Impact of social isolation on behavioral health in elderly: Systematic review

AIM: To examine and compare the effects of subjective and objective social isolation on behavioral health in elderly adults.METHODS: A systematic search of Pub Med was performed for original research articles from peerreviewed journals examining one of the following topics: "Social isolation and sleep disturbance", "social isolation and depression", or "social isolation and fatigue in older adults". Studies were selected following the criteria established based on the aim of this review. Data were extracted from the articles by two independent reviewers. Due to the heterogeneity in study designs and outcome measures of the included studies, qualitative and narrative analyses were conducted.RESULTS: The set criteria were used to select a total of 16 studies for the review. Of the 16, 13 were crosssectional studies. The characteristics of study populations were identified as follows. A total of 12 studies randomly selected subjects irrespective of pre-existing health conditions. Consequently, an unspecified number of the study subjects had chronic diseases in the studies compared. In addition, cultural and ethnic backgrounds of studies in this review were diverse, and included subjects living in North America, South America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Both subjective and objective types of social isolation increased behavioral symptoms, such as sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, and fatigue in older adults. Furthermore, a few recent studies reported stronger effects of subjective social isolation than objective social isolation on sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION: Social isolation affects behavioral health in older adults. Compared to the objective social isolation, subjective social isolation contributes more significantly to sleep disturbance and depression.

Literature Review on the Translator's Subjectivity

Translator’s subjectivity plays an important role in the whole translation process.With"the cultural turn"in translation studies in 1970s,scholars became concerned about the study of the translator’s subjectivity.Especially,in recent years,the research of the translator’s subjectivity has been one of hot areas in the circle of the domestic translation theories.This study is about to make an overview of the translator’s subjectivity,aiming at offering some guidance for further study of the translator’s subjectivity.

An Analysis of the Reflection of the Whole-process People’s Democracy in the Legislation of China

The legislation of China provides a glimpse of the active development of the whole-process people’s democracy in the country. The system of people’s congresses realizes the broad participation of the people in national and local legislation through various channels. It fully reflects the fundamental interests and common will of the great majority of the people. The democratic and professional combination of subjects for legislation with Chinese characteristics has, to a great extent, solved the contradictions and difficulties encountered in the legislation of countries with the representative system. The system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the CpC’s leadership realizes the promotion of democracy, the drawing on collective wisdom, the unifying of people’s thinking, and the building of consensus among the CpC, the democratic parties, and the general public in the process of legislation. Legislative planning is not only a result of scientific decision-making, but also one of the best democratic decision-making mechanisms proved by legislative practices. The openness, negotiation, and technical nature of legislative procedures in China are conducive to the realization of democratic management. China has established a relatively scientific, complete, and systematic constitutional filing and review system, which is also an embodiment of democratic supervision. In future legislation, China should continue to transform the values and concepts of democracy and human rights into more scientific and effective institutional arrangements and concrete and realistic democratic practices under the leadership of the CpC.

Progress in treatment of tumor suicide gene

Suicide gene therapy at present is an effective therapy for tumors.The pr esent paper introduces the latest advance s of suicide gene therapy in aspects o f work system,bystander effect,bisu icide gene and suicide gene combinin g other therapies etc.

A review of the methods used for subjective evaluation of De Qi

De Qi refers to a series of sensations experienced when acupuncture is performed at acupoints. De Qi comprises needling sensations felt by the patient, and the sensations perceived by the acupuncturist. Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine theory states that De Qi is closely related to curative effect.In modern studies, the main index that researchers have used to evaluate De Qi was the needling sensation reported by the patient. Between 1 st Aug and 31 st Oct 2014, we conducted an electronic database search of all fields in Chinese and English to select literature assessing acupuncture needle sensations. We then reviewed the methods used within these studies to evaluate De Qi. The methods included simple evaluation, and the use of a De Qi scale/questionnaire. The simple evaluation, a qualitative evaluation, was judged by typical sensations felt by the patient after needling at acupoints, such as soreness, numbness, fullness, and heaviness.This method was easy and practicable, and had been adopted widely by Chinese researchers. In contrast, the De Qi scale/questionnaire, a quantitative evaluation, had multiple compiling methods available for evaluating the intensity of De Qi. The standardization and objectification of the De Qi scale/questionnaire effectively improved the quality of studies on De Qi, thereby these scales/questionnaires have been acknowledged and applied by most researchers. The present review analyzed and compared the scales/questionnaires used to evaluate De Qi; furthermore, we provided suggestions for the development and improvement of these questionnaires through integration with classical De Qi theory.

去中心化药物临床试验伦理审查的实践探索

目的 探索去中心化药物临床试验伦理审查的流程与指南,推动临床试验进展,保证药物研发进程。方法 通过学习去中心化药物临床试验相关法律法规,分析去中心化药物临床试验的优势与挑战,结合所在机构伦理委员会审查去中心化药物临床试验的经验,总结伦理审查的要点。结果 相关法律法规是伦理审查遵循的基础,伦理委员会应根据法规和医院伦理标准操作规程采用适宜的审查方式,关注点应为去中心化药物临床试验开展的可行性、适用性、合理性,知情同意的充分性,受试者权益及隐私保护以及电子平台资质与标准操作规程。结论 去中心化药物临床试验处于起步阶段,亟须相关法律法规指南的指导,伦理审查也在摸索中不断规范,需监督各方责任落实情况,关注受试者权益,逐步推进去中心化药物临床试验开展。

老年人主观认知下降现状及其影响因素的研究进展

总结老年人主观认知下降现状,并从人口学、心理学、社会学、医学等方面综述其影响因素,提出相关促进建议,以期为制定最佳的护理干预措施提供参考,进而提升老年人认知功能,减缓其向轻度认知障碍及阿尔茨海默病进展。

Progress in the study of Yang-deficiency constitution in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine:a narrative review

The Yang-deficiency constitution has been a hot topic of interest in recent years.Important research progress has been made in quantitative diagnostic criteria and auxiliary identification technologies,modern biological interpretations of the constitution characteristics,the association between the Yang-deficiency constitution and diseases,as well as the mechanisms of regulating the constitution.Yet,there are still some deficiencies and limitations.Herein,we systematically reviewed the research progress on the Yang-deficiency constitution by searching articles published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database,Wanfang Database,PubMed,and Embase.The future development direction of the Yangdeficiency constitution should focus on developing objective constitution identification techniques,establishing animal models of Yang-deficiency constitution,conducting constitutional and diseaserelated research with a high level of evidence,combined with research on the full chain of the nine constitutions so as to obtain more scientific and objective conclusions.

A Critical Review of Chinese Theoretical Research on Moral Education Since 2000

Purpose:The purpose of this article is to summarize and reflect Chinese theoretical research on moral education in the context of globalization and value pluralism since 2000 and to propose possible directions for the future research.Design/Approach/Methods:The research methods in this article are primarily literature review.Those papers which met the following criteria were selected and included in this review:(1)Papers published from 2000 to 2014 were included if they were cited by at least one other published article and(2)papers published from 2015 to 2017 were included if they were presented in a core research journal.Based on that,speculative thinking and critical thinking are also embodied in this research.Findings:Based on the features of“a man of virtue,”the article identifies the four dimensions that have influenced Chinese thinking about moral education:(1)Kantian and Enlightenment philosophy,(2)emotion and life experience,(3)social rights,and(4)the culture-value dimension.The four dimensions ofmoral education theory are related and complement,rather than contradict,eachother.The author argues that the research scopes underlying current moral education theories are fairly narrow.Amore comprehensive,interdisciplinary approach is needed to improve theoretical research and to enhance the effectiveness of moral education practice in schools and universities.Originality/Value:The article provides a latest overview and critical insights to consolidate the foundation of moral education in an era of societal transformation by comparing moral education research between China and the West and proposing realizing a deep integration between theory and practice.

Clinical surgery-oriented subject librarian services in medical colleges and schools

Regarding subject librarian services for clinical studies, researchers outside China have been focusing on subject service performance,evidence-based medicine, and comprehensive consulting services. In contrast, Chinese researchers have concentrated on service systems and methods but have not established mature systems and methods for clinical surgery-oriented services. Therefore,subject librarians in medical schools should become involved in clinical research and expand their perspective on medical library research. In addition, they should collaborate with clinicians to improve the overall level of research in hospitals while increasing the impact of subject librarian services in medical colleges and schools.

行政规范性文件不适当备案审查标准之重述

行政规范性文件不适当备案审查标准源于《宪法》的规定,因此,它具有根本法的地位,直接约束行政规范性文件备案审查权。《立法法》《监督法》等法律、法规以及地方立法之间对不适当审查标准进行具体化规定的内容不尽一致,影响了行政规范性文件备案审查标准的统一性与实效性,对此,应当适时启动修法程序解决。全国人大常委会的《备案审查工作办法》《备案审查决定》从合宪性审查、政治性审查和明显不当三个方面发展了《宪法》规定的不适当备案审查标准,对不适当标准具有重述性意义,旨在满足行政规范性文件的品质符合法治国家、法治政府和法治社会建设的要求。

以“合宪性、涉宪性”为方法——从“连坐规定案”审查意见的方法逻辑切入

《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于完善和加强备案审查制度的决定》第5条规定了涉宪性审查、合宪性审查的双审原理结构:一是通过涉宪性审查穷尽法律问题,通常情形下,合法性审查已实现有效审查,作为重要备位机制的合宪性审查不再启动;例外情形下,穷尽法律问题仍未能实现有效审查,则进而展开合宪性审查。二是通过合宪性审查援引宪法依据,当明确条款并依序援引,禁止向抽象的法规范逃逸。其中,在基本权利审查场域,具体的基本权利规范优先援引,进而依需要辅助援引或单独援引“概括性人权条款”。据此方法规范,“连坐规定案”审查意见在对“连”与“坐”涉宪性审查后,关于“连”的合宪性审查继续展开,所诉诸的“宪法第二章关于‘公民的基本权利和义务’规定的原则和精神”,包括优先援引的第38条人的尊严条款、第33条第2款平等权条款以及补强援引的第33条第3款“概括性人权条款”。

老年主观认知下降/轻度认知障碍病人身体活动促进的研究进展

对目前国内外老年主观认知下降/轻度认知障碍病人身体活动促进现状进行综述,提出目前我国缺少高质量的针对老年轻度认知障碍或主观认知下降病人身体活动的干预研究和针对性指南以及提高该群体的身体活动促进策略,提示未来应进行高质量的老年轻度认知障碍或主观认知下降病人身体活动的干预研究,从而为本土政策的制定提供可信的理论基础。

论我国对法律的合宪性审查

长期以来,受观念、制度、程序等因素影响,对法律进行合宪性审查的制度推进较为缓慢。在党的二十大报告正式提出“健全保证宪法全面实施的制度体系”的背景下,落实对法律的合宪性审查,从学理上还是实践中对于完善我国的宪法监督制度都具有重大的意义。要依托法律草案合宪性说明制度,强化对法律草案的合宪性审查工作,还要根据我国宪法监督体制对法律实施阶段的合宪性审查设计科学、合理、可行的机制和程序,构建从事前到事后的全过程的合宪性审查环节,实现对法律是否合宪的有效监督。对法律的合宪性审查有利于保障宪法权威和法治统一,推进宪法全面实施,加快建设社会主义法治国家。

高铁开通对普铁站周边企业污染物排放的影响:事实与解析

本文以二氧化硫(SO2)作为污染物代表,采用双重差分的方法探究高速铁路(高铁)的开通对普速铁路(普铁)车站周边企业污染物排放的影响。研究表明:高铁开通能够推动普铁站周边企业减少污染物排放,经过一系列稳健性检验后,该结论依然成立。具体而言,高铁开通引发的“客货分线”效应改变了普铁站周边企业的生产过程,这些企业会通过减少工业锅炉使用数量、降低工业锅炉燃料消耗、提高污染处理能效、提升技术水平的手段逐步减少污染物排放。

宪法的“天衣”在于实施:基于“五四宪法”的宪法监督之“缝”的思考

“五四宪法”的“天衣”之“缝”,典型地体现在其确立了中国宪法监督制度,却落下宪法监督主体虚设、宪法解释缺位、改变或者撤销机制错位的规范之“缝”。“八二宪法”,通过增设全国人大常委会作为宪法监督机关、明确宪法解释权、备案审查等依托机制建章立制等方面,在规范层面的“天衣”补“缝”,也形成了中国宪法监督的“宪法监督—宪法解释—撤销”三元规范结构。循此结构,新时代以来,补强宪法监督机关、落实宪法解释机制、加强和完善备案审查制度,三线接续并进,在全面贯彻实施宪法中编制宪法“天衣”的“无缝码”。如是梳理,以宪法监督为例,在宪法发展的阶段接续中,在规范和实践的螺旋互动中,呈现出中国自主的宪法学知识体系的“五四宪法”之维。

评论文本内容语义特征对负面评论有用性的影响——基于产品类型和商家回复类型的调节作用

由于网络购物过程中存在各种不确定性因素,负面评论及其有用性日益成为学术界和业界共同关注的问题。为探究在线评论中文本内容的语义特征对负面评论有用性的影响,以及不同产品类型和商家回复对影响程度的调节作用,抓取了京东商城29333条有效产品评论数据,利用负二项回归分析检验了评论文本内容语义特征对负面评论有用性的影响。研究结果表明:评论主观程度和负面情感强度对负面评论有用性有着显著负向影响;与体验型产品相比,评论主观程度以及负面情感强度在搜索型产品中对负面评论有用性的抑制作用更显著;相较于适应型回复,含有防御型回复的评论主观程度对负面评论有用性的抑制作用则会被削弱。

主观认知下降人群运动干预研究进展

主观认知下降(SCD)是指个体自身感知到的记忆和/或其他认知水平比之前有了降低,但是客观上的检测结果还没有达到轻度认知损害(MCI)的程度。本文对SCD人群的运动干预作用机制、组织形式、运动类型、强度、运动时间、运动频率和运动效果等方面进行综述,分析现状和不足之处,以期为失智症的预防提供参考和建议。

学科评估对高校人才培养方向的优化问题

第五轮一级学科整体水平评估提出建立以“立德树人”效果为导向,把人才培养质量作为学科评估的首要指标。文章提出以思政教育、培养过程、在校生培养质量和毕业生发展质量作为重要考核指标,并分析了这些指标对高校人才培养工作的重要作用,进而指出人才培养需要加强科学研究、学术交流、管理制度、经费支持的条件保障,并提出高校应在为社会培养优秀人才的同时,更好地发挥“以评促建”的重要作用。

基于对同情用药认知现状的调研探索在我国开展同情用药研究的思考

目的:根据中美同情用药经验,调研临床试验从业人员的认知和理解现状,对细化和完善我国同情用药制度体系提出建议,从而更好地满足患者的临床需求。方法:使用自愿抽样、方便抽样等非概率抽样方法,基于现有中美同情用药经验,就同情用药的适用条件、申请和审查主体、患者安全管理、审批流程等方面,对临床试验从业人员的认知和理解进行问卷调查。结果:共收集740份有效问卷。调研结果显示,我国临床试验从业人员对我国同情用药的认知程度有待提高。相关企业和机构人员对我国同情用药的认知与理解存在共性和差异。共性主要体现在对同情用药适用人群、“是否可以向药品监管部门提出同情用药申请”的审查主体、严重不良事件报告义务的承担方、同情用药开展地点以及收费问题的认知等方面。差异主要体现在同情用药的药品条件、申请主体、同情用药期间发生不良事件的补偿或赔偿承担方、美国食品药品监督管理局针对紧急情况下单个患者协议和非紧急情况下中等规模患者同情用药的审批流程等方面。结论:现阶段,我国临床试验从业人员对同情用药的了解不足。不同角色的临床试验从业人员对我国同情用药的药品条件、申请和审查主体、患者安全管理以及审批流程等方面的理解差异较大。因此,鼓励加强同情用药相关政策宣传工作,引导更多满足条件的企业开展同情用药计划,让更多潜在患者获益,同时建议针对理解差异较大的内容进一步明确、细化和完善。