基于对英语听说能力重要性的认识,《大学英语课程教学要求》和大学英语四、六级网考都突出了英语听说能力培养在大学英语教学中的地位。Internet为听力教学提供了大量的音视频材料,如何对这些材料进行开发利用,使其能更好地服务英语听...基于对英语听说能力重要性的认识,《大学英语课程教学要求》和大学英语四、六级网考都突出了英语听说能力培养在大学英语教学中的地位。Internet为听力教学提供了大量的音视频材料,如何对这些材料进行开发利用,使其能更好地服务英语听力教学是很有意义的一个话题。作为一款免费的字幕时间轴制作软件,Visual Sub Sync在对英语视频内容发掘方面很好地满足了听写训练和协作学习的需求。展开更多
In this paper, a coupled numerical groundwater and land subsidence model was developed for the Tianjin Plain. The model was employed to investigate the groundwater resources and their changes over the last decade, and...In this paper, a coupled numerical groundwater and land subsidence model was developed for the Tianjin Plain. The model was employed to investigate the groundwater resources and their changes over the last decade, and to further predict the changing patterns of the groundwater level and associated land subsidence in future. First, according to the regional hydrogeology, the simulation area was defined with an area of 10.6×103 km2, which was divided into six aquifer units. A coupled groundwater and land subsidence numerical model was built by using Modflow2005 and the land subsidence simulation module SUB（subsidence and aquifer-system compaction）, in which the groundwater flow was modeled as three-dimensional unsteady flow and the land subsidence simulation was based on one-dimensional consolidation theory. The model was then calibrated by using the groundwater level contour lines, hydrographs, and land subsidence hydrographs over the period of 1998–2008. In addition, groundwater balance analysis of the simulation period indicated that under multi-year groundwater withdrawal condition the cross-flow recharge, compression release, and lateral boundary inflow contributed 44.43%, 32.14%, and 21.88% to the deep aquifer recharge, respectively. Finally, the model was applied to predict the changing patterns of the groundwater levels and the associated variations in land subsidence under the control of groundwater exploitation after implementation of the south-to-north water diversion project. The simulation results demonstrated that the groundwater level may gradually increase year by year with an decrease in the groundwater withdrawal; and the land in dominated land subsidence regions including the urban area, Dagang, Hangu, Jinghai, Wuqing, and Jinnan, may rebound at an average rate of 2–3 mm/a, and the land subsidence rate in the other regions may decrease.展开更多
Content syndication has become a popular way for timely delivery of frequently updated information on the Web. Today, web syndication technologies such as RSS or Atom are used in a wide variety of applications spreadi...Content syndication has become a popular way for timely delivery of frequently updated information on the Web. Today, web syndication technologies such as RSS or Atom are used in a wide variety of applications spreading from large-scale news broadcasting to medium-scale information sharing in scientific and professional communities. However, they exhibit serious limitations for dealing with information overload in Web 2.0. There is a vital need for efficient real- time filtering methods across feeds, to allow users to effectively follow personally interesting information. We investigate in this paper three indexing techniques for users＇ subscriptions based on inverted lists or on an ordered trie for exact and partial matching. We present analytical models for memory requirements and matching time and we conduct a thorough experimental evaluation to exhibit the impact of critical parameters of realistic web syndication workloads.展开更多
To protect the sustainability of the benefits from seas and near coastal areas,which have under the effect of the very complex hydrodynamic conditions and intensive human activities,without disrupting the balance of n...To protect the sustainability of the benefits from seas and near coastal areas,which have under the effect of the very complex hydrodynamic conditions and intensive human activities,without disrupting the balance of nature,it is necessary to image the status of the seafloor features.Therefore,this study presents the deformations,depositional conditions,underwater constructions,and the other non-natural impacts on the seafloor of the nearshore area at western Istanbul(between Küçükçekmece and Büyükçekmece lagoons)where it intensely used by the citizens.The results of the study may provide some guidance for understanding the impacts and risk factors of uses that are or will be conducted in coastal and/or near-coastal areas.Construction planning for civil coastal structures and areas should be done in great harmony with nature,minimizing negative environmental impacts.Although sediment distribution in the area is generally quite complex,the current state of the region,wave action,hydrodynamic conditions,the amount of material transported from the land,and bathymetry are important influencing factors.The seafloor has been damaged primarily by anchor deformation and associated bottom scanning,as well as disturbing trawl tracks.The seafloor was observed as partially shallowing near the constructions(such as natural gas pipelines,fishermen’s shelter,and port piles)of coastal areas and associated with sand deposits.Therefore,scanning the seafloor using side-scan sonar may provide valuable frequency data to prevent future disruptions.展开更多
This study investigates the health implications of sharing a shisha (hookah) mouthpiece during smoking, with a focus on tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis prevalence in Sub Saharan Africa. It examines shisha smoking beha...This study investigates the health implications of sharing a shisha (hookah) mouthpiece during smoking, with a focus on tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis prevalence in Sub Saharan Africa. It examines shisha smoking behavior patterns and associated risks of disease transmission among those sharing a common mouthpiece. Through literature review and empirical data analysis, the research highlights epidemiological factors driving TB and hepatitis transmission within the context of shisha smoking in Sub Saharan Africa. Exploring cultural, social, and behavioral determinants influencing shisha mouthpiece sharing, the study offers insights into interventions and public health strategies. It emphasizes the need for targeted health education campaigns, policy interventions, and community-based initiatives to promote safer smoking practices. Immediate coordinated public health interventions, including educational campaigns and regulatory measures, are recommended. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities is essential. These insights deepen the understanding of challenges posed by communal shisha smoking in Sub Saharan Africa, laying the groundwork for evidence-based interventions to reduce TB and hepatitis transmission and enhance overall health outcomes in the region. This research underscores the urgency of addressing the risks associated with shisha smoking, aiming to mitigate disease transmission and improve population health in Sub Saharan Africa.展开更多
Background: Sub arachnoid block (SAB) performed by traditional landmark palpation technique can be inaccurate. This problem is exacerbated by altered patient anatomy due to obesity and age-related changes. A pre-proce...Background: Sub arachnoid block (SAB) performed by traditional landmark palpation technique can be inaccurate. This problem is exacerbated by altered patient anatomy due to obesity and age-related changes. A pre-procedural ultrasound scan of the lumbar spine has been shown to be of benefit in guiding lumbar epidural insertion in obstetric patients. Information on the use of real-time ultrasound (RUS) guided SAB, to date, been limited. This study compared RUS guided SAB to traditional landmark guided technique in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for different surgical procedures. Methods: This was a prospective, single center, comparative observational study conducted in the department of anesthesiology at our center. 560 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia either by landmark based technique or real-time ultrasound-guided methods. The primary outcome was the first attempt success rate of dural puncture when employing the two methods. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in the two study groups. The first attempt success rate of dural puncture in landmark guided group was 64.3% compared to 72.6% in the ultrasound guided group. This difference was not statistically significant. The procedure performance time was significantly shorter with landmark palpation compared to use of real-time ultrasound guided method. Conclusion: Use of RUS-guided technique does not significantly improve the first attempt success rate of SAB dural puncture during spinal anesthesia compared to the traditional landmark-guided technique.展开更多
Languages–independent text tokenization can aid in classification of languages with few sources.There is a global research effort to generate text classification for any language.Human text classification is a slow p...Languages–independent text tokenization can aid in classification of languages with few sources.There is a global research effort to generate text classification for any language.Human text classification is a slow procedure.Conse-quently,the text summary generation of different languages,using machine text classification,has been considered in recent years.There is no research on the machine text classification for many languages such as Czech,Rome,Urdu.This research proposes a cross-language text tokenization model using a Transformer technique.The proposed Transformer employs an encoder that has ten layers with self-attention encoding and a feedforward sublayer.This model improves the efficiency of text classification by providing a draft text classification for a number of documents.We also propose a novel Sub-Word tokenization model with frequent vocabulary usage in the documents.The Sub-Word Byte-Pair Tokenization technique(SBPT)utilizes the sharing of the vocabulary of one sentence with other sentences.The Sub-Word tokenization model enhances the performance of other Sub-Word tokenization models such pair encoding model by+10%using precision metric.展开更多
This study focuses on investigating the effect of various solvents on the supercritical extraction of organic matter from Moroccan oil shales, with the goal of determining the optimal operating conditions that result ...This study focuses on investigating the effect of various solvents on the supercritical extraction of organic matter from Moroccan oil shales, with the goal of determining the optimal operating conditions that result in a high yield of high-quality oil rich in aromatic compounds. The results of this study demonstrate that the extraction yield and quality of the extracted oil heavily depend on the chosen operating conditions for supercritical or subcritical extraction of organic matter from oil shale. Additionally, the study found that phenol can effectively degrade oil shale and enable extraction of nearly all the organic matter, even under mild conditions (T = 390˚C, P = 1.2 MPa, Time = 2.5 h. Furthermore, the oils obtained through this extraction process are of high quality, with a rich content of maltenes, and a higher concentration of aromatic compounds and lower levels of sulfur than those obtained using other solvents.展开更多
This study focuses on investigating the effect of various solvents on the supercritical extraction of organic matter from Moroccan oil shales, with the goal of determining the optimal operating conditions that result ...This study focuses on investigating the effect of various solvents on the supercritical extraction of organic matter from Moroccan oil shales, with the goal of determining the optimal operating conditions that result in a high yield of high-quality oil rich in aromatic compounds. The results of this study demonstrate that the extraction yield and quality of the extracted oil heavily depend on the chosen operating conditions for supercritical or subcritical extraction of organic matter from oil shale. Additionally, the study found that phenol can effectively degrade oil shale and enable extraction of nearly all the organic matter, even under mild conditions (T = 390˚C, P = 1.2 MPa, Time = 2.5 h. Furthermore, the oils obtained through this extraction process are of high quality, with a rich content of maltenes, and a higher concentration of aromatic compounds and lower levels of sulfur than those obtained using other solvents.展开更多
On the basis of introducing the fundamental theory and the basic analysis steps of the sub model method, the strength of the new engine complex assembly structure was analyzed according to the properties of the engin...On the basis of introducing the fundamental theory and the basic analysis steps of the sub model method, the strength of the new engine complex assembly structure was analyzed according to the properties of the engine structures, some of the key parts of the engine were analyzed with refined mesh by sub model method and the error of the FEM solution was estimated by the extrapolation method. The example showed that the sub model can not only analyze the comlex structures without the restriction of the software and hardware of the computers, but get the more precise analysis result also. This method is more suitable for the strength analysis of the complex assembly structure.展开更多
文摘基于对英语听说能力重要性的认识,《大学英语课程教学要求》和大学英语四、六级网考都突出了英语听说能力培养在大学英语教学中的地位。Internet为听力教学提供了大量的音视频材料,如何对这些材料进行开发利用,使其能更好地服务英语听力教学是很有意义的一个话题。作为一款免费的字幕时间轴制作软件,Visual Sub Sync在对英语视频内容发掘方面很好地满足了听写训练和协作学习的需求。
基金supported by a grant from the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB428804)
文摘In this paper, a coupled numerical groundwater and land subsidence model was developed for the Tianjin Plain. The model was employed to investigate the groundwater resources and their changes over the last decade, and to further predict the changing patterns of the groundwater level and associated land subsidence in future. First, according to the regional hydrogeology, the simulation area was defined with an area of 10.6×103 km2, which was divided into six aquifer units. A coupled groundwater and land subsidence numerical model was built by using Modflow2005 and the land subsidence simulation module SUB（subsidence and aquifer-system compaction）, in which the groundwater flow was modeled as three-dimensional unsteady flow and the land subsidence simulation was based on one-dimensional consolidation theory. The model was then calibrated by using the groundwater level contour lines, hydrographs, and land subsidence hydrographs over the period of 1998–2008. In addition, groundwater balance analysis of the simulation period indicated that under multi-year groundwater withdrawal condition the cross-flow recharge, compression release, and lateral boundary inflow contributed 44.43%, 32.14%, and 21.88% to the deep aquifer recharge, respectively. Finally, the model was applied to predict the changing patterns of the groundwater levels and the associated variations in land subsidence under the control of groundwater exploitation after implementation of the south-to-north water diversion project. The simulation results demonstrated that the groundwater level may gradually increase year by year with an decrease in the groundwater withdrawal; and the land in dominated land subsidence regions including the urban area, Dagang, Hangu, Jinghai, Wuqing, and Jinnan, may rebound at an average rate of 2–3 mm/a, and the land subsidence rate in the other regions may decrease.
文摘Content syndication has become a popular way for timely delivery of frequently updated information on the Web. Today, web syndication technologies such as RSS or Atom are used in a wide variety of applications spreading from large-scale news broadcasting to medium-scale information sharing in scientific and professional communities. However, they exhibit serious limitations for dealing with information overload in Web 2.0. There is a vital need for efficient real- time filtering methods across feeds, to allow users to effectively follow personally interesting information. We investigate in this paper three indexing techniques for users＇ subscriptions based on inverted lists or on an ordered trie for exact and partial matching. We present analytical models for memory requirements and matching time and we conduct a thorough experimental evaluation to exhibit the impact of critical parameters of realistic web syndication workloads.
文摘To protect the sustainability of the benefits from seas and near coastal areas,which have under the effect of the very complex hydrodynamic conditions and intensive human activities,without disrupting the balance of nature,it is necessary to image the status of the seafloor features.Therefore,this study presents the deformations,depositional conditions,underwater constructions,and the other non-natural impacts on the seafloor of the nearshore area at western Istanbul(between Küçükçekmece and Büyükçekmece lagoons)where it intensely used by the citizens.The results of the study may provide some guidance for understanding the impacts and risk factors of uses that are or will be conducted in coastal and/or near-coastal areas.Construction planning for civil coastal structures and areas should be done in great harmony with nature,minimizing negative environmental impacts.Although sediment distribution in the area is generally quite complex,the current state of the region,wave action,hydrodynamic conditions,the amount of material transported from the land,and bathymetry are important influencing factors.The seafloor has been damaged primarily by anchor deformation and associated bottom scanning,as well as disturbing trawl tracks.The seafloor was observed as partially shallowing near the constructions(such as natural gas pipelines,fishermen’s shelter,and port piles)of coastal areas and associated with sand deposits.Therefore,scanning the seafloor using side-scan sonar may provide valuable frequency data to prevent future disruptions.
文摘This study investigates the health implications of sharing a shisha (hookah) mouthpiece during smoking, with a focus on tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis prevalence in Sub Saharan Africa. It examines shisha smoking behavior patterns and associated risks of disease transmission among those sharing a common mouthpiece. Through literature review and empirical data analysis, the research highlights epidemiological factors driving TB and hepatitis transmission within the context of shisha smoking in Sub Saharan Africa. Exploring cultural, social, and behavioral determinants influencing shisha mouthpiece sharing, the study offers insights into interventions and public health strategies. It emphasizes the need for targeted health education campaigns, policy interventions, and community-based initiatives to promote safer smoking practices. Immediate coordinated public health interventions, including educational campaigns and regulatory measures, are recommended. Collaboration among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities is essential. These insights deepen the understanding of challenges posed by communal shisha smoking in Sub Saharan Africa, laying the groundwork for evidence-based interventions to reduce TB and hepatitis transmission and enhance overall health outcomes in the region. This research underscores the urgency of addressing the risks associated with shisha smoking, aiming to mitigate disease transmission and improve population health in Sub Saharan Africa.
文摘Background: Sub arachnoid block (SAB) performed by traditional landmark palpation technique can be inaccurate. This problem is exacerbated by altered patient anatomy due to obesity and age-related changes. A pre-procedural ultrasound scan of the lumbar spine has been shown to be of benefit in guiding lumbar epidural insertion in obstetric patients. Information on the use of real-time ultrasound (RUS) guided SAB, to date, been limited. This study compared RUS guided SAB to traditional landmark guided technique in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for different surgical procedures. Methods: This was a prospective, single center, comparative observational study conducted in the department of anesthesiology at our center. 560 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia either by landmark based technique or real-time ultrasound-guided methods. The primary outcome was the first attempt success rate of dural puncture when employing the two methods. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in the two study groups. The first attempt success rate of dural puncture in landmark guided group was 64.3% compared to 72.6% in the ultrasound guided group. This difference was not statistically significant. The procedure performance time was significantly shorter with landmark palpation compared to use of real-time ultrasound guided method. Conclusion: Use of RUS-guided technique does not significantly improve the first attempt success rate of SAB dural puncture during spinal anesthesia compared to the traditional landmark-guided technique.
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R113),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Languages–independent text tokenization can aid in classification of languages with few sources.There is a global research effort to generate text classification for any language.Human text classification is a slow procedure.Conse-quently,the text summary generation of different languages,using machine text classification,has been considered in recent years.There is no research on the machine text classification for many languages such as Czech,Rome,Urdu.This research proposes a cross-language text tokenization model using a Transformer technique.The proposed Transformer employs an encoder that has ten layers with self-attention encoding and a feedforward sublayer.This model improves the efficiency of text classification by providing a draft text classification for a number of documents.We also propose a novel Sub-Word tokenization model with frequent vocabulary usage in the documents.The Sub-Word Byte-Pair Tokenization technique(SBPT)utilizes the sharing of the vocabulary of one sentence with other sentences.The Sub-Word tokenization model enhances the performance of other Sub-Word tokenization models such pair encoding model by+10%using precision metric.
文摘This study focuses on investigating the effect of various solvents on the supercritical extraction of organic matter from Moroccan oil shales, with the goal of determining the optimal operating conditions that result in a high yield of high-quality oil rich in aromatic compounds. The results of this study demonstrate that the extraction yield and quality of the extracted oil heavily depend on the chosen operating conditions for supercritical or subcritical extraction of organic matter from oil shale. Additionally, the study found that phenol can effectively degrade oil shale and enable extraction of nearly all the organic matter, even under mild conditions (T = 390˚C, P = 1.2 MPa, Time = 2.5 h. Furthermore, the oils obtained through this extraction process are of high quality, with a rich content of maltenes, and a higher concentration of aromatic compounds and lower levels of sulfur than those obtained using other solvents.
文摘This study focuses on investigating the effect of various solvents on the supercritical extraction of organic matter from Moroccan oil shales, with the goal of determining the optimal operating conditions that result in a high yield of high-quality oil rich in aromatic compounds. The results of this study demonstrate that the extraction yield and quality of the extracted oil heavily depend on the chosen operating conditions for supercritical or subcritical extraction of organic matter from oil shale. Additionally, the study found that phenol can effectively degrade oil shale and enable extraction of nearly all the organic matter, even under mild conditions (T = 390˚C, P = 1.2 MPa, Time = 2.5 h. Furthermore, the oils obtained through this extraction process are of high quality, with a rich content of maltenes, and a higher concentration of aromatic compounds and lower levels of sulfur than those obtained using other solvents.
文摘On the basis of introducing the fundamental theory and the basic analysis steps of the sub model method, the strength of the new engine complex assembly structure was analyzed according to the properties of the engine structures, some of the key parts of the engine were analyzed with refined mesh by sub model method and the error of the FEM solution was estimated by the extrapolation method. The example showed that the sub model can not only analyze the comlex structures without the restriction of the software and hardware of the computers, but get the more precise analysis result also. This method is more suitable for the strength analysis of the complex assembly structure.
