Bark extracts are sustainable sources of biopolymers and hold great promise for replacing fossil fuel-based polymers,for example,in wood-based composites.In addition to primary and secondary metabolites,tree bark also...Bark extracts are sustainable sources of biopolymers and hold great promise for replacing fossil fuel-based polymers,for example,in wood-based composites.In addition to primary and secondary metabolites,tree bark also contains suberin,which plays a major role in protecting the tree from environmental conditions.Suberin is a natural aliphatic-aromatic cross-linked polyester present in the cell walls of both normal and damaged external tissues,the main component of which are long-chain aliphatic acids.Its main role as a plant ingredient is to protect against microbiological factors and water loss.One of the most important suberin monomers are suberin fatty acids,known for their hydrophobic and barrier properties.Therefore,due to the diverse chemical composition of suberin,it is an attractive alternative to hydrocarbon-based materials.Although its potential is recognized,it is not widely used in biocomposites technology,including wood-based composites and the polymer industry.The article will discuss the current knowledge about the potential of suberin and its components in biocomposites technology,which will include surface finishes,composite adhesives and polymer blends.展开更多
Exploration of novel genetic resources against root-knot nematode(RKN)is necessary to strengthen the resistance breeding program in cultivated rice,and investigations on the role of genotype-specific root anatomy in c...Exploration of novel genetic resources against root-knot nematode(RKN)is necessary to strengthen the resistance breeding program in cultivated rice,and investigations on the role of genotype-specific root anatomy in conferring a structural barrier against nematode invasion are largely underexplored.Here,we reported a highly-resistant rice germplasm Phule Radha that conferred remarkably lower RKN parasitic fitness in terms of reduced penetration and delayed development and reproduction when compared with susceptible cultivar PB1121.Using histological and biochemical analyses,we demonstrated that an enhanced suberin deposition in the exodermal root tip tissue of Phule Radha compared to PB1121 can effectively form a penetrative barrier against RKN infection,and this preformed barrier in the control tissue did not necessarily alter to a greater extent when challenged with RKN stress.Using qRT-PCR analysis,we showed that a number of suberin biosynthesis genes were greatly expressed in the exodermis of Phule Radha compared to PB1121.In sum,the present study established the role of rice exodermal barrier system in defense against an important soil-borne pathogen.展开更多
Apart from its significance in the protection against stress conditions, the cuticular cover is essential for proper development of the diverse surface structures formed on aerial plant organs. This layer mainly consi...Apart from its significance in the protection against stress conditions, the cuticular cover is essential for proper development of the diverse surface structures formed on aerial plant organs. This layer mainly consists of a cutin matrix, embedded and overlaid with cuticular waxes, Following their biosynthesis in epidermal cells, cutin and waxes were suggested to be exported across the plasma membrane by ABCG-type transporters such as DSO/ABCG11 to the cell wall and further to extracellular matrix. Here, additional aspects of DSO/ABCG11 function were investigated, predomi- nantly in reproductive organs, which were not revealed in the previous reports. This was facilitated by the generation of a transgenic DSO/ABCG11 silenced line （dso-4） that displayed relatively subtle morphological and chemical phenotypes. These included altered petal and silique morphology, fusion of seeds, and changes in levels of cutin monomers in flowers and siliques. The dso-4 phenotypes corresponded to the strong DSO/ABCG11 gene expression in the embryo epidermis as well as in the endosperm tissues of the developing seeds. Moreover, the DSO/ABCG11 protein displayed polar localization in the embryo protoderm. Transcriptome analysis of the dso-4 mutant leaves and stems showed that reduced DSO/ABCG11 activity suppressed the expression of a large number of cuticle-associated genes, implying that export of cuticular lipids from the plasma membrane is a rate-limiting step in cuticle metabolism. Surprisingly, root suberin composition of dso-4 was altered, as well as root expression of two suberin biosynthetic genes. Taken together, this study provides new insights into cutin and suberin metabolism and their role in reproductive organs and roots development.展开更多
Background:Naturally-colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of coloration,UV protection,flame retardant,antibacterial activity and mildew resistance.But poor fiber quality a...Background:Naturally-colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of coloration,UV protection,flame retardant,antibacterial activity and mildew resistance.But poor fiber quality and limited color choices are two key issues that have restricted the cultivation of naturally-colored cotton.To identify the possible pathways participating in fiber pigmentation in naturally-colored cottons,five colored cotton accessions in three different color types(with green,brown and white fiber)were chosen for a comprehensive analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism during fiber development.Results:The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in brown cotton fibers were significantly higher than those in white and green cotton fibers.Total flavonoids and proanthocyanidin were higher in brown cotton fibers relative to those in white and green cotton fibers,which suggested that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway might not participate in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers.Further expression analysis indicated that the genes encoding enzymes for the synthesis of caffeic acid derivatives,lignin and lignan were activated in the developing fibers of the green cotton at 10 and 15 days post-anthesis.Conclusions:Our results strengthen the understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation in green and brown cotton fibers,and may improve the breeding of naturally-colored cottons.展开更多
基金funded under the ERANET Cofund Forest Value Program through Vinnova(Sweden)Valsts izglītības attīstības aģentūra(Latvia)+2 种基金Ministry of Education,Science and Sport(JIA)(Slovenia)Academy of Finland,The Research Council of Norway,and the National Science Centre,Poland(Agreement No.2021/03/Y/NZ9/00038)The Forest Value Program received funding from the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program of the European Union under Grant Agreement No.773324.
文摘Bark extracts are sustainable sources of biopolymers and hold great promise for replacing fossil fuel-based polymers,for example,in wood-based composites.In addition to primary and secondary metabolites,tree bark also contains suberin,which plays a major role in protecting the tree from environmental conditions.Suberin is a natural aliphatic-aromatic cross-linked polyester present in the cell walls of both normal and damaged external tissues,the main component of which are long-chain aliphatic acids.Its main role as a plant ingredient is to protect against microbiological factors and water loss.One of the most important suberin monomers are suberin fatty acids,known for their hydrophobic and barrier properties.Therefore,due to the diverse chemical composition of suberin,it is an attractive alternative to hydrocarbon-based materials.Although its potential is recognized,it is not widely used in biocomposites technology,including wood-based composites and the polymer industry.The article will discuss the current knowledge about the potential of suberin and its components in biocomposites technology,which will include surface finishes,composite adhesives and polymer blends.
基金supported by the grant from the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,India(Grant No.BT/PR18924/COE/34/48/2017).
文摘Exploration of novel genetic resources against root-knot nematode(RKN)is necessary to strengthen the resistance breeding program in cultivated rice,and investigations on the role of genotype-specific root anatomy in conferring a structural barrier against nematode invasion are largely underexplored.Here,we reported a highly-resistant rice germplasm Phule Radha that conferred remarkably lower RKN parasitic fitness in terms of reduced penetration and delayed development and reproduction when compared with susceptible cultivar PB1121.Using histological and biochemical analyses,we demonstrated that an enhanced suberin deposition in the exodermal root tip tissue of Phule Radha compared to PB1121 can effectively form a penetrative barrier against RKN infection,and this preformed barrier in the control tissue did not necessarily alter to a greater extent when challenged with RKN stress.Using qRT-PCR analysis,we showed that a number of suberin biosynthesis genes were greatly expressed in the exodermis of Phule Radha compared to PB1121.In sum,the present study established the role of rice exodermal barrier system in defense against an important soil-borne pathogen.
文摘Apart from its significance in the protection against stress conditions, the cuticular cover is essential for proper development of the diverse surface structures formed on aerial plant organs. This layer mainly consists of a cutin matrix, embedded and overlaid with cuticular waxes, Following their biosynthesis in epidermal cells, cutin and waxes were suggested to be exported across the plasma membrane by ABCG-type transporters such as DSO/ABCG11 to the cell wall and further to extracellular matrix. Here, additional aspects of DSO/ABCG11 function were investigated, predomi- nantly in reproductive organs, which were not revealed in the previous reports. This was facilitated by the generation of a transgenic DSO/ABCG11 silenced line （dso-4） that displayed relatively subtle morphological and chemical phenotypes. These included altered petal and silique morphology, fusion of seeds, and changes in levels of cutin monomers in flowers and siliques. The dso-4 phenotypes corresponded to the strong DSO/ABCG11 gene expression in the embryo epidermis as well as in the endosperm tissues of the developing seeds. Moreover, the DSO/ABCG11 protein displayed polar localization in the embryo protoderm. Transcriptome analysis of the dso-4 mutant leaves and stems showed that reduced DSO/ABCG11 activity suppressed the expression of a large number of cuticle-associated genes, implying that export of cuticular lipids from the plasma membrane is a rate-limiting step in cuticle metabolism. Surprisingly, root suberin composition of dso-4 was altered, as well as root expression of two suberin biosynthetic genes. Taken together, this study provides new insights into cutin and suberin metabolism and their role in reproductive organs and roots development.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471540)National Transgenic Plant Research of China(2016ZX08005–001)to Zhang XL+3 种基金This project was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662017JC030)Funding was also provided by Science and Technology Innovation Talent program(2020CB017)Scientific and Technological Breakthrough and Achievement Transformation Projects of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2016 AC027)Scientific Research Project of Shihezi(2016HZ09)to You CY.
文摘Background:Naturally-colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of coloration,UV protection,flame retardant,antibacterial activity and mildew resistance.But poor fiber quality and limited color choices are two key issues that have restricted the cultivation of naturally-colored cotton.To identify the possible pathways participating in fiber pigmentation in naturally-colored cottons,five colored cotton accessions in three different color types(with green,brown and white fiber)were chosen for a comprehensive analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism during fiber development.Results:The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in brown cotton fibers were significantly higher than those in white and green cotton fibers.Total flavonoids and proanthocyanidin were higher in brown cotton fibers relative to those in white and green cotton fibers,which suggested that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway might not participate in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers.Further expression analysis indicated that the genes encoding enzymes for the synthesis of caffeic acid derivatives,lignin and lignan were activated in the developing fibers of the green cotton at 10 and 15 days post-anthesis.Conclusions:Our results strengthen the understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation in green and brown cotton fibers,and may improve the breeding of naturally-colored cottons.
