Comprehensive Evaluation on Drought Tolerance of Widely-used Rice Varieties with Subordinate Function Method

Using drought-tolerant cultivar IAPAR 9 （upland rice from Brazil） and drought-sensitive varieties IR64 as the controls, the drought tolerances of total 26 rice varieties widely used in production were evaluated with subordinate function method based on morphological, physiological and yield traits. The results showed that the trait values of grain yield per plant （GYP）, effective panicles per plant （EPP）, seed-setting rate （SSR）, panicle length （PL）, leaf relative water content （RWC） and chlorophyll content （SPAD） in all tested varieties decreased significantly under the conditions of drought stress. The subordinate function values of these traits of all tested rice varieties were thus calculated varieties. Based on the aver- age subordinate function values of all these traits, total 7 （i.e. Y Liangyou 1） and 3 （i.e. Liangyou Peijiu） rice varieties were identified as drought-tolerant and drought- sensitive varieties, respectively.

Principal-subordinate hierarchical multi-objective programming model of initial water rights allocation

The principal-subordinate hierarchical multi-objective programming model of initial water rights allocation was developed based on the principle of coordinated and sustainable development of different regions and water sectors within a basin. With the precondition of strictly controlling maximum emissions rights, initial water rights were allocated between the first and the second levels of the hierarchy in order to promote fair and coordinated development across different regions of the basin and coordinated and efficient water use across different water sectors, realize the maximum comprehensive benefits to the basin, promote the unity of quantity and quality of initial water rights allocation, and eliminate water conflict across different regions and water sectors. According to interactive decision-making theory, a principal-subordinate hierarchical interactive iterative algorithm based on the satisfaction degree was developed and used to solve the initial water rights allocation model. A case study verified the validity of the model.

Assessment of Stress on Serum Estradiol and Cortisol Levels in Female Subordinate Naked Mole Rats Following Isolation from Natal Colony

This study investigated the effects of isolation of subordinate naked mole rats from natal colonies on their reproductive success. Naked mole rat is one of the known mammals that exhibit eusociality. It has been noted that naked mole rats have their reproduction restricted to one queen and less than three males;the rest of the animals within the colony remain sterile. The study aimed at establishing whether the reproductive suppression in subordinate naked mole rats is the outcome of social stress exerted by breeding female in the colony or other unknown environmental factors within the colony set-up. Experimental period was 20 weeks and it involved two stages, acclimatization and isolation. Before acclimation, 2 female subordinate naked mole rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and appropriately preserved for later analysis. On the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks of acclimatization, 2 female mole rats were sacrificed at each stage and blood samples were harvested for analysis. On week 7, eighteen subordinate females were isolated and randomly assigned into two groups of 9 animals each in two separate cages for 14 weeks. One week 8, 2 subordinate females from each group were randomly selected, sacrificed and blood samples collected for analysis. The same procedure was repeated on week 12 and 20 of study. Hormonal analysis was done using ELISA technique. The Statistical analysis done using student t-test at 95% confidence level and significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results showed increase in cortisol levels only in singly isolated females which were the greatest on week 8 (from 35.5 ng/ml to 123.4 ng/ml). Mean estradiol in singly isolated females was 18 ± 2.52 pg/ml while females paired with males had 19.0 ± 3.0 pg/ml hence no significant difference (paired t = -1.73, P = 0.23). Conclusively, the observed reproductive suppression among subordinate naked mole rats in natal colonies is probably due to presence of queen or other reproductive aspects that may not be directly related to stress.

A Corpus-based Approach to English Subordinate Clause Identification

The complex sentence structure of English is a bottleneck to our practical machine translation system. The simplification of English subordinate clauses will greatly relieves the burden of parsing and other grammatical or semantic analysis of a complex sentence, thus improves the output quality of the MT system. But there have not any satisfactory research achievements reported in this field up to now as we know. In this paper, author’s work on a corpus-based approach to English subordinate clause identification is reported. The approach integrates rule-based and statistical methods to get the left and right boundaries of the subordinate clauses. The Penn Treebank corpus is used as the training standard. The precision and recall ratios of subordinate clause identification are tested on both closed and open corpora. A result of 92.9% precision and 91.26% recall is obtained for the closed test and the open test result is 80.34% precision and 83.93% recall. This algorithm has been integrated into our machine translation system. The method can also be applied to processing of any other language.

Order of Precedence Between Local Laws of Cities with Subordinate Districts and Regulations of Provincial Governments Clarifying Premises for Discussion Based on the Characteristics of Laws

The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(Legislation Law) has led to two divergent views. One holds that "the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence over the regulations of provincial governments," while the other supports the exact opposite. This is a value judgment issue in legislation. To reach a solution, we need to clarify the premises based on the characteristics of the laws in question so that a basic common ground can be established for discussion. The first premise for traditional legislation is that a law should be based on experience as well as logic; the second is that the experience of authority subjects, plus the three aspects of logic should outweigh the experience of social subjects, plus the three aspects of logic. With respect to postmodern legislation, the first premise is that experience should override logic, and the second is that the experience of the authority subject should take precedence over that of social subject, with no requirements for logical consistency. Since Legislation Law fal s into the category of postmodern legislation, according to the premises, the argument that the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence enjoys wider acceptance, but the view is logically challenged in terms of conceptual consistency, system consistency and principle consistency. More studies must be conducted to facilitate the discussion.

A Study of the Methods of Teaching Students Subordinate Clause

This essay shows the importance of using Communicative Teaching Method to teach Chinese students Subordinate Clause by comparing two different teaching methods (Grammatical Translation Teaching Method and Communicative Teaching Method).It is obvious that Communicative Teaching Method plays an important role in improving their ability of communicating with others in English.Moreover,the application of Communicative Teaching Methods in teaching Subordinate Clause to Chinese students lets students master the grammar point through practising related sentences,which will make them understand the grammar knowledge thoroughly.

Assessment on IT-based Technical Innovation of the Subordinate Company of the Corporation

Information technology （IT） is one of the most important means by which companies can win an advantaged position in drastically competed market. It has a positive effect on the advancement of the corporation＇s technical innovation. The application of IT can promote the communication among subordinates of a corporation or group, reduce explicit boundaries of the subordinates, and boost the ripple effect of technical innovation of the subordinates. Not only does any subordinate company within a corporation need to assess both technical and economic benefits brought to the corporation itself by technical innovation, but also it should thoroughly analyze how the ripple effect of technical innovation among subordinate companies plays a significant role in the boosting value of the corporation as a whole. In this paper, a scientific approach to assessing technical innovation of a subordinate company is proposed through analyzing the ripple effect of IT-based technical innovation on subordinate companies.

上下级工作与私人关系对员工越轨创新行为的差异性研究

在整合人情-面子理论和资源保存理论的基础上,通过Bootstrapping和RWA-Web两种方法对7家企业的257份多时点追踪调查数据进行分析,比较领导-成员交换关系和上下级私人关系影响员工越轨创新行为的直接效应和中介效应的差异。研究结果表明:领导-成员交换关系正向影响员工越轨创新行为;心理资本分别在领导-成员交换关系或上下级私人关系与员工越轨创新行为间发挥部分或完全中介作用;两类关系对员工越轨创新行为的积极影响存在差异,领导-成员交换关系的效应更强。

20个青贮玉米品种在陇东南地区的生产性能和营养价值评价

为筛选出适合陇东南地区(甘肃天水)种植的优质高产青贮玉米(Zea mays)品种,本研究以20个青贮玉米品种为材料,测定并分析了各品种农艺性状、生物产量、营养物质含量及产量,并采用隶属函数法进行了综合评价。结果表明:粗蛋白含量与绿叶数、果穗数、有效果穗数、果穗长、鲜果穗重和黄叶数显著相关(P<0.05);酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量与株高、穗位高、全株叶片数和黄叶数极显著相关(P<0.01);淀粉含量与穗位高、全株叶片数、单株鲜重和株高显著相关(P<0.05)。本研究中鲜草产量达到60 t·hm^(-2)以上的品种有5个,干物质产量达到15 t·hm^(-2)以上的品种有6个,‘先玉1620’的总可消化营养物产量最高。综合评价得出,在本试验条件下,青贮综合生产性能高的品种为‘先玉1620’‘文玉3号’和‘科大101’,可以大面积在陇东南地区作为全株青贮玉米品种推广种植。

新时代全面从严治党视域下高校二级单位纪委建设探究

通过分析新时代高校全面从严治党面临的新形势新任务,阐述高校管党治党的目标任务、实践要求和表现形式,开启高校党建工作新常态。解析新时代加强高校二级单位纪委建设的价值意蕴,解码高校二级单位纪委建设的主要依据、客观要求和实际需求,为加强高校二级单位纪委建设提供思想源泉和实践力量。新时代纪检监察工作规范化法治化正规化程度不断加强,推进高校二级单位纪委高质量发展,提出聚焦健全工作体系、把准工作重点、建强工作队伍等对策与建议,以促进高校二级单位纪委建设提质增效。

劳动关系从属性理论的历史演进与现实反思--兼论“不完全劳动关系”

从属性是解读劳动关系的一把钥匙,在各类劳动关系认定理论中获得了最广泛的认可。从历史的角度考证,源于启蒙时代个人主义思潮的从属性催生了劳动法,使之从行会规则中独立出来,进入国家干预的领域,同时赋予了劳动法“人法”的属性,从而脱离民法交换给付的维度,形成了一个以关注主体特征和组织特征为视角的全新的法律领域;从现实的角度观察,我国劳动法学界在全面接受了劳动关系从属性理论之后,正在有意识地构建中国自主的劳动法知识体系。在法律规范的层面上,我国目前虽然没有明确从属性的类型、权重和要素等相关内容,但是在法律实践的层面上,已经确定了“从属性+要素”的劳动关系认定思路,并开始反哺劳动法教义学体系的构建。“不完全劳动关系”系我国为应对平台用工进行的一项政策性司法创设,劳动关系从属性提供了充分且必要的理论支撑。从逻辑上推理,不完全劳动关系与劳动关系、民事劳务关系遵循一致的从属性考量标准,因此能够构成一类独立的法律关系。

When的多种译法

when通常用来引导时间状语，译作“当……的时候”。但它还有其他含义，如表条件、因果、让步等等，亦可用作副词、代词或名词等特殊的作用，本文从这些用法的表意作用探究when的多种译法。

不完全劳动关系法律属性及制度构建探究

梳理学界及相关政策文件对不完全劳动关系的定义与解释,将劳动从属性与新就业形态劳动者特征以及外包用工模式相结合,总结出不完全劳动关系的本质是新就业形态下特有的具备弱人格从属性、经济从属性、组织从属性的新型用工关系。当前,该领域研究存在两大问题:一是不完全劳动关系的法律属性及地位不清晰;二是不完全劳动关系的制度构建方案不明确。参考“类雇员”制度及多要素权衡规则,在劳动三分体系基础之上提出三项建议:一是将不完全劳动关系纳入未来《劳动法典》中专门规制;二是引入考察要素制定不完全劳动关系认定标准;三是将不完全劳动关系劳动者权利划分为基础权利和特有权利。

自然低温下二十二个蝴蝶兰品种的抗寒性评价

以引进的22个蝴蝶兰品种为试材,采用主成分分析法、隶属函数分析法和聚类分析法,研究了不同蝴蝶兰在自然低温胁迫后相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、可溶性糖(SS)、脯氨酸(Pro)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)等9个抗寒性生理指标的变化,以期为蝴蝶兰抗寒种质挖掘及抗寒性评价提供参考依据。结果表明:22个蝴蝶兰品种中丙二醛、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶等8个指标差异显著。主成分分析发现,前4个主成分的累积贡献率为73.706%,解释了大部分抗寒性指标的信息。以综合抗寒能力D值进行聚类分析可将22个蝴蝶兰品种划分成5类,其中抗寒性最强的品种是‘版纳’‘罗氏’‘西蕾丽’,抗寒性最差的是‘蓝星’‘紫钻’‘香妃’。

网络平台不作为的刑事归责:理据、路径及限度

网络平台能够精确匹配供需,迅速提高社会资源的配置效率,对我国社会经济的发展作出了重要贡献。但一系列案件显示,网络平台不作为与重大法益侵害之间具有因果关系。不能以“中立帮助行为论”否定网络平台不作为的刑事不法性。具有作为义务是平台成立不作为犯的前提条件,作为义务在实质上来源于行为人对“结果发生原因的支配”。网络平台作为义务的内容在相关法律法规中已有明确体现,但形式上的义务必须接受实质义务论的检验。对于网络平台的故意不作为,存在正犯与共犯两种归责路径,正犯归责的法律门槛较高,在绝大多数情况下都应从共犯角度考察其刑事责任。帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪并非立法上对帮助行为的正犯化,按照该罪对网络平台不作为进行定性仍然是对共犯归责路径的延续。具有间接帮助性质的平台不作为也应被纳入刑法的打击范围。网络平台的过失不作为不可能成立刑事犯罪。

破产止息规则之反思与重构

利息是资金使用的对价,债务人对资金的使用不因陷入破产而停止,破产受理后利息仍然产生。破产程序不改变实体权利的核心内容,因而破产受理后利息仍然存在,只是不能作为普通破产债权获得清偿。担保责任从属于实体债权,而实体债权不因破产债权的申报与确定而被削减。同时,由担保人承担破产申请受理后的利息,与当事人的合理预期一致,是对担保制度利益和社会经济利益的维护。因此,《民法典担保解释》第22条关于担保人不承担破产受理后利息之规定缺乏法理基础,且有突破《民法典》规定、超越司法解释权限之嫌,应予以纠正。《企业破产法》应摒弃破产止息规则而设立劣后债权制度,将破产受理后的利息纳入劣后债权之中,并规定利息的计算方式、实质合并破产时利息的计算时间等规则。

外源钙对甘草生长及生理特性的影响

【目的】为揭示宁夏中部干旱带甘草优质高产栽培过程中甘草对不同钙浓度的适应机制,探究了外源钙对甘草生长及生理生化特性的影响。【方法】以乌拉尔甘草为试验材料,设置0(CK)、5(G_(1))、10(G_(2))、15(G_(3))、20 mmol/L(G_(4))5个钙浓度,分析比较了不同浓度外源钙处理下甘草生长、光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的变化,同时采用主成分分析和隶属函数法综合评价出适宜甘草生长的外源钙施用浓度。【结果】随着钙浓度的增加,甘草主根长、主根直径、单根鲜质量呈先增加后下降的趋势,且不同处理之间差异不显著;甘草叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性整体呈现先升后降的趋势,钙浓度为10 mmol/L时,Tr、Pn、Gs、SOD活性、CAT活性均达到峰值,且Pn、Gs显著高于对照(P<0.05)。MDA含量随着钙浓度的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,各浓度处理间差异显著(P<0.05),钙浓度为10mmol/L时的MDA含量最低。综合评价结果表明,钙浓度为10mmol/L时,隶属函数值的均值最大,为0.739。【结论】施用外源钙有利于改善甘草的生理生化特性,促进生长发育;10mmol/L钙浓度是甘草生长的最佳施用量,可为干旱地区甘草的栽培模式提供理论依据。

“假设-条件”从属连词的出现顺序及其规律试探

形合复句专用标记的出现遵循一定的顺序和规律。本文主要探讨“假设-条件”从属连词在历时发展过程中的五种蕴含关系:1)条件连词⊃假设连词;2)反事实假设连词⊃一般假设连词;3)极低概率假设连词⊃一般假设连词;4)必要条件/排除条件/无条件连词⊃充分条件连词;5)纵予连词⊃假设连词。文章认为上述蕴含关系均反映了同一个演变规律:认知复杂的“假设-条件”标记⊃认知简单的“假设-条件”标记。

不同山葡萄品种CO_(2)响应模型拟合及评价

为探索不同山葡萄品种叶片CO_(2)响应特征差异,以5 a生山葡萄‘北冰红’‘北国红’‘双红’和‘雪兰红’为试材,采用Li-6400便携式光合仪,测定果实膨大期山葡萄叶片光合-二氧化碳响应曲线(photosynthetic CO_(2)response curve,P_(n)-C_(i))以及胞间CO_(2)浓度(intercellular CO_(2)concentration,C_i)、气孔导度(stomatal conductance,G_s)、水分利用率(water use efficiency,WUE)和蒸腾速率(transpiration rate,T_r)等气体交换参数,基于直角双曲线模型、Michaelis-Menten模型和直角双曲线修正模型3种模型拟合山葡萄叶片P_(n)-C_(i)响应曲线。结果表明,直角双曲线修正模型拟合的山葡萄P_(n)-C_(i)响应曲线,其拟合参数与实测值最为接近,可直接计算CO_(2)饱和点(CO_(2)saturation point,CSP)。随大气CO_(2)浓度(atmospheric CO_(2)concentration,C_a)的增加,4个山葡萄品种C_i呈线性递增趋势;G_s和T_r总体呈先升后降趋势;WUE先降后升,呈“U”型变化趋势。主成分分析提取出2个主成分,累计贡献率达84.613%。综合评价‘雪兰红’得分最高,光能转化利用率最高,在低C_a环境下的适应性最佳;‘双红’在不同C_a水平下均可保持较高光合效率,排名第2。综上所述,直角双曲线修正模型拟合山葡萄叶片P_(n)-C_(i)响应曲线效果最优。

汉语复句的分类问题

汉语复句的分类是汉语语法研究中的基本问题,也是难点问题之一。根据复句小句的表达功能与信息地位,可以对汉语复句进行重新分类。据此,以复句中小句能否被提问、能被怎样提问作为形式测试手段,将汉语复句分为并列类复句和主从类复句两个大类,其中主从类复句又有时间复句、因果复句、条件复句三个次类。相较以前的汉语复句分类,新的分类具有更强的可操作性和解释力。