Effects of welding wire composition and welding process on the weld metal toughness of submerged arc welded pipeline steel

The effects of alloying elements in welding wires and submerged arc welding process on the microstructures and low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals have been investigated. The results indicate that the optimal contents of alloying elements in welding wires can improve the low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals because the proeutectoid ferrite and bainite formations can be suppressed, and the fraction of acicular ferrite increases. However, the contents of alloying elements need to vary along with the welding heat input. With the increase in welding heat input, the contents of alloying elements in welding wires need to be increased accordingly. The microstructures mainly consisting of acicular ferrite can be obtained in weld metals after four-wire submerged arc welding using the wires with a low carbon content and appropriate contents of Mn, Mo, Ti-B, Cu, Ni, and RE, resulting in the high low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals.

Arc characteristics of submerged arc welding with stainless steel wire

The arc characteristics of submerged arc welding （SAW） with stainless steel wire were studied by using Analysator Hannover （AH）. The tests were carded out under the same preset arc voltage combined with different welding currents. By comparing the probability density distribution （PDD） curves of arc voltage and welding current, the changes were analyzed, the metal transfer mode in SAW was deduced, and the characteristics of a stable arc were summarized. The analysis results show that, with an increase of welding parameters, the short-circuiting peak in the PDD curves of arc voltage decreases gradually until it disappears, and the dominant metal transfer mode changes from flux-wall guided transfer to projected transfer and then to streaming transfer. Moreover, when the PDD curves of arc voltage are both unimodal and generally symmetrical, the greater the peak probability and the smaller the peak span, the more stable the arc becomes.

Research on submerged arc welding wire for X100 pipeline steel

According to the study of the microstructure and properties of X100 pipeline steel, the welding consumable-wire based on Mn-Ni-Mo-B-Ti alloy system was successfully designed and developed. The yield strength of the deposited metal of the developed welding wire was 695 MPa, the tensile strength was 810 MPa, and Charpy impact energy was 92 J at negative 20 ℃ when matching with BSG-SJ101H1 sintered flux. The results of the weldability test for X100 pipeline steel which adopting this developed wire showed that the tensile strength of the weld was 827 MPa, 185 J of Charpy impact energy（ -10 ℃ ） , 97% of section of shear and the weld had good strength and toughness matching when the welding speed got to 1.7 m/min. The microstructure and fracture appearance of the weld were analyzed by using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and laser confocal microscope, the results indicated that the microstructure was mainly granular bainite in the weld metal, and the fracture was dimple with 200 - 300 μm depth presenting a typical ductile fracture characteristics. The test of welding wire with different content of Ni and Cr element indicated that Ni was better than Cr in improving the strength and toughness of weld metal.

Inclusion behavior and microstructure of weld metal with Ce in twin wire high heat input submerged-arc welding

In this study,the welding thermal cycle curve exhibited two temperature peaks in high heat-input twin-wire separate-pool submerged-arc welding and coarse-grained heat affected zone existed in the welded joint. The inclusions of primary weld metal and coarse-grained heat affected zone of Ce-added SAW should be Al_2O_3,MnO,SiO_2,TiO,Ce_2S_3,CeS,Ce_2O_2S and Ce_2O_3. Under the effect of welding thermal cycle,oxy-sulfides inclusions of Ce,the diameter of which was less than 2. 0 μm,slightly grew larger,but the composition and type of the inclusions didn't change. The microstructure of the large heat input weld metal had acicular ferrite that Ce oxide sulphide particles induced nucleation and proeutectoid ferrite. In the coarse-grained heat affected zone of weld metal,home-position precipitation of acicular ferrite and sympathetic acicular ferrite were both observed. It was supposed that previous crystal cells of acicular ferrite in austenite grain promoted home-position precipitation of acicular ferrite. Meanwhile,sympathetic acicular ferrite tended to nucleate at the primary acicular ferrite grain boundaries,where high dislocation density was located,and grew inside the neighboring carbon-depleted austenitic regions. The granular bainite nucleated in the austenitic zone with high carbon content close to acicular ferrite and sympathetic acicular ferrite.

Prediction of cooling time t8/5 in twin wire submerged arc welding of intermediate thickness plate

Twin wire submerged arc welding （SAW） is widely used in oil or gas line pipe fabrication because of its high productivity. To investigate the strength and toughness of the heat-affected zone （HAZ） in twin wire SAW, the cooling time t8/5 of the coarse grained zone must be studied. The authors presented a method of predicting the cooling time in twin wire SAW of intermediate thickness plate. Based on Rosenthal analytical solutions, an energy factor was introduced to describe the energy contribution of the two wires, equations of thermal cycle and cooling time in twin wire SAW of both thick, and thin, plates were developed. Weighting factors determined by actual thickness and critical thickness were adopted to represent the thermal cycle and cooling time of intermediate thickness plate through linear interpolation with thick, and thin, plate solutions. The predicted cooling time for an intermediate thickness plate was verified experimentally, and the predicted results agreed therewith.

Research and engineering application of the arc welding pulsed controller technology

The tenacity of heat-affected zone （HAZ） will decline and the size of grains will increase, because of the overheating on HAZ when submerged are welding （SAW） is ased to thick plate with high heat input. The shaping will worsen when SAW is used to thin plate with high current at high speed. A new SAW technology, the pulsed direct current （DC） automatic SAW, will be put forward in this paper in order to overcome the above shortcomings. And a pulsed controller with micro-controller unit （MCU） as the core, nixie tube （NT） and keyboard as the man-machine conversation interface is developed. The main functions of the pulsed controller include the output of pulsed welding current and the working with twinwire. The research has widely prospects in application with significant meanings in theory and practical engineering.

压力容器用埋弧焊丝钢H10Mn2-A盘条冶炼及轧制实践

根据客户特殊需求开发了压力容器用埋弧焊丝钢H10Mn2-A盘条,为了保证低倍组织质量,通过LF精炼进行窄成分和气体含量控制,连铸全程保护浇注,过热度≤30℃,拉速2.2 m/min。为了获得优良的成品力学性能,采用控轧控冷工艺,开轧温度1000±20℃,吐丝温度890±10℃,辊道速度15 m/min。经客户试用,H10Mn2-A盘条强度适中、塑性好,易拉拔,冲击韧性良好,满足压力容器用焊丝的拉拔和焊接性能要求。

双丝埋弧自动焊技术在辽宁清原抽水蓄能电站压力钢管环缝焊接中的应用

抽水蓄能是技术较成熟、经济性较优、具备大规模开发条件的电力系统,具有绿色低碳、清洁灵活的电力系统调节电源。抽水蓄能电站不仅具有比常规水电站更高的内水压力,而且其工况转换会带来频繁的水锤作用。因此,抽水蓄能电站输水系统压力钢管的钢材,须采用具有良好的可焊性、低温稳定性、塑性和抗冲击韧性的低合金钢和高强调质钢。焊接工序是压力钢管制造、安装生产中的一道关键工序,需要充分考虑降低焊接成本,加快焊接速度,提升焊接质量,以此来满足在抽水蓄能电站建设过程对于技术方面高效优质的要求。随着科学技术的飞速发展,焊接技术也在与时俱进,埋弧焊接技术已从单丝发展到双丝和多丝。结合双丝埋弧焊接的原理、特点,立足辽宁清原抽水蓄能电站2.8万t压力钢管制造过程,对双丝埋弧自动焊接技术在压力钢管环缝焊接中的应用进行分析总结,以供参考。

LNG储罐用高锰低温钢埋弧焊焊接材料及工艺研究

研制出适用于LNG储罐用高锰低温钢配套的埋弧焊丝和焊剂。采用C-Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo合金体系设计,形成的焊缝金属中Mn含量为22.5%~25.5%,焊缝金属抗拉强度和-196℃低温冲击等力学性能优良,与奥氏体高锰低温钢匹配性良好。通过分析道间温度和热输入对熔敷金属力学性能的影响,结果表明,在焊接奥氏体高锰低温钢时,须控制好道间温度和采用较小的热输入,确保焊缝金属具有优良的综合力学性能。

碎焊丝+摆动埋弧焊接技术研究及PCTC船的应用

介绍了大间隙坡口碎焊丝+摆动埋弧焊的焊接方法在PCTC船甲板搭载焊接中的工艺技术研究及应用。通过对碎焊丝+摆动埋弧焊的碎焊丝铺设厚度、装配大间隙进行打底封焊和盖面的焊接工艺进行试验及研究,从工艺性能及力学性能方面进行探讨。结果表明,在采用合理的焊接工艺条件下,此工艺的焊接性能良好,焊接接头力学性能等亦能满足船级规范要求。与传统FCAW+SAW的焊接方法进行对比可知,此工艺的整体焊接效率提高了55%,且焊接质量稳定。

海上风机基础用S355NL直缝焊管双丝埋弧焊工艺设计

S355NL细晶粒结构钢以其优异的性能在海上风电、石油平台、焊接钢管等方面得到广泛应用。为进一步提高焊接钢管的生产效率,获得性能优良的海上风机基础用钢管焊接接头,开展S355NL直缝焊管的焊接工艺研究。采用双丝埋弧焊方式,选用低镍合金焊材,不仅能够细化焊缝组织晶粒,同时降低淬硬倾向,提高S355NL直缝焊管焊缝的低温冲击韧性。在焊接过程中采用多层多道焊接,控制热输入≤5.0 kJ/mm,减少熔合区和热影响区在高温区域停留时间,保证熔合线和热影响区冲击性能。试验结果表明,该工艺所制试板及成品焊管各项力学性能试验合格,能够满足-40℃夏比冲击试验要求。生产应用表明,该焊接工艺制定及焊材选配正确恰当,能够提高焊接生产效率。

高强高韧性管线钢埋弧用焊丝的研制

研制的高强高韧性管线钢用埋弧焊丝与SJ10 1和SJ10 2焊剂匹配后的熔敷金属不仅具有很高的强度 (σs≥ 5 4 0MPa) ,而且还具有优良的低温韧性 (AKv - 1 0℃ ≥ 12 0J)。该焊丝的研制满足了屈服强度超过 5 0 0MPa以上管线钢对焊缝熔敷金属性能的要求。研究结果表明 ,要保证熔敷金属具有较佳的强韧性匹配 ,熔敷金属中的合金元素总量必须满足Ceq≥ 0 .38,Pcm≥ 0 .17,才能保证熔敷金属的强度 ,以及具有以针状铁素体为主焊缝组织 ;在文中的合金系统下 ,随着熔敷金属中C、Mn元素含量的增加 ,熔敷金属的针状铁素体组织的含量增加 ,韧性得到提高。随着焊剂碱度值的增加 ,熔敷金属中的氧含量降低 ,C、Mn元素增加 ,使得熔敷金属中的合金元素更趋向于最佳的配比 ,从而提高了韧性。

高铬铸铁耐磨堆焊埋弧药芯焊丝研究

采用自动埋弧堆焊对高铬铸铁埋弧药芯焊丝堆焊合金的组织及耐磨性进行试验,研究Cr/C对堆焊层的组织和耐磨性的影响。研究发现,Cr/C增加,初生碳化物形状越来越规则,初生碳化物的杆状纤维增长,增加堆焊层的韧性。初生碳化物微区Cr含量增加,增加初生碳化物显微硬度。Cr/C与初生碳化物面积分数对耐磨性的影响比较明显,其中初生碳化物面积分数与耐磨性呈线性关系。高铬铸铁堆焊层的耐磨性受到基体组织影响较大,由奥氏体及其分解产物构成的混合基体的堆焊层耐磨性最大。文中所研究的41#、43#、45#焊丝其堆焊层的耐磨性非常好,相对Q235钢的耐磨性分别为β41=27.1716、β43=18.6305和β45=19.7949。文中进一步探讨了耐磨堆焊层磨损过程中的孔洞效应及裂纹扩张效应。

我国高性能管线钢埋弧焊焊丝的研究进展

简述了我国输油气管线钢的生产和应用,介绍了管线钢制管用埋弧焊焊丝研制工作,包括X60～X80级别管线钢的H08C、H08D、H05M、H03M系列埋弧焊丝的设计思想、成分设计及性能特点。还指出了X100级别高性能管线钢制管用焊丝的发展方向。

高效埋弧焊技术的发展及应用

埋弧焊具有熔敷率高、焊接质量好等优点,是当今焊接生产中普遍使用的熔焊方法之一。介绍了多丝埋弧焊、带极埋弧焊、添加合金粉末埋弧焊、窄间隙埋弧焊、冷丝和热丝填丝埋弧焊等多种高效埋弧焊方法,并就各自的工艺特点、国内的应用情况进行了分析与总结。

双丝埋弧焊的应用及发展

对单双丝埋弧焊焊接工艺和接头性能进行了对比分析,阐述了双丝埋弧焊替代单丝埋弧焊的可行性。论述了双丝埋弧焊的工艺技术及发展状况,提出了双丝埋弧焊的高效性为其快速发展提供了广泛空间。最后点明了双丝埋弧焊现如今存在的问题和未来的发展方向。

桥梁钢Q370q双丝埋弧焊研究

以新型桥梁钢Q370q为研究对象,采用埋弧焊丝H10Mn2、CJQ-4分别进行双丝埋弧焊接试验,同时采用埋弧焊丝H10Mn2进行单丝埋弧焊接试验,通过对焊丝H10Mn2的双丝、单丝埋弧焊焊接接头以及焊丝H10Mn2、CJQ-4的双丝埋弧焊接接头进行对比研究,对每种接头在化学成分、微观组织、力学性能等方面的差异进行了理论分析。结果表明,双丝埋弧焊接桥梁钢Q370q在选择埋弧焊丝CJQ-4时,力学性能满足相关技术标准要求,焊接质量良好。

管线钢大电流双面高速埋弧焊接用焊丝研制

介绍了石油、天然气输送管线用埋弧焊丝的特征及高韧性焊丝成分设计原则。分别采用 92kg高频感应炉实验室冶炼 ,5 0 0kg中频感应炉半工业性冶炼和 30 0t顶吹氧气转炉工业化大生产冶炼 ,进行焊丝研制。对所研制的焊丝配合烧结焊剂SJ10 1,进行了无坡口双面埋弧焊试验 ,测试了焊缝成分、冲击韧度、金相组织、硬度和接头抗拉强度。用扫描电镜分析了冲击断口形貌及夹杂物组成 ,透射电镜分析了焊缝金属的微观结构 ,俄歇试验分析了B、Ti、N在焊缝中的分布。结果表明 ,B在原奥氏体晶界偏聚 ,可抑制先共析铁素体在晶界析出 ,弥散分布的细小夹杂物有助于针状铁素体的生成 ,配合降低S、P、气体元素和杂质含量 ,可使焊缝金属具有高的韧性。焊缝硬度在HV185～HV2 14之间 ,与母材平均硬度HV190为同一水平。

缆式焊丝埋弧焊残余应力有限元分析

采用直径为2.4 mm的7根分焊丝,其中一根分焊丝(称为中心丝)位于中间,其余6根分焊丝(称为外围丝)围绕中心丝绞合组成直径为7.2 mm的缆式焊丝.试验用22 mm厚DH36船用钢板进行平对接缆式焊丝埋弧焊,采用小孔法对焊接接头进行残余应力测试;基于热弹塑性理论,建立缆式焊丝埋弧焊残余应力有限元数值分析模型,利用ANSYS软件对缆式焊丝埋弧焊残余应力进行模拟计算.结果表明,缆式焊丝埋弧焊的应力分布特征和幅值与单丝埋弧焊相近,纵向应力在焊缝及近缝区表现为拉应力,应力峰值为363 MPa;横向应力较小,焊缝上下部位呈现拉应力,中间呈现压应力.

X100管线钢双丝埋弧焊接头微观组织与力学性能

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸及冲击材料试验机等对X100钢级管线钢组织与力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,X100钢级管线钢焊缝区组织主要为针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体,热影响区组织有多边形铁素体存在,且晶粒粗大,发生了软化和脆化.焊接接头最高抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达805 MPa,10.7%.接头的冲击吸收功(-10℃)大于110 J;剪切面积百分比(-10℃)平均值达到85%,呈现为韧性断裂.硬度测试结果显示,热影响区硬度外焊高于内焊.