Impact of human settlements quality on urban vitality based on multisource data:A case study of Shahekou District,Dalian,China

Urban geography has always been concerned about the influence of human settlements on urban vitality,but few studies reveal the influence of human settlements on urban vitality at a micro-scale.This paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of human settlements’quality and urban vitality at the micro-scale using Geodetectors and geographic weighted regression to analyze the relationship between human settlements and urban vitality.The results are shown as follows:there is still a significant development space for human settlements quality in Shahekou District,with obvious spatial dependence characteristics and significant gaps between various systems;the urban vitality of Shahekou District has obvious timeliness,and the urban vitality undergoes significant changes over time,which is related to the human settlements quality.The spatial distribution presents a single core spatial distribution structure with strong relative stability.The spatial distribution of cold and hot spots shows a pattern of“high in the north and low in the south,high in the east and low in the west”,with an increasing trend from southwest to northeast;the reachability of public transport has a significant impact on urban vitality.Its synergy with other variables is the leading force forming the spatial distribution of urban vitality.The environmental system,support system and social system are the significant factors affecting the urban vitality of Shahekou District.

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENT——Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as An Examples

Lanzhou Valley Basin is composed of two smaller diamond-shaped basins striking from NW to SE and including 6 river terraces. The lower terraces remaining even and smooth are main sites for city buildings. The main function of Lanzhou urban settlement is a ferry and transport centre. Lanzhou used to be an im-portant crossing site and post on the 'silk road',and then became a transport and trade centre in Northwest China. In the middle part of the 17th century, Lanzhou became the capital of Gansu,a new province. The development process of Lanzhou urban settlement indicates that urban settlement is a system consisting of natural environment and human society based on the former.

The Research on Determinants of Moving Labors’ Settlement in Urban Area

Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the migration of moving labor and the explanation of becoming permanent urban residents,this research takes migration mode(migration) as the dependent variable,sex(sex) ,age(age) ,monthly income(income) ,education degree(edu) ,working experiences(exp) ,social relation(relation) ,and social security(security) as the independent variables.According to the investigation of China Agricultural University in the year 2009,Logistic Binary Choice Model is used to construct the corresponding econometric model and to measure the effects of influencing factors on the selection of migration mode.Result shows that education degree,personal ability,social relation,and social security are the major influencing factors determining the peasant households becoming permanent urban residents;and human capital and social security construction are of great significance to the improvement of farmers’ income and life quality.

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Public Service Facilities in Shenzhen during Inventory Development Stage:An Empirical Analysis of Futian District

As the material carrier of social service industry,public service facilities are important indicators to measure human settlement.With the continuous deepening of inventory development practice,urban renewal has gradually become one of the sources of supply of public service facilities.Focusing on the urban renewal activities of Futian District,Shenzhen from 2010 to 2016,the study conducts an empirical study on the pattern of public service facility networks before and after urban renewal through social network analysis.The fi ndings show that:①on the whole,the public service system in Futian District has been effectively improved during urban renewal development;②the impact of urban renewal on public service system is characterized by differentiation,among which industrial and commercial facilities have been signifi cantly improved,while educational and medical facilities have been hardly improved;③urban renewal has a clear policy orientation as an institutional means,and promoting economic restructuring and industrial reorganization is still the primary purpose of urban renewal during inventory development stage.

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for "Village-in-City"

The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.

权力、资本和地方:传统村落人居环境有机更新的机制与路径研究

传统村落人居环境有机更新是增进村民福祉、延续传统文化的重要抓手,是实现乡村振兴战略和共同富裕目标的路径选择之一。基于有机更新理论,采用“权力—资本—地方”三元辩证视角分析,构建了“搭建有机更新共同体的网络体系—形成多元主体协同共建的互动机制—提出有机更新共同体的行动路径”的分析框架,以湖南省岳阳县张谷英村为例,对张谷英村人居环境有机更新进行机制探索和路径选择。研究发现:1)传统村落人居环境有机更新是指政府、企业和村民三大更新主体,为实现有机秩序修复和传统功能转型两大更新目标,通过精准判定、精准修复和精准施策的更新方式提供多元保障的过程。2)张谷英村人居环境更新经过4个阶段的实践演进,最终在多元主体协同共建模式下成功搭建有机更新共同体网络体系。张谷英村政府强化权力规制机制、企业落实资本投入机制、村民践行地方参与机制,共同构成了张谷英村“构建有机更新网络、培育有机更新信任和形成有机更新规范”的三维互动机制。3)基于三维互动机制,针对张谷英村管理失衡、收益失策和权益失位的现实阻滞,提出了规划制定和监管强化、责任共担和收益共享、意识强化和行为规范的行动路径。研究从多元主体视角对传统村落人居环境有机更新研究进行补充,对张谷英村的保护和发展具有一定的实践指导意义。

人居环境视野下城市更新片区开发模式探究

城市更新片区开发是我国目前城市化进程转型的重要举措。研究从人居环境的理论层面出发,思考了城市更新片区开发的相关因素,分析了片区开发规划设计的“点、线、面”的具体操作,探讨了其运作模式及城市更新政策层面的一些具体模式,进而结合我院承揽的西安灞桥区及河北沧州城市更新项目,对城市更新片区开发模式进行了相关研究,对TOD模式、POR公共资源导向型模式、产城融合型模式以及旅游资源型模式进行总结,对同类项目有一定借鉴意义。

New-Type Urbanization and the Development of the Sciences of Human Settlements in China

As urbanization is an evolutionary process of the open giant system of complex spaces,solutions should be sought based on the scientifi c method of "limited solutions to complex problems." Firstly,as people are the core of human settlements,urbanization should show its care for humans and thus for human settlements; secondly,a human settlement civilization should be cultivated on the basis of ecological civilization; thirdly,rural development should be promoted in units of county,in order to coordinate the urban-rural development; fourthly,it should encourage the decision-makers and think tanks to improve the management mechanism. As transformation becomes the general trend of this era,we need also to understand the Sciences of Human Settlements from the perspective of scientifi c transformation,which is expected to break new grounds in the Sciences of Human Settlements.

中国西部旅游城镇化与人居环境的时空耦合协调性及驱动力

本文在构建旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调理论框架的基础上,运用耦合协调模型、空间引力模型、地理探测器等方法,实证分析2005-2019年中国西部旅游城镇化与人居环境的时空耦合协调性及驱动力。结果表明:①旅游城镇化与人居环境综合指数均值呈上升态势,旅游城镇化发展水平增速快于人居环境,但人居环境指数整体高于旅游城镇化。②旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调度的中级协调区域居多,2017年以后演变为高级协调,耦合协调类型逐渐由旅游产业滞后型向同步发展型转变。③旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调度空间趋势极不均衡,空间联系强度呈现出以宁夏–陕西–重庆–贵州为主轴的链状式空间关联格局。④耦合协调度差异是不同驱动因素共同作用的结果,国际旅游收入是主导性驱动,人均社会固定资产投资是根本性驱动,A级景区数量是原生性驱动,其中国际旅游收入与A级景区的交互影响作用解释力最强。

Urban Village Renovation Planning from the Perspective of Human Settlements Theory:A Case Study on Wuhan

Based on the analysis on the characteristics of human settlement of urban villages in Wuhan,the paper examines the special urban social functions of urban villages during their self-evolution process.The totally market-led mode of urban village renovation has neglected existing positive social effects and failed to provide fair development opportunities for disadvantaged groups,and it will hinder the construction of a diversified and vigorous urban socio-ecological environment.In view of the situation,the paper suggests that in order to meet the urban socio-spatial demands during the specific period of social transition,measures should be adopted to re-examine and adjust the strategies and planning techniques concerning market-led urban village renovation with the improvement of sustainable human settlement as the goal.

天山北坡城市群人居环境适宜性评价

基于人居环境自然和人文综合要素,构建了人居环境综合适宜性指数(HSCI),以天山北坡城市群为研究区,分析其2022年的空间分异规律。结果表明:(1)天山北坡城市群自然环境的空间适宜性受地形起伏度和温湿指数影响显著,整体为一般适宜区集中连片分布、高度适宜区零星分布在天山北坡山麓地带的绿洲。其中胡杨河市和乌鲁木齐县的自然环境适宜性最好;(2)人文环境的空间适宜性受夜间灯光指数和基础服务指数的影响较大,整体形成以乌鲁木齐市和石河子市为中心的“双核”空间特征,并有向周围递减的趋势;(3)天山北坡城市群人居环境综合适宜性指数最好的地方人口分布最多,充分体现了乌鲁木齐市作为区域极核的地位;(4)人居环境适宜性指数与天山北坡城市群的人口、经济和土地匹配程度不足。高质量和较高质量区土地面积仅占总量的2.62%,经济则占总量的54.69%,人口高达总量的59.06%。说明天山北坡城市群地区人口与经济在适宜性方面具有高度匹配性,但人居适宜性指数较高的土地存在过度集中和利用的情况。

城镇开发边界划定智慧技术集成研究——基于人居环境科学视角

城镇开发边界是空间增长底线的管控工具,与人类活动和人居环境建设密切相关。科学划定城镇开发边界需要人居环境科学和智慧技术有机结合。现有对城镇开发边界划定技术背后的理论支撑研究不足,对人居环境全系统尤其是人的因素关注不够,同时各类技术探索相对碎片化,缺乏对边界划定全流程技术的整合与集成应用。本文以人居环境科学为理论内核,从人的需求、人居环境的系统性和复杂性出发,提出系统耦合“双评价”、系统动力学模型、城镇开发潜力评价模型及多情景地理模拟等关键技术的城镇开发边界划定的智慧技术集成框架,科学支撑城镇发展需求预测、国土空间格局研判和城镇用地布局调控,为城镇开发边界划定和国土空间格局优化提供有益借鉴。

局地气候分区视角下城市气候与人居环境研究进展

城市气候与人居环境交互影响。局地气候分区(Local Climate Zone, LCZ)推动了城市形态刻画与气候演变规律探索,为城市气候与人居环境研究提供了统一框架。学术界对其研究大多聚焦在城市热环境和气候风险方面,正在向多要素气候模拟和考虑社会经济因素方向发展。审查了主题、方法和主要结论,发现“局地气候分区”、“城市热岛”、“地表温度”、“管理”和“社区”出现频率最高。采用文献计量和专题分析方法,梳理并总结了2012—2023年6月LCZ城市气候与人居环境研究在LCZ制图、相互作用和适应性策略三方面的进展,并展望了未来的研究重点。结果表明,(1)全球已在超过280座城市开展了LCZ研究,LCZ全球数据集的推广扩大了研究尺度且丰富了研究内容;(2)大多研究分析了风热环境为主的气候要素在局地尺度上的时空特征,探讨产生异质性的原因及其对人居环境的作用机理,揭示了城市蓝绿空间对于优化冷却效果、防范和治理热源等缓解性策略的重要性。其中自2018年起LCZ热环境研究向多元化发展,研究区域开始出现大都市圈或城市群;(3) LCZ能够辅助识别人居环境中高度暴露和脆弱的地区,近年来的研究趋向于在气候/生态风险评估中寻找适应性策略,且更加关注易感人群和低收入者。综述将有利于LCZ框架下城市气候与人居环境研究现状和发展趋势的宏观把握,为后续研究提供思路。

“双碳”背景下的城市地下空间光热环境的节能设计研究进展与展望

城市地下空间节能设计作为实现“双碳”目标的重要途径,其光热环境的调控受到学者们的广泛关注。目前已证实地下空间的光热环境具有巨大的节能潜力,但光热环境与节能设计之间的影响关系和结合途径尚未厘清。研究通过界定以人为本、取于自然、建筑节能等关键问题,深入解析城市地下空间设计对空间光热环境及能源消耗的影响,确定建筑节能的上下限,并提出地下空间光热环境节能的设计流程链,以期解决地下空间光热环境能耗高、碳排高的问题,为城市地下空间的能源使用效率与人居环境质量的提高提供参考。

城市居民日常活动与环境供需匹配特征及影响关系研究

城市居民日常活动与环境供需关系与城市生活品质息息相关。在新旧供需矛盾交织叠加,城市治理新理念、技术迅速发展的背景下,其匹配特征及影响关系需要并可以进一步理清。借鉴时空间行为及流空间理论搭建日常活动与环境供需理论框架及指标体系,并依托地理大数据支撑,基于ANP-CV主客观赋权法、随机森林非线性回归模型等技术手段,以南京市中心城区为例进行实证分析。研究发现,日常活动与环境供需匹配关系呈现以“中心—外围”为主,“圈层递变”为辅的复合型空间结构,极化特征较显著。日常活动与环境供需相互影响作用表现为不对称、不持续的非线性特征。具体地,日常活动更受活动环境塑造,又以支撑生计和多元包容的社会环境起主要作用,同时供需之间往往不具有持续的相互促进作用。因此,应促进日常活动与环境供需双向良性互动,提高供需网络要素集聚与扩散效益,根据日常活动与环境供需演进的阶段性,灵活选择多样路径,以促进供需关系的高质量可持续发展。

Uncertainty evaluation of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy in Changsha city

The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quanti- tative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment.

URBAN PLANNING:A TOOL FOR URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN SUDAN

In the past few dacades, urbanization and urban growth have been increasing rapidly in many of the developing countries. It is expected that over 50% of the world population will live in cities in 2005. The growing trend indicates that as many as one fifth of all households still remain with housing tenure problems, which they try to solve through very expensive rentals, insecurity, socially and environmentally-hazardous squatting or unhealthy overcrowding, sometimes ending up with none at all. And hence, proper planning is necessary in urban development policies to improve human settlement managements in a sustainable way. This article has tried to handle urban poverty in the Sudan to a reasonable level of detail. It dealt with selected areas with regard to promotion of sustainable human settlement. The study managed to identity some recent progress in Sudanese human settlements, that is, however, still accompanied by numerous serious instances of decline in the urban environment, especially that of the greater Khartoum.Such instances of environmental deterioration are profiled and analyzed by the study with respect to all human settlement aspects of management, land-use, infrastructure, energy and transport. The paper's conclusion emphasized that improving all these aspects is of high priority.

Issues and policies on China's sustainable human settlement

It is one of the major tasks to achieve sustainable human settlement for China's socioeconomic development within the coming century The sustainable development of human settlements is closely related to the development of the economy, the utilization of natural resources and environmental protection As a developing country China is facing a series of issues to achieve the sustainable human settlement, which should be rationally laid out with comprehensive facilities convenient for working and living, and which have clean, quiet and comfortable environments The policy of reform and opening to the outside world have accelerated national social and economic development and promoted urban development in China The rural population is continuously flowing into the cities and towns in increasing numbers Therefore, it is necessary not only to continue to improve the housing standards for the current urban population, but also to meet the needs of the newcomers The movement of great numbers of people and the increased circulation off goods and materials, combined with an increase in the number of motor vehicles, has meant that traffic problems are becoming a major issue in the development of human settlements The infrastructure is under pressures from the growth in urban population and from rising production and living standards The shortage of natural resources is another challenge to be faced in developing human settlements in China A low technological level and the improper use of resources has aggravated the severity of the problem In cities, the amount of land currently being used for industrial purposes is relatively high as compared with other land uses Approximately 70 percent of industries are located in the cities and in many areas, factories and housing are intermixed, a major factor affecting the environment of urban residential areas The taking up of arable land by the village and township enterprises is another serious problem Settlements in towns and villages are also under the threat from various types of environmental pollution This paper is trying to summarise and identify the major issues, to promote the possible polices and strategies, and to argue the requirements and activities of sciences and technology for achieving China's sustainable human settlement

The grey-green divide:multi-temporal analysis of greenness across 10,000 urban centres derived from the Global Human Settlement Layer(GHSL)

The presence of green spaces within city centres has been recognized as a valuable component of the city landscape.Vegetation provides a variety of benefits including energy saving,improved air quality,reduced noise pollution,decreased ambient temperature and psychological restoration.Evidence also shows that the amount of vegetation,known as‘greenness’,in densely populated areas,can also be an indicator of the relative wealth of a neighbourhood.The‘grey-green divide’,the contrast between built-up areas with a dominant grey colour and green spaces,is taken as a proxy indicator of sustainable management of cities and planning of urban growth.Consistent and continuous assessment of greenness in cities is therefore essential for monitoring progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11.The availability of multi-temporal greenness information from Landsat data archives together with data derived from the city centres database of the Global Human Settlement Layer(GHSL)initiative,offers a unique perspective to quantify and analyse changes in greenness across 10,323 urban centres all around the globe.In this research,we assess differences between greenness within and outside the built-up area for all the urban centres described by the city centres database of the GHSL.We also analyse changes in the amount of green space over time considering changes in the built-up areas in the periods 1990,2000 and 2014.The results show an overall trend of increased greenness between 1990 and 2014 in most cities.The effect of greening is observed also for most of the 32 world megacities.We conclude that using simple yet effective approaches exploiting open and free global data it is possible to provide quantitative information on the greenness of cities and its changes over time.This information is of direct interest for urban planners and decision-makers to mitigate urban related environmental and social impacts.

实施城市更新行动营造高品质空间

面对日益复杂的城市问题,城市亟需加速转变发展方式与理念。实施城市更新行动,把城市作为一个有机生命体,以实现自我健康更新与可持续发展为目标,营造高品质空间,提升人居环境质量。立足当前国家城镇化发展新阶段与城市空间面临的现实困境,指出城市更新是时代发展的必然要求,并通过政策解读、理论剖析,提出了以城市更新行动为总纲,营造高品质空间。通过聚焦城镇老旧小区、历史文化空间、公共空间、老工业区等四类重点空间,结合实践案例提出高品质空间的营造路径与具体策略。