Salient Object Detection Based on a Novel Combination Framework Using the Perceptual Matching and Subjective-Objective Mapping Technologies

The integrity and fineness characterization of non-connected regions and contours is a major challenge for existing salient object detection.The key to address is how to make full use of the subjective and objective structural information obtained in different steps.Therefore,by simulating the human visual mechanism,this paper proposes a novel multi-decoder matching correction network and subjective structural loss.Specifically,the loss pays different attentions to the foreground,boundary,and background of ground truth map in a top-down structure.And the perceived saliency is mapped to the corresponding objective structure of the prediction map,which is extracted in a bottom-up manner.Thus,multi-level salient features can be effectively detected with the loss as constraint.And then,through the mapping of improved binary cross entropy loss,the differences between salient regions and objects are checked to pay attention to the error prone region to achieve excellent error sensitivity.Finally,through tracking the identifying feature horizontally and vertically,the subjective and objective interaction is maximized.Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that compared with 12 state-of-the-art methods,the algorithm has higher recall and precision,less error and strong robustness and generalization ability,and can predict complete and refined saliency maps.

20世纪90年代以来世界能源安全时空格局演化过程（英文）

In this study, we developed an energy security evaluation model(ESEM) from three dimensions, energy supply-transport security, safety of energy utilization, and stability of political-socioeconomic environment, based on the integrated application of subjective and objective weight allocation technique. Then the spatial-temporal evolution of global energy security pattern and its driving mechanism was analyzed with the method above, and the results are shown as follows:(1) since the 1990 s, the spatial patterns of global energy security have shown a deteriorating trend, with the growth of countries in at-risk type and relatively at-risk type.(2) The spatial distribution of countries with secure energy system shows a strong stability, and these countries are concentrated persistently in Western Europe and North America. The spatial evolution of countries with relatively secure energy system also presents a strong stability, which are mainly distributed in the periphery of the secure ones, namely Central and Southern Europe, South America and Eurasia, while countries with general energy system are mainly distributed in Asia, Africa and Southern Europe, and the spatial-temporal evolution of this type is the main cause for the deterioration of world energy security pattern. Countries with at-risk and relatively at-risk energy system are mainly concentrated in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eurasia, rendering spatial extension to the east and south.(3) In the past 20 years, the mechanism for world’s energy security pattern formation gradually transforms from the ‘unitary dimension dominated’ to the ‘binary dimension-dominated’, and the main factors influencing the global energy security pattern become more diverse.(4) In the pattern of world’s energy security, China’s performance on energy security has been the global average since the 1990 s, which shows a decreasing trend in safety of energy utilization dimension. Findings in this study can provide a reference for the government in terms of formulating strategic responses and policy options.