Impact of digital economy development on carbon productivity:An empirical analysis based on threshold effect and spatial spillover effect

Utilizing provincial panel data from 2014 to 2020,this study employs a fixed effect model,a threshold effect model,and a spatial lag model to empirically examine the correlation between digital economic development and carbon productivity.The findings indicate that digital economic development significantly contributes to the enhancement of carbon productivity in the long term.Furthermore,through instrumental variable method,replacement of explanatory variables and other methods to test its endogeneity and stability,the results remain robust.In terms of regional heterogeneity,the impact of digital economic development on carbon productivity is less pronounced in the central and western regions compared to the eastern region.Additionally,further investigation reveals that industrial structure upgrading and science and technology investment level exhibit different threshold effects on the influence of digital economy development level on carbon productivity.Moreover,there is a significant spatial spillover effect of digital economy development on carbon productivity with H-H and L-L agglomeration spatial correlation.

Spatial spillover effects of transport infrastructure on regional economic growth

Spatial spillover effects,either positive or negative,of transport infrastructure,highways/expressways,etc.,on regional economic growth are proposed.Using the panel data for 11 cities of Zhejiang province from 1994 to 2003,a spatial production function is applied to examine the spatial spillovers which can be generated as a positive output spillover from the transport infrastructure between neighboring cities.Some spatial weighted matrices are adopted to define different neighboring cities to measure how easily factors or economic activities can migrate between regions.The estimation results show that the output elasticity of the highway infrastructure in 11 cities are all insignificant at a 5% significance level;hence,highway infrastructure in a region cannot explain the same region's economic growth.On the other hand,the highway infrastructure of other contiguous regions has positive spillover effects on a same region's economic growth.

Low-carbon technology innovation responding to climate change from the perspective of spatial spillover effects

China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the2004-2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China's low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first,supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased.However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China's low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China's technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas.Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally.

Energy consumption,air quality,and air pollution spatial spillover effects:evidence from the Yangtze River Delta of China

Based on analysis of the theoretical impact of energy consumption on air quality,taking 20 heavily polluted cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China as the object,we construct a Spatial Dubin Model,and estimate the effect of energy consumption on air quality and the spatial spillover effects of air pollution.We come to the following conclusions:First,the regional air quality has significant spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity.Second,under three kinds of spatial associated mode,energy consumption has a negative impact on air quality,and the air pollution arising from energy consumption has a negative intra-regional spillover effect.The effect is strongest under the spatial distance weight matrix,followed by the economic distance,and the adjacent spatial weight matrix,which are−0.7926,−0.4547,and−0.4539,respectively.Third,in addition,under the adjacent space and economic distance space matrix,energy consumption has a significant negative effect on air quality,and the inter-regional spillover effects are−0.1513 and−2.5736,respectively.Meanwhile,considering spatial distance and economic development,the inter-regional spillover effect is much larger than is the intra-regional spillover effect.In general,the total spillover effect is at−0.6053 and−3.0284.

The Spatial Spillover Effect of Input and Output of Scientific Progress on Regional Economic Growth: The Case of Guangdong Province

This paper makes an empirical analysis of the spatial spillover effect of regional economic growth by using Moran’s I and Spatial Durbin Model to study the input and output of technological progress, with the panel data of 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2017. The empirical results show that the spatial autocorrelation exists in the economic development of Guangdong Province, and both the input and output of scientific research innovation have a significant positive effect on the regional economic growth. Under the spatial contiguity weights matrix, the output of scientific research and innovation has a more obvious spillover effect on the economic growth of neighboring cities than the input of scientific research and innovation.

Spatial Spillover Effects of the Impact of Agricultural Mechanization on Carbon Emission Intensity in Agriculture:An Empirical Study Based on the Panel Data of 282 Cities

The extreme weather caused by the global warming effect has triggered huge losses to agricultural production.A hot issue for governments and scholars is how to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in agriculture.The agricultural farming practices that are high pollution and high energy cosuming have exacerbated the vulnerability of regional agroecosystems.The sustainable development of agriculture is faced with the two dilemmas of a low utilization rate of green resources and the serious pollution of farmland.Further,environmental and ecological carrying capacities have reached theirlimits,seriouslyhinderingtthe high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture in China.Thus,based on the panel data of 282 cities,the Spatial Dubin Model(SDM)is employed to examine the impact of agricultural mechanization on carbon emission intensity in agriculture.It is found that from 1999 to 2019 carbon emission intensity in agriculture showed an overall downward trend;as of 2019,the agricultural field had completed the target of carbon emission reduction,,oneyear aheadof schedule.From a local perspective,approximately 14.89%6of fagricultural industries in prefecture-level city have still not achieved carbon emission reduction targets,and agricultural carbon emission reduction tasks were better completed in major grain-producing areas than in nonmajor grain-producing areas.Agricultural mechanization has significantly reduced carbonemission intensityyinlocal agriculture production.The impact of agricultural mechanizationoncarbon emission intensity in agriculture has not only a significant negative spatial spillover effect but also a significant effect on spatial carbon emission reduction.Compared with non-major ggrain-producingareas,agricultural mechanization plays a greater role in reducing spatial carbon emissions in major grain-producing areas.Further studies find that agricultural mechanization is conducive to overcome difficulties,such as instability of property rights and land fragmentation,and to achieve large-scale agricultural production,thereby reducing agricultural carbon emissions in nearby regions.However,the transfer of rurallabor,adjustments to the structure of agricultural cultivation,and the centralized use of rural land restrict the development of the crossregional service market for agricultural machinery,which in turn weaken its contribution to spatial carbon emission reduction.At the end of this paper,it is suggested that Chinese governments at all levels should introduce subsidy policies for the cross-regional operation of agricultural machinery to solve the problem of their service market failure.Efforts should be made to stimulate the market to develop more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural machinery products while strictly controlling changes in the use of arableland in non-grain-producing areas,which aims to serve further agricultural mechanization and boost the high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture.

Poverty reduction effects of integrating high-quality development and cultural tourism in China

The integration of the cultural tourism industry with high-quality development is believed to be an important method of alleviating poverty.Most research in this area has focused on single towns,cities,or regions without considering the spillover effects of neighboring areas.To fill this gap,this study applies a spatial panel econometric model to empirically test the spatial spillover effects of integrating the cultural tourism industry with high-quality developments and their mechanisms of poverty alleviation based on provincial panel data of the Chinese Mainland from 2010 to 2020.Four key results are presented.First,there is an obvious spatial dependence on the high-quality development scale,specialization level,and poverty level of cultural tourism integration.The common panel model is found to overestimate the impact of this integration on poverty alleviation because it ignores the spatial spillover-related explanatory variables.Second,the scale of development quality is found to have no significant impact on poverty alleviation when integrating cultural tourism;however,the level of development specialization has both a direct impact on poverty alleviation and the spatial spillover effect.Third,the integration of the cultural tourism industry in the Central and Western regions is shown to have a strong direct effect on poverty reduction through high-quality development.However,the spillover effect on poverty reduction in the Eastern region is greater than that in the Central and Western regions.Fourth,the integration of high-quality development and cultural tourism is found to have a direct impact on poverty alleviation overall by promoting tourism consumption,material capital accumulation,and structural transformation.

数字金融创新有助于促进实体经济高质量发展吗?——基于金融服务效率的机制分析与空间计量

中央金融工作会议强调,坚持把金融服务实体经济作为根本宗旨。数字金融作为数字技术与金融业态融合创新的产物,对提升金融服务效率,支持实体经济高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2011-2021年中国31个省级行政区的平衡面板数据,通过构建实体经济高质量发展指标体系和嵌套空间权重矩阵,运用空间计量模型、动态杜宾模型和中介效应检验方法,实证研究数字金融创新对实体经济高质量发展的直接影响、溢出效应和作用机制,得出:数字金融创新不仅能直接促进本地区实体经济的高质量发展,而且具有正向空间溢出效应,对邻近地区实体经济高质量发展呈现渐进、动态的长期影响。中介效应检验结果表明,提升金融服务效率是数字金融创新促进实体经济高质量发展的主要作用机制。在金融科技创新监管试点地区,数字金融创新对实体经济高质量发展的直接影响、溢出效应和中介效应均明显高于非试点地区。因此,要稳步推进金融科技创新监管试点,优化数字金融业态空间布局,畅通数字金融促进实体经济高质量发展的传导机制。

流通业集聚对农业韧性的影响

提升农业韧性是加快推进农业强国的重要内容。面对资源环境约束、人口红利衰减等诸多问题,深入分析流通业集聚对农业韧性的影响,有助于提升供应链效率,推进农业供给侧结构性改革,夯实国家粮食安全根基。以2008—2020年省级面板数据为样本,通过熵值法和区位熵测算农业韧性和流通业集聚程度,采用空间杜宾模型和门槛效应模型进行实证分析。研究发现,流通业集聚与农业韧性存在显著空间关联性,且具有空间集聚特征。流通业集聚对农业韧性存在空间溢出效应。在溢出效应下,流通业集聚不仅对本地区农业韧性存在促进作用,对周边地区也存在积极影响。受到流通业集聚程度影响,流通业集聚对农业韧性的影响在东部地区比较明显,中部地区次之,在西部地区不明显。流通业集聚对农业韧性的影响存在门槛效应,当流通业集聚程度低于门槛值0.803时,存在促进作用;当越过门槛值0.803时,促进作用显著提升。基于此,要进一步发挥流通业集聚效应,加快建设高效的农村现代流通体系,同时要促进地区间合作交流,加强农产品流通枢纽建设,继续为农业发展蓄势赋能。

数字金融、创业效应与实体经济高质量发展

基于2011—2021年中国省域面板数据,从五个维度对实体经济高质量发展指标体系进行构建,利用空间杜宾模型检验数字金融对实体经济高质量发展的影响。结果显示:第一,数字金融能显著促进实体经济高质量发展且存在正向空间溢出效应,发展数字金融对本省份和邻近省份实体经济高质量发展均有推动作用。第二,创业效应在数字金融助力实体经济高质量发展的过程中存在显著的传导作用,提升创业效应水平是数字金融赋能实体经济高质量发展的重要机制。第三,门槛模型检验发现,数字金融对实体经济高质量发展的积极影响呈现“边际效应递增”的非线性特点,且创业效应在其中发挥调节作用,能够增强数字金融对实体经济高质量发展的影响效果。据此提出全面建设中国数字金融体系,加强数字金融对企业创业创新活动的引导扶持,充分重视并利用数字金融的空间外溢效应,深度赋能实体经济高质量发展等政策建议。

农业社会化服务对农业碳排放的影响及其空间特征

农业碳排放是中国实现“双碳”目标和高质量发展的重要议题,农业社会化服务充当了衔接小农与现代农业的重要角色,能显著抑制农业碳排放的增加。本文以2007—2021年省级面板数据为基础,综合利用因子测算法、拉开档次法、双向固定效应模型、中介效应模型、空间计量分析等方法测算中国各省份(除中国香港、中国澳门、中国台湾外)农业碳排放和农业社会化服务水平,检验了农业社会化服务对农业碳排放的影响机制、影响路径、空间溢出效应和效应溢出范围。研究发现:1)从总体上来看,随时间推移各地区农业碳排放量整体呈先上升后下降的趋势,而农业社会化服务水平则逐年提高,并对农业碳排放表现出显著抑制作用,但这种作用存在显著的地区差异性,呈由东向西逐渐减弱的态势;2)在农业社会化服务抑制农业碳排放的不同路径中,农地流转和农业经营规模均能发挥部分中介效应,分别达到总效应的13%和18%;3)从空间效应上来看,邻近地区的农业社会化服务作用具有空间溢出效应,并显著地抑制本地农业碳排放,其空间溢出效应随经济距离的增加而增强,2 d以上经济距离的空间溢出效应可达全部溢出效应的26.2%。基于以上结果,地方政府应因地制宜建设农业社会化服务体系;适度提高农地流转,降低农业经营规模,完善土地全程托管服务;发挥地区产业优势,鼓励跨区农业社会化服务,加强地区间经济一体化合作,推动资源的跨区高效配置。

平台经济赋能实体经济发展——基于空间计量模型的实证

数字经济的发展、数字强国的建设离不开平台经济的蓬勃发展,平台经济作为数字经济时代的典型业态,将对实体经济发展产生深远的影响。文章从3个维度构建平台经济发展评价指标体系,使用熵值法计算各指标权重并测算出平台经济发展水平,选取2013—2021年我国31个省份的面板数据,通过构建空间杜宾模型来检验平台经济发展对实体经济的影响及空间效应。研究结果表明:平台经济发展能够促进实体经济发展,且存在显著的正向空间溢出效应。平台经济发展水平存在空间异质性,平台经济发展水平较低的地区对实体经济发展的间接促进作用更为明显。

数字经济赋能长三角制造业高质量发展——空间溢出与机制识别

基于2011—2021年长三角地区41个城市的面板数据,采用主成分分析法和空间杜宾模型等方法实证检验数字经济对长三角制造业高质量发展的赋能效应及多重路径的综合作用效果。结果表明:长三角地区数字经济不仅能显著赋能本地制造业高质量发展,还对邻近地区制造业高质量发展有显著的促进作用,空间溢出效应占比为79.4%;数字经济赋能制造业高质量发展主要依赖于人力资本和物质资本积累,且人力资本与物质资本呈协同效应,消费能力路径与人力资本、物质资本均呈背离效应。

数字技术创新、信息化水平和数字化平台发展——基于金融科技平台视角

金融科技平台是数字化平台的代表,也是推动数字经济发展的核心动力。把握数字技术创新对金融科技平台区域发展的非线性影响、空间溢出效应和影响的异质性是推动金融科技平台区域协调发展的关键。首先,基于企业发展维度、平台应用维度和公众需求维度构建金融科技平台区域发展指数;其次,运用空间杜宾计量模型和门槛模型分析数字技术创新对金融科技平台区域发展影响的门槛效应,探讨数字技术创新对金融科技平台区域发展的空间溢出效应;最后,研究数字技术创新对金融科技平台区域发展的影响是否存在空间异质性。研究表明:数字技术创新在促进金融科技平台区域发展时存在信息化水平的门槛效应。当信息化水平较低时,促进作用明显;当信息化水平较高时,促进作用减弱。数字技术创新对金融科技平台区域发展存在负向的空间溢出效应。数字技术创新对金融科技平台区域发展的影响具有空间异质性,其在欠发达区域的作用效果大于发达区域。

数字经济助推中国产业转型升级——基于创新要素配置的中介效应

数字经济作为构建现代化产业体系的重要引擎,为赋能产业转型升级提供核心驱动力。区别于以往研究多从宏观视角考察数字经济对产业转型升级的直接影响,在对产业转型升级和数字经济发展水平测度框架进一步拓展完善的基础上,从创新要素配置这一微观视角,对数字经济影响产业转型升级的直接、间接作用机制及空间溢出效应进行了实证检验。研究发现:数字经济发展对产业转型升级具有显著的直接效应;数字经济通过人力和资本创新要素配置的中介效应正向促进产业结构高级化和绿色化,反向抑制产业结构合理化,且更多依赖资本创新要素的配置来影响产业转型升级;数字经济发展对产业转型升级的影响均具有空间溢出效应,并存在区域异质性。

数字新基建、要素配置效率与中国式农业农村现代化

基于2012—2021年中国30个省份面板数据,实证检验数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化发展存在显著促进作用,且这一作用在东部地区、非粮食主产区和高科技投入地区更显著。机制分析发现,要素配置效率在数字新基建驱动中国式农业农村现代化过程中起到关键传导作用。门槛分析显示,在跨过数字新基建的单门槛和要素配置效率的双门槛后,数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的推动作用更显著。空间分析发现,数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的影响具有正向空间溢出效应。基于此,提出完善数字新基建布局、提高生产要素配置效率、实施区域特色发展战略的建议,以期为扎实推进中国式农业农村现代化发展提供参鉴。

新质生产力与制造业产业链供应链韧性:理论分析与实证检验

新质生产力能够实现技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级,为提升制造业产业链供应链韧性注入新动能.在构建城市层面新质生产力综合测度体系与制造业产业链供应链韧性指标基础上,使用2003-2020年154个地级市的平衡面板数据,实证分析新质生产力对制造业产业链供应链韧性的直接效应与空间溢出效应.研究发现:基准回归结果与异质性检验结果表明,新质生产力能够显著增强制造业产业链供应链韧性,这一结论在不同区域、不同产业结构合理化程度的地区中存在差异;空间计量回归结果表明,新质生产力不仅能够直接增强本地区制造业产业链供应链韧性,且会通过空间溢出效应对邻近地区制造业产业链供应链韧性产生正向影响;进一步分析结果表明,国内价值链的战略替代性能够正向调节新质生产力的制造业产业链供应链韧性提升效应.为制造业产业链供应链突破传统发展模式,提高自主可控能力提供有益参考.

电商政策的数字化效应:作用机制与双重溢出

迅猛发展的电子商务在数字经济催化下日益彰显出其对企业数字化转型的内生驱动力。以国家电子商务示范城市建设作为准自然实验,探讨国家电子商务示范城市试点政策对企业数字化转型的影响。研究表明:国家电子商务示范城市试点政策显著提高了企业数字化转型水平,该结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;试点政策对中小企业、产业链下游企业、市场潜能高和政府财政赤字低的城市中的企业影响更为明显。成本效应、供需匹配效应、生产性服务业集聚效应与政府注意力分配效应是关键的中间作用机制。试点政策带动了消费互联网的发展,并使其与工业互联网建设产生协同效应,推动企业数字化转型。进一步分析表明,试点政策在电子商务发展较弱的地区主要表现出辐射带动的空间溢出效应,并通过产业链溢出效应促进了上游企业的数字化转型。研究结论为进一步优化电商政策的制定、促进企业高质量发展提供了政策启示。

基于中国省级面板数据对数字乡村建设促进城乡共同富裕的研究

数字乡村建设是实现城乡共同富裕的重要实践路径。本研究基于2011—2020年我国31个省份的面板数据,构建数字乡村评价指标体系,实证探究了数字乡村建设对城乡共同富裕的影响。研究表明:(1)数字乡村建设有利于收敛城乡收入差距,进而促进共同富裕。(2)异质性结果表明数字乡村建设对东部地区的促进作用更强。(3)机制分析表明非农就业是数字乡村建设促进共同富裕的重要路径。(4)数字乡村建设水平对共同富裕的作用存在空间溢出效应。

农村数字化发展对农业全要素碳生产率的提升效应

为应对全球气候变化,数字化转型的绿色效益受到关注。农业作为国民经济的基础,亦是第二大温室气体排放源,如何借助数字化同时实现农业降碳和增产是中国实现“双碳”目标的关键问题。基于2011—2020年中国30省份面板数据,遵循“发展基础-发展动力-发展结果”的逻辑构建农村数字化综合指标,运用EBM-GML方法准确量化农业全要素碳生产率(ATFCP),采用历史农村公路密度和上一年农村互联网用户数作为工具变量,研究农村数字化和ATFCP之间的因果关系。研究发现:①农村数字化能够提升ATFCP,经过一系列稳健性检验和内生处理,这一结论仍然成立。②农村数字化通过促进技术创新、规模经营、结构升级、产业集聚和非农就业,进而实现对ATFCP的提升。③异质性分析结果表明,农村数字化对ATFCP的正向影响表现为边际递减,在绿色发展水平较高或较低地区均能发挥显著提升作用。此外,农村数字化存在金融门槛,在农村金融发展水平较高地区的提升作用更强,这是制约农村数字化促进ATFCP提升的主要原因。④空间计量分析结果表明,农村数字化和ATFCP之间存在显著的空间效应,短期和长期的间接影响均显著为正,农村数字化不仅能够提升本地的ATFCP,还能通过技术扩散正向影响邻近地区的ATFCP。基于此,要进一步强化农村数字化降碳增产的红利效应,通过加大资金投入,完善数字基础设施建设,推动要素流动和技术落地,提升农村数字化发展潜力;要实施动态化和差异化数字乡村发展战略,完善区域间合作机制,促进各地区之间数字经济的协调发展。