水时间和感官品质为指标,通过单因素试验优选方便藜麦粥的最佳浸泡温度、料水比和蒸煮时间;利用Box-Behnken响应面法优化其制备工艺,并采用加权法计算综合得分。结果表明,最佳制备工艺为浸泡温度41℃,料水比1∶9,蒸煮时间23 min。经验证试验,其综合得分为96.08,与理论预测值(96.43)的相对偏差为0.35%(<5.0%)。优化的方便藜麦粥制备工艺为其开发应用提供重要支撑。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化葛根异黄酮提取纯化工艺及损伤心肌细胞治疗作用研究

目的:采用Box-Behnken响应面优化葛根异黄酮最佳提取工艺,并研究葛根异黄酮对损伤心肌细胞的治疗作用。方法:在单因素实验的基础上,以料液比、提取时间、溶剂浓度为考察因素,以3'-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3'-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的含量为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken响应面法设计实验,以葛根异黄酮总提取率为考察指标,通过分析回归方程模型,优选最佳提取工艺并验证工艺;采用MTT法检测葛根异黄酮对损伤心肌细胞的治疗作用。结果:Box-Behnken响应面法优化得到葛根异黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比为30 mg·mL^(-1),提取时间为100 min,乙醇体积分数为73%,葛根异黄酮的总提取率平均值为41.6 mg·g^(-1),与预测值42.08 mg·g^(-1),相对误差0.81%;葛根异黄酮对H 2O_(2)损伤的缺氧复氧模型和Na 2S_(2)O 4损伤的缺血再灌注模型OD值分别为0.7436±0.0292和0.7457±0.0094,细胞存活率分别为81.32%和73.41%。结论:优选葛根抗氧化活性异黄酮最佳工艺稳定,预测模型效果良好,且葛根异黄酮对心肌缺血有良好的治疗作用。

多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优选栀子茯苓压片糖果的提取工艺

以提取液中栀子苷含量及干膏率作为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上采用直接回流提取法、多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法考察了乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比3个因素对提取工艺的影响。结果表明,制剂的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度75%,提取时间120 min,料液比17倍,栀子苷平均含量为3.17%,平均干膏率为11.33%,综合评分平均值为98.30(n=3,RSD=0.18%)。该工艺合理可行,有效成分提取率高,适合大规模生产。

The use of artificial nest boxes by Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) in South Korea

In this study, we examined the use of artificial nest boxes by Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) in three coniferous and mixed forests in Gangwon Province, South Korea. Six hundred and twelve boxes with different sized entry holes (ranging from 3 to 7 cm in diameter) were placed in the forests between 2004 and 2009. Pteromys volans used nine boxes in the coniferous forests and two boxes in the mixed forests. The squirrels only used boxes with entrance holes measuring 3.5, 4, and 5 cm in diameter, showing a strong and moderate preference for boxes with 5 and 4-cm holes, respectively, and a strong avoidance for boxes with 3- and 7-cm holes. Therefore, we suggest placing artificial nest boxes with entrance holes 5 cm in diameter to encourage breeding activity. Most nests made in the artificial boxes were composed of fibrous materials from woody vines. We recommend placing artificial nest boxes with holes of 5-cm diameter in coniferous forests, which support dense populations of P. volans, to survey whether this approach would positively affect the breeding habits and population maintenance of this species.

Negative effects of artiffcial nest boxes on birds:A review

Artificial nest boxes are placed to attract birds to nest and breed in a specific location,and they are widely used in avian ecology research and in the attraction of insectivorous birds.There is evidence that artificial nest boxes can adversely affect breeding fitness but no great focus has been placed on this issue by researchers.Therefore,we retrieved 321 research papers regarding artificial nest boxes published from 2003 to 2022 and used the'Biblioshiny'program to extract and integrate keywords;we then summarized the adverse effects of artificial nest boxes on avian breeding success.The studies highlighted many drawbacks and misuses in the designing and placement of nest boxes;furthermore,bird attraction was decreased by their inappropriate selection,thus reducing breeding success.Regarding nest box production,there were shortcomings in the construction material,color,smell,and structural design of the boxes used.Nest boxes were also placed at inappropriate densities,locations,orientations,heights,and managed incorrectly.Finally,we propose suggestions for more efficient and safer artificial nest boxes for future use in avian ecology research and bird conservation.

Scanning and Selection Methods Using Solution Boxes of Inequality

Numerical methods often reduce solving a complicated problem to a set of elementary problems. In some previous papers, the author reduced the finding of solution boxes of a system of inequalities, the computation of integral value with error bound, the approximation of global maxima to computing solution boxes of one inequality. This paper contains new and improved methods for application of solution boxes of an inequality, furthermore the computational aspects are discussed in detail.

A Review of Existing 4-Bit Crypto S-Box Cryptanalysis Techniques and Two New Techniques with 4-Bit Boolean Functions for Cryptanalysis of 4-Bit Crypto S-Boxes

4-bit linear relations play an important role in cryptanalysis of 4-bit crypto S-boxes. 4-bit finite differences have also been a major part of cryptanalysis of 4-bit S-boxes. Existence of all 4-bit linear relations have been counted for all of 16 input and 16 output 4-bit bit patterns of 4-bit Crypto S-boxes said as S-boxes has been reported in Linear Cryptanalysis of 4-bit S-boxes. Count of existing finite differences from each element of output S-boxes to distant output S-boxes have been noted in Differential Cryptanalysis of S-boxes. In this paper a brief review of these two cryptanalytic methods for 4-bit S-boxes has been introduced in a very lucid and conceptual manner. Two new analysis techniques, one to search for the existing linear approximations among the input vectors (IPVs) and output Boolean functions (BFs) of a particular S-box has also been introduced in this paper. The search is limited to find the existing linear relations or approximations in the contrary to count the number of existent linear relations among all 16, 4-bit input and output bit patterns within all possible linear approximations. Another is to find number of balanced BFs in difference output S-boxes. Better the number of Balanced BFs, Better the security.

一类单调递减正项数列的BOX维数估计

当使用比较原则、 柯西判别法在讨论正项级数敛散性时,会遇到比值极限为1从而无法使用的情况,典型的例子为数组{1/n}和{1/n2}的正项级数具有不同的敛散性。 本文讨论了形如1/na(α > 0) 正项级数的敛散性与对应点集的BOX维数存在一定关联,当点集的BOX维数大于等于1/2时,正项级数发散;小于1/2时,正项级数收敛,同时提出了利用1/n为参照对象判断数列正项级数敛散性的一种新方法。