Transient receptor potential channels and calcium dysregulation: a pathogenic duo in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease(PD) has a complex and multifactorial pathophysiology. Various studies, conducted both in pre-clinical models and PD patients, have reported a link between the disruption of calcium(Ca^(2+)) homeostasis and the subsequent development of PD. Ca^(2+) regulation is crucial for neuronal survival, differentiation,exocytosis at synapses,gene transcription,and proliferation.

Subsequent total joint arthroplasty: Are we learning from the first stage?

BACKGROUND With the increasing incidence of total joint arthroplasty(TJA),there is a desire to reduce peri-operative complications and resource utilization.As degenerative conditions progress in multiple joints,many patients undergo multiple proce-dures.AIM To determine if both physicians and patients learn from the patient’s initial arth-roplasty,resulting in improved outcomes following the second procedure.METHODS The institutional database was retrospectively queried for primary total hip arth-roplasty(THA)and total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Patients with only unilateral THA or TKA,and patients undergoing same-day bilateral TJA,were excluded.Patient demographics,comorbidities,and implant sizes were collected at the time of each procedure and patients were stratified by first vs second surgery.Outcome metrics evaluated included operative time,length of stay(LOS),disposition,90-d readmissions and emergency department(ED)visits.RESULTS A total of 642 patients,including 364 undergoing staged bilateral TKA and 278 undergoing bilateral THA,were analyzed.There was no significant difference in demographics or comorbidities between the first and second procedure,which were separated by a mean of 285 d.For THA and TKA,LOS was significantly less for the second surgery,with 66%of patients having a shorter hospitalization(P<0.001).THA patients had significantly decreased operative time only when the same sized implant was utilized(P=0.025).The vast majority(93.3%)of patients were discharged to the same type of location following their second surgery.However,when a change in disposition was present from the first surgery,patients were significantly more likely to be discharged to home after the second procedure(P=0.033).There was no difference between procedures for post-operative readmissions(P=0.438)or ED visits(P=0.915).CONCLUSION After gaining valuable experience recovering from the initial surgery,a patient’s perioperative outcomes are improved for their second TJA.This may be the result of increased confidence and decreased anxiety,and it supports the theory that enhanced patient education pre-operatively may improve outcomes.For the surgical team,the second procedure of a staged THA is more efficient,although this finding did not hold for TKA.

脑磁图:从标量探测迈向矢量探测

Since its emergence half a century ago,magnetoencephalography(MEG)technology has been recognized as one of the most ideal non-invasive measures to explore functional brain activities^([1]).However,its subsequent development has fallen short of expectations,e.g..

Development of 3D bicontinuous metal-intermetallic composites through subsequent alloying process after liquid metal dealloying

This study presents a novel process for the fabrication of metal-intermetallic composites with a 3D bicontinuous structure, achieved through a combination of liquid metal dealloying(LMD) and subsequent alloying. Initially, porous Ti structures are produced using the LMD process, followed by immersion in a molten Mg-3Al(wt%) metal. Due to the higher thermodynamic miscibility of Al with Ti compared to Mg, the concentration of Al in the Ti matrix increases as the immersion time increases. This results in a sequential phase transition within the Ti matrix: α-Ti → Ti_(3)Al → Ti Al. The phase transition considerably affects the hardness and strength of the composite material,with the Mg-Ti_(3)Al-Ti Al composite exhibiting a maximum hardness nearly twice as high as that of the conventional Mg-Ti composite. This innovative process holds potential for the development of various bicontinuous metal-intermetallic composites.

Implementation of Rapid Code Transformation Process Using Deep Learning Approaches

Our previous work has introduced the newly generated program using the code transformation model GPT-2,verifying the generated programming codes through simhash(SH)and longest common subsequence(LCS)algo-rithms.However,the entire code transformation process has encountered a time-consuming problem.Therefore,the objective of this study is to speed up the code transformation process signi􀀀cantly.This paper has proposed deep learning approaches for modifying SH using a variational simhash(VSH)algorithm and replacing LCS with a piecewise longest common subsequence(PLCS)algorithm to faster the veri􀀀cation process in the test phase.Besides the code transformation model GPT-2,this study has also introduced MicrosoMASS and Facebook BART for a comparative analysis of their performance.Meanwhile,the explainable AI technique using local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME)can also interpret the decision-making ofAImodels.The experimental results show that VSH can reduce the number of quali􀀀ed programs by 22.11%,and PLCS can reduce the execution time of selected pocket programs by 32.39%.As a result,the proposed approaches can signi􀀀cantly speed up the entire code transformation process by 1.38 times on average compared with our previous work.

From dolphins to dogs:new opportunities to understand the role of P2X4 receptors in spinal cord injury and neuropathic pain

The P2X4 receptor belongs to the P2X receptor family of trimeric ligand-gated ion channels and was the first member of this family for which a crystal structure was obtained(Kawate et al.,2009).This structure confirmed the trimeric stoichiometry of P2X receptors and subsequent studies from the same group revealed the orthosteric binding site of the natural ligand adenosine 5′-triphosphate(ATP)in a cleft between each adjacent subunit(Hattori and Gouaux,2012).Now synonymous with structural descriptions of P2X receptors,these original studies described the structure of each P2X4 receptor subunit as that resembling a dolphin.

VMAT2 Transport and Inhibition Mechanisms Revealed by Cryo-EM

Neurotransmitters are a class of signaling chemicals,including monoamines such as serotonin,dopamine,and histamine,which play a vital role in a variety of neurological activities,including mood,memory,growth and development,and drug addiction.The cytosolic neurotransmitters in presynaptic neurons must be transported into synaptic vesicles for storage and subsequent release.

Risk factors for mortality in children with diabetic keto acidosis from developing countries

Diabetic keto acidosis(DKA) is the major cause for mortality in children with Diabetes mellitus(DM). With increasing incidence of type 1 DM worldwide, there is an absolute increase of DM among children between 0-14 year age group and overall incidence among less than 30 years remain the same. This shift towards younger age group is more of concern especially in developing countries where mortality in DKA is alarmingly high. Prior to the era of insulin, DKA was associated with 100% mortality and subsequently mortality rates have come down and is now, 0.15%-0.31% in developed countries. However the scenario in developing countries like India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are very different and mortality is still high in children with DKA. Prospective studies on DKA in children are lacking in developing countries. Literature on DKA related mortality are based on retrospective studies and are very recent from countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. There exists an urgent need to understand the differences between developed and developing countries with respect to mortality rates and factors associated with increased mortality in children with DKA. Higher mortality rates, increased incidence of cerebral edema, sepsis, shock and renal failure have been identified among DKA in children from developing countries.Root cause for all these complications and increased mortality in DKA could be delayed diagnosis in children from developing countries. This necessitates creating awareness among parents, public and physicians by health education to identify symptoms of DM/DKA in children, in order to decrease mortality in DKA. Based on past experience in Parma, Italy it is possible to prevent occurrence of DKA both in new onset DM and in children with established DM, by simple interventions to increase awareness among public and physicians.

Effects of thickness and annealing condition on magnetic properties and thermal stabilities of Ta/Nd/NdFeB/Nd/Ta sandwiched films

Ta/Nd/NdFeB/Nd/Ta sandwiched films are deposited by magnetron sputtering on Si（100） substrates,and subsequently annealed in vacuum at different temperatures for different time.It is found that both the thickness of NdFeB and Nd layer and the annealing condition can affect the magnetic properties of Ta/Nd/NdFeB/Nd/Ta films.Interestingly,the thickness and annealing temperature show the relevant behaviors that can affect the magnetic properties of the film.The high coercivity of 24.1 kOe（1 Oe = 79.5775 A/m） and remanence ratio（remanent magnetization/saturation magnetization）of 0.94 can be obtained in a Ta/Nd（250 nm）/NdFeB（600 nm）/Nd（250 nm）/Ta film annealed for 3 min at 1023 K.In addition,the thermal stability of the film is also linked to the thickness of NdFeB and Nd layer and the annealing temperature as well.The excellent thermal stability can be achieved in a Ta/Nd（250 nm）/NdFeB（600 nm）/Nd（250 nm）/Ta film annealed at1023 K.

THE APPLICATION OF THE ELECTRIC INFORMATION MEASURE OF HUMAN AURICULAR POINTS FOR THE UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT CANCER:MASS SURVEY

The electric information of the auricular points can reflect the pathologicalchange on human boby.Authors invented “MT-871 Electric Medical Instrument” asdynamic measure of the electric information of the auricular points,and applied thisinstrument to the screening survey of the upper digestive tract cancer.According tothe characteristic of the parameters of the wave shape W,τ,and H in electrical infor-mation of the auricular points,the positive cases were diagnosed.In 1990 and 1992,

Comparison of concomitant and subsequent cholangiocarcinomas associated with hepatolithiasis:Clinical implications

AIM:To compare the outcomes of concomitant cholangiocarcinoma(C-CCA)and subsequent cholangiocar-cinoma(S-CCA)associated with hepatolithiasis. METHODS:From December 1987 to December 2007, 276 patients underwent hepatic resection for hepa-tolithiasis in Changhua Christian Hospital.Sixty-five patients were excluded due to incomplete medical records and the remaining 211 patients constituted our study population base.Ten patients were diag-nosed with C-CCA based on the preoperative biopsy or postoperative pathology.During the follow-up period, 12 patients developed S-CCA.The diagnosis of S-CCA was made by image-guided biopsy or by pathology if surgical intervention was carried out.Patient charts were reviewed to collect clinical information.Parameters such as CCA incidence,interval from operation to CCA diagnosis,interval from CCA diagnosis to disease-related death,follow-up time,and mortality rate were calculated for both the C-CCA and S-CCA groups.The outcomes of the C-CCA and S-CCA groups were math-ematically compared and analysed. RESULTS:Our study demonstrates the clinical implications and the survival outcomes of C-CCA and S-CCA. Among the patients with unilateral hepatolithiasis,the incidence rates of C-CCA and S-CCA were fairly similar (4.8%vs 4.5%,respectively,P=0.906).However,for the patients with bilateral hepatolithiasis,the incidence rate of S-CCA(12.2%)was higher than that of C-CCA (4.7%),although the sample size was limited and the difference between two groups was not statistically sig-nificant(P=0.211).The average follow-up time was 56 mo for the C-CCA group and 71 mo for the S-CCA group.Regard to the average time intervals from operation to CCA diagnosis,S-CCA was diagnosed after 67 mo from the initial hepatectomy.The average time intervals from the diagnoses of CCA to disease-related death was 41 mo for the C-CCA group and 4 mo for the S-CCA group,this difference approached statistical sig-nificance(P=0.075).Regarding the rates of overall and disease-related mortality,the C-CCA group had signifi-cantly lower overall mortality(70%vs 100%,P=0.041) and disease-related mortality(60%vs 100%,P=0.015) than the S-CCA group.For the survival outcomes of two groups,the Kaplan-Meier curves corresponding to each group also demonstrated better survival outcomes for the C-CCA group(log rank P=0.005).In the C-CCA group,three patients were still alive at the time of data analysis,all of them had free surgical margins and did not have pathologically proven lymph node metastasis at the time of the initial hepatectomy.In the S-CCA group,only one patient had chance to undergo a second hepatectomy,and all 12 S-CCA patients had died at the time of data analysis. CONCLUSION:C-CCA has better outcomes than S-CCA.The first hepatectomy is crucial because most patients with recurrent CCA or S-CCA are not eligible for repeated surgical intervention.

Genome triplication drove the diversification of Brassica plants

The genus Brassica belongs to the plant family Brassicaceae,which includes many important crop species that are used as oilseed,condiments,or vegetables throughout the world.Brassica plants comprise many diverse species,and each species contains rich morphotypes showing extreme traits.Brassica species experienced an extra whole genome triplication(WGT)event compared with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.Whole genome sequencing of the Brassica species Brassica rapa,Brassica oleracea and others demonstrated that WGT plays an important role in the speciation and morphotype diversification of Brassica plants.Comparative genomic analysis based on the genome sequences of B.rapa and A.thaliana clearly identified the WGT event and further demonstrated that the translocated Proto-Calepine Karyotype(tPCK,n57)was the diploid ancestor of the three subgenomes in B.rapa.Following WGT,subsequent extensive genome fractionation,block reshuffling and chromosome reduction accompanied by paleocentromere descent from the three tPCK subgenomes during the rediploidization process produced stable diploid species.Genomic rearrangement of the diploid species and their hybridization then contributed to Brassica speciation.The subgenome dominance effect and biased gene retention,such as the over-retention of auxin-related genes after WGT,promoted functional gene evolution and thus propelled the expansion of rich morphotypes in the Brassica species.In conclusion,the WGT event initiated subsequent genomic and gene-level evolution,which further drove Brassica speciation and created rich morphotypes in each species.

Adaptive subsequence adjustment with evolutionary asymmetric path-relinking for TDRSS scheduling

Due to the limited transmission resources for data relay in the tracking and data relay satellite system （TDRSS）, there are many job requirements in busy days which will be discarded in the conventional job scheduling model. Therefore, the improvement of scheduling efficiency in the TDRSS can not only help to increase the resource utilities, but also to reduce the scheduling failure ratio. A model of nonhomogeneous parallel machines scheduling problems with time window （NPM-TW） is firstly built up for the TDRSS, considering the distinct features of the variable preparation time and the nonhomogeneous transmission rates for different types of antennas on each tracking and data relay satellite （TDRS）. Then, an adaptive subsequence adjustment （ASA） framework with evolutionary asymmetric path-relinking （EvAPR） is proposed to solve this problem, in which an asymmetric progressive crossover operation is involved to overcome the local optima by the conventional job inserting methods. The numerical results show that, compared with the classical greedy randomized adaptive search procedure （GRASP） algorithm, the scheduling failure ratio of jobs can be reduced over 11% on average by the proposed ASA with EvAPR.

中国精神分裂症分子遗传研究(英文)

Schizophrenia is a complex disease caused by genetic and environmental factors with a global heritability of more than 80%. By the end of the 1970s, Chinese scientists reported a heritability of schizophrenia of 82.9% in the Chinese Han population. Continuous improvements in research techniques and the recruitment of larger samples have made it possible for Chinese scientists to identify a number of candidate susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. This article reviews the results in genetic research of schizophrenia by Chinese scientists over the last five decades.

Effects of the Residues of Cuscuta campestris and Mikania micrantha on Subsequent Plant Germination and Early Growth

Cuscuta campestris, a dodder, can parasitize and suppress a scrambling herbaceous to semi-woody perennial vine, Mikania micrantha, one of the most destructive weeds in the world. To assess the effects of the mixed residue of C. campestris and M. micrantha on the subsequent plant community, we conducted a one-year experiment on the germination and seedling growth of subsequent plant community after the application of C. campestris. Seven treatments of varying proportions of C. campestris and M. mierantha residue on 21 subject trees and shrubs, which were commonly found in South China, resulted in a germination rate of 35.3% for all 8 715 seeds from 18 species, ranging from 5.7 to 81.9%; the remaining 3 species failed to germinate. ANOVA analysis showed that the residue did not affect the germination, growth, or mortality of the trees and shrubs. The germinated C. campestris seeds from the residue coiled the seedlings of most of the species, but less than 4% host death caused by C. campestris. In addition, the residue did not affect the germination of the herbaceous seedlings originating from the loam, and the similarity coefficients of the germinated seedlings between the treatments were very high. These results suggested that the residue had no negative impact on the germination and early seedling stages of the tree, shrub and grass species of the subsequent plant community. The use of C. campestris residue had a positive effect on the growth of M. micrantha, but it did not change the trend of M. micrantha being suppressed because re-parasitization occurred soon after the growth restarted. No negative effect was detected on the other species as a result of the parasitization of C. campestris or by the use of the mixed residue. This suggests that C. campestris is likely to be an effective and promising ecologically safe native herbaceous agent for controlling M. micrantha.

Correlation of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Depositional Sequences in Different Facies Belts on Southern Margin of Upper Yangtze Platform

A fundamental problem in sequence stratigraphy is whether the sequences are global in extent and whether the sea level changes are eustatic in nature. Study on the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous depositional sequences in different facies belts on the southern margin of the Upper Yangtze platform shows that different orders of sequences possess distinctive distribution and correlation in space, although the sea level changes in various orders of sequences may be primarily global in nature. The present paper regards the distribution in space, especially in different facies belts, as a criterion for defining and recognizing the various orders of sequences. The orthosequence (third order sequence) is probably global in nature, which may be discerned in various depositional facies belts on the continental margin and can be correlated over long distances, sometimes maybe worldwide. Commonly, correlation of the subsequences (fourth order sequences with time interval of 0.5 Ma to 1.5 Ma) is difficult in different facies belts, although some of them are probably also worldwide in distribution. A subsequence should be distinguishable and correlatable within at least one facies belt. The higher order sequences, including parasequences (fifth order sequences) and microsequences (sixth order sequences), are regional or local in distribution. They may have reflected the longer and shorter Milankovitch cycles respectively. Orthosequences and subsequences are usually recognizable in different facies belts, while parasequences and microsequences may be distinguished only in shallow marine deposits, but not in slope and basin facies deposits.

Observation of the Superheavy Nuclide ^(271)Ds

With the recent commissioning of a gas-filled recoil separator at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) in Lanzhou,the decay properties of 271Ds (Z =110) were studied via the 20sPb(64Ni,n) reaction at a beam energy of 313.3 MeV.Based on the separator coupled with a position sensitive silicon strip detector,we carried out the energy-position-time correlation measurements for the implanted nucleus and its subsequent decay α's.One α-decay chain for 271Ds was established.The α energy and decay time of the 27iDs nucleus were measured to be 10.644 MeV and 96.8ms,which are consistent with the values reported in the literature.

Optimizing dietary lipid use to improve essential fatty acid status and reproductive performance of the modern lactating sow:a review

Dietary lipid supplementation benefits the prolific and high-producing modern lactating sow. A comprehensive review of recent studies showed that lipid supplementation increases average daily energy intake, which is partitioned for lactation as indicated by greater milk fat output and improved litter growth rate. Recent compelling findings showed that addition of particular lipids during lactation improved the subsequent reproductive outcome of sows. Such benefits were related to the level of dietary essential fatty acids（EFA, linoleic acid, C18：2n-6; and α-linolenic acid, C18：3n-3） during lactation. Lactation diets without supplemental EFA resulted in a pronounced negative balance（intake minus milk output） of linoleic（-25.49 g/d） and α-linolenic acid（-2.75 g/d）; which compromised sow fertility（farrowing rate 〈 75 % and culling rates 〉 25 % of weaned sows）. This phenomenon seems to be increasingly important with advancing sow age because of a progressive reduction of body EFA pool over successive lactations. The net effect of supplemental EFA during lactation was to create a positive EFA balance, which improved the subsequent reproduction of sows. Adequate linoleic acid intake improved the proportion of sows that farrowed in the subsequent cycle（Farrowing rate（%） = [（-1.5 × 10^-3× linoleic acid intake（g/d）^2） ＋（0.53 × linoleic acid intake（g/d）） ＋（45.2）]; quadratic P = 0.002, R^2= 0.997, RMSE = 0.031）. In addition, increasing linoleic acid intake increased the number of pigs born in the subsequent cycle（total pigs born（n） = [（9.4 × 10^-5× linoleic acid intake（g/d）^2） ＋（0.04 × linoleic acid intake（g/d）） ＋（10.94）]; quadratic P = 0.002, R^2= 0.997, RMSE = 0.031）. Supplemental α-linolenic acid resulted in a rapid return to estrus（sows bred： sows weaned = 94.2 %; wean-to-estrus interval = 4.0 d） and achieved a high retention of pregnancy（sows pregnant： sows bred = 98 %）. Collectively, we conclude that a minimum dietary intake of10 g/d of α-linolenic acid, simultaneous with a minimum of 125 g/d of linoleic acid should be provided to ≥ 95 % of the sows; thereby, achieving a maximum sow reproductive efficiency through multiple mechanisms that include rapid return to estrus, high maintenance of pregnancy and large subsequent litter size in mature sows, that appear to be susceptible to EFA deficiency.

Functional sample path properties of subsequence's C-R increments for a Wiener process in Hlder norm

In this paper, with the aid of large deviation formulas established in strong topology of functional space generated by HSlder norm, we discuss the functional sample path properties of subsequence＇s C-R increments for a Wiener process in HSlder norm. The obtained results, generalize the corresponding results of Chen and the classic Strassen＇s law of iterated logarithm for a Wiener process.

Obstructive sleep apnea increases heart rhythm disorders and worsens subsequent outcomes in elderly patients with subacute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a potential cardiovascular risk.We aimed to investigate the association of OSA with heart rhythm disorders and prognosis in elderly patients with new-onset acute myocardial infarction(AMI).METHODS We prospectively enrolled 252 AMI elderly patients(mean age,68.5±6.9 years)who were undergoing revascularization and completed a sleep study during their hospitalization.All subjects were categorized into non-OSA(apnea–hypopnea index(AHI)<15,n=130)and OSA(AHI≥15,n=122)groups based on the AHI.The changes in the autonomic nervous system,incidence of arrhythmia during nocturnal sleep,and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCEs)were compared between the groups.RESULTS The mean AHI value in all AMI patients was 22.8±10.9.OSA patients showed higher levels of body mass index and peak high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lower levels of minimum nocturnal oxygen saturation(Min Sa O2),as well as greater proportion of multivessel coronary artery disease(all P<0.05).The OSA group also showed significant increases in heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence onset(both P<0.05)and higher incidence of arrhythmia(including sinus,atrial,and ventricular in origin).At a median follow-up of 6 months(mean 0.8–1.6 years),OSA(AHI≥15)combined with hypoxia(Min Sa O2≤80%)was independently associated with the incidence of MACCEs(hazard ratio[HR]:4.536;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.461-14.084,P=0.009)after adjusting for traditional risk factors.CONCLUSIONS OSA and OSA-induced hypoxia may correlate with the severity of myocardial infarction,increase the occurrence of heart rhythm disorders in elderly subacute MI patients,and worsen their short-term poor outcomes.